U.S. patent number 3,664,022 [Application Number 05/110,503] was granted by the patent office on 1972-05-23 for drill guide for mandibular staple and staple construction.
Invention is credited to Irwin A. Small.
United States Patent |
3,664,022 |
Small |
May 23, 1972 |
DRILL GUIDE FOR MANDIBULAR STAPLE AND STAPLE CONSTRUCTION
Abstract
A drill guide for mandibular staples is disclosed which is
adapted to accurately align a drill for drilling fastener holes in
the mandibular lower jaw portion at precisely located positions for
the attachment of fasteners therethrough by means of a staple to
retain a dental appliance in secure position on the mandibular jaw
portion; the method includes the construction of a staple which has
a lower cross plate which is curvilinearly shaped to conform to the
curvilinear shape of the front section of the jaw bone and to which
are attached a plurality of fastener members adapted to protrude
into and selectively through the jaw bone in accordance with the
holes previously drilled through the jaw bone by means of the drill
guide; the staple and the fastening portions of the staple are
coated with a bio-ceramic such as aluminum oxide, titanium oxide,
magnesium oxide, or the like, applied to the staple in open pore
form to permit the bone tissue of the mandibular jaw to grow into
the porous bio-ceramic coating to provide an additional interlock
of the staple with the mandibular jaw tissues and to prevent bone
deterioration due to the drilling operation and insertion of the
metal staple.
Inventors: |
Small; Irwin A. (Birmingham,
MI) |
Family
ID: |
22333360 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/110,503 |
Filed: |
January 28, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
433/75;
433/174 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61C
1/084 (20130101); A61C 8/003 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61C
8/00 (20060101); A61C 1/08 (20060101); A61c
013/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;32/2,1A,40,67 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Peshock; Robert
Claims
I claim:
1. A drill guide assembly for mandibular staples adapted for
drilling a plurality of apertures in accurately located positions
through a jaw bone; said drill guide assembly comprising; an
elongated post having a first arm member extending therefrom; a
second arm member longitudinally movable along said post towards
and away from said first arm member; means to lock said second arm
member in adjusted position relative to said first arm member; said
first arm member carrying a pair of spaced locator pins; said
locator pins being pivotally supported around a common pivot for
reciprocating movement in opposite directions in order to adapt to
a jaw bone of uneven thickness; said second arm member carrying a
jig fixture at its outer end; said jig fixture being arcuate in a
horizontal plane and having a plurality of spaced apertures
extending therethrough; said apertures being located along an
arcuate line; the outermost of said apertures being in vertical
alignment with said pair of spaced locator pins of said first arm
member disposed above; the upper surface of said jig fixture being
provided with a plurality of teeth; said locator pins of said first
arm member being adapted to be placed in position on the upper
surface of said jaw bone on a pair of prelocated points; said jig
fixture of said second arm member being adapted to clampingly
engage the lower surface of said jaw bone upon relative adjusting
movement of said second arm member towards said first arm member
along said post to cause said teeth on the upper surface of said
jig fixture to bitingly engage said jaw bone to prevent
displacement of said drill guide when said second arm member is
locked in position by said locking means; the arcuate arrangement
of said plurality of apertures corresponding substantially to the
curvilinear shape of said jaw bone; and each of said apertures
being adapted to guidingly receive a drill for drilling a plurality
of apertures in said jaw bone at accurate predetermined
locations.
2. In the drill guide assembly as defined in claim 1, said jig
fixture on said second arm member being provided with a lateral
slot extending from end to end; said slot intersecting each of said
apertures so as to provide each of said apertures with an
intermediate radial opening to permit bone substances removed
during the drilling operation through said jaw bone to be expelled
outwardly to prevent clogging of said apertures.
3. In the drill guide assembly as defined in claim 1, the
outer-most of said apertures in said jig fixture on said second arm
member adapted for drilling through-bores through said jaw bone for
the securement of equally spaced opposite securing rods of said
staple to said jaw bone; the remainder of said plurality of
apertures being adapted for drilling blind bores into said jaw bone
for receipt of a plurality of correspondingly spaced intermediate
locking and locating pins of said staple.
4. In the drill guide assembly as defined in claim 1, one side of
said elongated post being provided with rack teeth; a gear member
rotatably supported on said second arm member for meshing
engagement with said rack teeth on said post; said gear member
being operably connected to a handwheel outwardly of said second
arm member for manual rotation of said gear member to thereby
longitudinally move said second arm member along said post; and
said locking means comprising a lock screw retained on said second
arm member for engagement with said post.
5. In combination with a drill guide of the type described, a
mandibular staple adapted for attachment to a jaw bone to locate
and retain a dental appliance on said jaw bone; said mandibular
staple comprising an elongated support plate; a pair of securing
rods extending upwardly from said support plate in parallel
direction from both ends thereof; a plurality of locking pins
disposed between said pair of securing rods extending upwardly from
said support plate in parallel direction with said securing rods,
and a plurality of locating pins extending from said support plate
located between said locking pins and in parallel alignment
therewith; said locking pins and said locating pins being of
substantially shorter length than said pair of outer end securing
rods.
6. In the mandibular staple as defined in claim 5, said pair of
securing rods being threaded externally to each receive a nut
member adapted for retaining engagement within mating apertures
predeterminedly located in said dental appliance.
7. In the mandibular staple as defined in claim 6, said pair of
outer securing rods adapted for extension through equally spaced
apertures drilled through said jaw bone by means of said drill
guide and said plurality of shorter length locking and locating
pins being adapted for extension into accurately spaced blind bores
drilled into said jaw bone by means of said drill guide.
8. In the mandibular staple as defined in claim 7, said plurality
of locking pins being each provided with a mushroom type head
portion and said plurality of locating pins being externally
threaded for interlocking engagement with the bone tissue within
said blind bores provided in said jaw bone.
9. In the mandibular staple as defined in claim 5, said pair of
securing rods and said plurality of locking pins and locating pins
extending along an arcuate path substantially corresponding to the
arcuate shape of said jaw bone.
10. In the mandibular staple as defined in claim 5, said support
plate, securing rods and said plurality of locking and locator pins
being coated with a layer of bio-ceramic material.
11. In the mandibular staple as defined in claim 10, said
bio-ceramic coating being an oxide selected from the group
consisting of aluminum oxide, titanium oxide and magnesium
oxide.
12. In the mandibular staple as defined in claim 10, said
bio-ceramic coating being of a porous nature to permit homogeneous
intergrow with the bone tissue of said jaw bone upon application of
said staple to said jaw bone.
13. The method of locating and retaining a removable dental
applicance upon a mandibular jaw bone comprising the steps of :
1. accurately drilling a pair of spaced bores through said
mandibular jaw bone;
2. accurately drilling a plurality of blind bores into said
mandibular jaw bone located between said spaced through-bores;
3. projecting a pair of spaced securing rods of a mandibular staple
through said pair of spaced through-bores and projecting
simultaneously the free ends of a plurality of locking pins of said
mandibular staple into said blind bores provided in said jaw
bone;
4. hammering said mandibular staple into place for full extension
of said securing rods and said locking pins into said
apertures;
5. threading fasteners over the free ends of said securing rods
projecting from said jaw bone into cooperative retaining abutment
with said jaw bone;
6. cutting off the excess lengths of said securing rods above said
fasteners; and
7. mounting a preformed correspondingly apertured dental appliance
upon said jaw bone to snugly nest said fasteners into said
corresponding apertures of said dental appliance.
Description
REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
The present invention is an improvement over applicant's prior
application Ser. No. 596,198 filed Nov. 22, 1966, now U.S. Pat. No.
3,414,975.
BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to drill guide for mandibular staples
and to the construction of the mandibular staple itself used in the
present invention.
The present invention is directed to a drill guide in the form of a
jig bore for mandibular staples used in the mechanical attachment
of dental applicances to the jaw bone of a patient. The present
improved drill guide provides an accurate means for guiding the
drilling of apertures through a mandibular jaw bone, be it human or
animal, and which apertures at accurately spaced points are adapted
to receive a mandibular staple made of metal provided with
fastening means thereon to securely engage the jaw bone and to
provide an interlock with the dental appliance normally removably
mounted on the jaw bone, and to allow tissue ingrowth and
attachment to the staple by coating the staples with a bio-ceramic
oxide.
Heretofore, in the use of dental appliances of removable nature,
particularly with reference to the lower mandibular jaw, natural
suction of the dental appliance or cohesion is often reduced due to
the aging and wasting away of jaw bone tissue. Various means are
known to be employed in an effort to retain and anchor the lower
removable dental appliance against accidental dislodgement from the
jaw bone. However, the use of adhesives or known mechanical devices
heretofore have been ineffective and inefficient for the intended
purpose and, accordingly, it is the object of the present invention
to provide for the use of a mandibular staple which is accurately
secured to the mandibular jaw bone beneath the subcutaneous tissue
and which, once secured in place by a pair of threaded fasteners,
is so arranged that the threaded fasteners themselves are adapted
to be interlockingly nested within undercut apertures provided in
the dental appliance to anchor the dental appliance against
accidental displacement with respect to the jaw bone.
Accordingly, in applicant's prior patent a drill fixture or guide
is provided which has one portion adapted to underlie the curved
front end of the mandibular jaw bone and another portion spaced
forwardly therefrom which receives and secures a U-shaped guide
pin. Both portions are provided with apertures aligned in co-planer
vertical planes and spaced a predetermined distance corresponding
to the distance between the opposed legs of the U-shaped mandibular
staple. In the prior patent, the apertured front portion for
abutment against the mandibular jaw bone as well as the staple
itself are straight and thus cannot conform to the accurate shape
of the front end of the mandibular jaw bone.
Therefore, the novel features of the present invention consist in
the provision of an improved drilling guide which has an apertured
curvilinear abutment portion suspended from the end of a vertically
adjustable arm which is forewardly supported on a rod. The upper
end of the rod supports a pair of spaced guide pins which are
individually freely reciprocable to accommodate for uneveness in
the thickness of the mandibular jaw bone and which are adapted to
be in alignment with the outer most apertures of the curvilinear
drill guide portion. The improved staple has a curvilinear fastener
support plate substantially conforming to the curvilinear shape of
the front end of the jaw bone. Attached to the support plate of the
staple are a plurality of threaded and non-threaded fasteners for
extension into apertures drilled into the jaw bone by means of the
present improved drill guide. The two outer most threaded fastener
means are adapted to extend through the jaw bone and beyond thereof
to receive fastening nuts which project into undercut apertures
provided in the dental appliance in the manner as described in
applicant's prior patent. The intermediate fastener means on the
curvilinear support plate of the improved staple extend into blind
apertures drilled into the jaw bone by means of the improved drill
guide and which securely lock the staple to the jaw bone after
application of the staple.
Additionally, an important improvement feature is provided in the
present invention in that the staple itself as well as the
projecting short fasteners and the lower portions of the outer most
fastener members which receive the appliance securing nuts, are
coated with a bio-ceramic such as aluminum oxide, titanium oxide,
magnesium oxide or the like. The oxide is applied in porous form to
the staple in order that growing tissue elements of the mandibular
jaw bone be permitted to grow into the porous layer of bio-ceramic
to provide an additional interlock of the staple with the jaw bone
as well as to prevent bone deterioration in the bone structure of
the jaw bone due to the mechanical drilling operation and insertion
of a metal staple within the jaw bone.
Additional novel features and distinct advantages of the present
improved mandibular drill guide and staple will become apparent by
reference to the following detailed description in connection with
the appended drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The accompanying drawings illustrate preferred embodiments of the
invention in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective illustration of the present improved
mandibular drill guide shown in attached drilling position on the
curvilinear front end of the mandibular jaw bone;
FIG. 2 is a separate front elevation view illustrating the present
improved mandibular drill guide;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged perspective front end view of the present
improved mandibular drill guide;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged separate illustration of the present improved
mandibular staple;
FIG. 5 is a top plan view of the present improved mandibular staple
as seen along the arrows 5--5 in FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a composite illustration as seen from the bottom of the
mandibular jaw bone showing the present improved staple in attached
position with the dental appliance being indicated on the jaw bone
in dotted lines.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
With reference now to the drawings, FIGS. 1 and 6 illustrate a
mandibular jaw bone 10, which could be either human or animal, and
which is adapted to receive a removable lower dental appliance such
as indicated at 12 in FIG. 6.
As shown in FIG. 6 mounted upon and with jaw bone 10 is the present
improved mandibular staple generally indicated at 14 which is shown
in detail in FIGS. 4 and 5.
With specific reference to FIGS. 4 and 5 the improved mandibular
staple 14 of the present invention includes a lower flat support
plate 16. In the attachment of the improved mandibular staple 14 to
the jaw bone 10, the support plate 16 is adapted to abut against
the underside of the jaw bone, as shown in FIG. 6. The support
plate 16 of the mandibular staple 14, as shown, is curvilinear in
plan view so as to substantially correspond to the curvilinear
shape of the front end 11 of the jaw bone 10.
From the upper surface of the support plate 16 of staple 14 extend
a first set of staple securing pins 18 which are braced or
otherwise secured to the surface of the support plate 16. The first
set of staple securing pins 18 are slightly upwardly tapered and
provided at the upper end with a mushroom head formation 20. These
securing pins 18 are equally spaced along the surface of the plate
16. There is further provided, and extending from the same surface
of the support plate 16, another set of staple attaching pins or
locator pins 22 which are likewise braced or otherwise secured to
the surface of plate 16. These locator pins 22 are slightly longer
than the mushroom head formed securing pins 18 and are externally
threaded or serrated as shown. Each of the threaded locator pins 22
are disposed intermediate a pair of adjoining staple securing pins
18, as shown.
The mandibular staple 14 is further provided with a pair of outer
rods 24 and 26, respectively, which are of sufficient length so as
to enable full extension of the rods 24-26 through the jaw bone 10.
The outer rods 24-26 are externally threaded as shown for the
purpose to each receive a dental applicance attaching nut member
28. As shown in FIG. 6, in assembly of the improved mandibular
staple 14 to the jaw bone 10, the long threaded outer rods 24-26
are adapted to extend through predrilled holes provided in the
front end portion 11 of the jaw bone 10 by means of provision of
the present improved drill guide, as will be described hereafter.
In assembly, as shown in FIG. 6, after the nuts 28 have been
threaded over the outer rods 24-26 in abutment against the surface
of the jaw bone 10 the free ends of the rods 24-26 extending above
the nuts 28 are cut off and disposed as waste. The cut off ends of
the rods 24-26 immediately above the nuts 28 may be filed or staked
around the upper surface of the nut so as to retain the nuts in
place on the jaw bone 10. The nuts 28 are four sided in
cross-section and are slightly tapered upwardly and in assembly
receive a spanner plate 30 which is provided with matching sockets
at its outer end of snap over the nuts 28 in the manner described
in applicant's prior U.S. Pat. No. 3,414,975. The nuts 28 are
slotted at their upper end so that a quick setting plastic may be
applied to the slots and when set, will prevent the nuts from
turning on the threading of the outer rods. The dental appliance,
indicated in broken lines at 12 in FIG. 6, as will be understood,
is provided with appropriately spaced apertures which, in assembly,
interlockingly engage the head portions of the nuts 28.
In the improved mandibular staple 14, in accordance with an
important feature of the present invention, the support plate 16,
locking pins 18, locator pins 22, outer rods 24-26 and nuts 28 are
coated with a layer of bio-ceramic, preferably aluminum oxide,
although other oxides such as titanium oxide and magnesium oxide
may be employed. The oxide coating for mandibular staple 14 is
applied such as to form a porous layer having an open pore system.
In the application of the oxide-coated mandibular staple 14 to the
jaw bone 10 by a dental surgeon, the tissue of the jaw bone is
carefully loosened and moved away from the mandibular bone and the
plurality of holes and blind apertures provided in the jaw bone 10
by means of the present improved drill guide. Thereafter the staple
14 with locator pins 18 - 22 and long securing rods 24 - 26 are
aligned with the apertures provided in the jaw bone for attachment
to the jaw bone. The tissue of the jaw bone for attachment to the
jaw bone. The tissue of the jaw bone eventually grows together
again around the apertures and grows into the pore system of the
oxide coating provided on all of the securing members of the staple
14. Thus, there is provided an additional natural interlock of the
jaw bone and jaw bone tissue with the mandibular staple 14 and
wherein at the same time the oxide coating effectively prevents any
deterioration of the jaw bone structure.
With reference now to FIGS. 1 to 3, the drilling of the respective
apertures through the curvilinear front section 11 of the jaw bone
10, presents the most significant problem in the accurate
application of the improved mandibular staple 14 so as not to have
the staple bind or otherwise damage the jaw bone or to cause
subsequent later problems and injury. Thus, it will be appreciated
that the respective apertures must be drilled such as to be in
perfect alignment with and corresponding to the spacing of locking
pins 18, locator pins 22 and outer fastening rods 24-26 of the
staple 14. It is likewise primarily essential that the drilled
apertures through the jaw bone be accurately located with respect
to the jaw bone centerline and inwardly of the open nerve centers
of the jaw bone generally indicated at 13.
For this purpose there is provided the present improved drill
guide, generally indicated at 32. The drill guide 32 consists
essentially of an elongated post 34 which at the upper end
stationarily supports an upper arm 36 and also supports a lower arm
38 which is slidable along the post 34 towards or away from the
upper arm 36. In order to cause adjustment of the lower arm 38
relative to the upper arm 36, the inner surface of the post 34 is
provided with rack teeth 40 which are engaged by a gear 42 suitably
supported for rotation within an enlarged rear portion 39 of the
lower arm 38.
The gear 42 is rotatable on a shaft 41 which carries a handwheel 44
at its outer end for rotation of the gear 42 by means of which the
lower arm 38 can be moved longitudinally along the post 34 due to
engagement of the gear 42 with the rack teeth 40. The enlarged
portion 39 of the lower arm 38 further carries a lock screw 46 to
lock the lower arm 38 in the desired adjusted position relative to
the upper arm 36.
The front end of the lower arm 38 expands into a transverse
curvilinear shaped drill guide portion 48 which, as shown in FIG.
3, is provided with a plurality of a first set of apertures 50 and
a plurality of a second set of apertures 52 which are of larger
diameter than the apertures 50. The apertures 50 and 52 in the
curvilinear drill guide portion 48 are adapted to guidingly receive
drills of different sizes for drilling holes in the mandibular jaw
bone 10 for attachment of the staple 14, and thus correspond in
spacing and number to the spacing and number of locking pins 18-22
and fastener rods 24-26 of the staple 14. Thus, the smaller
apertures 50 are adapted for drilling apertures for the threaded
locater pins 22 and fastener rods 24-26 whereas the larger
apertures 52 are adapted for drilling apertures of slightly larger
size for the locking pins 18 of the staple 14.
The curvilinear shape of the drill guide 48 corresponds to the
curvilinear shape of the support plate 16 of the staple 14. As seen
in FIG. 1, the rear of the drill guide portion 48 is slotted from
end to end as at 54, intersecting the apertures 50 and 52 to
provide a lateral opening for each of the apertures which permits
powdered bone material and bone chips to be expelled during the
drilling operation so as not to accumulate and clog the
apertures.
The upper surface of the drill guide portion 48 is provided with a
double row of upwardly protruding teeth 56 extending along the
opposed outer edges of the drill guide portion and which, in
assembly of the drill guide 32 to the jaw bone 10, are adapted to
bite into the lower surface of the jaw bone, upon respective
adjustment of the lower arm 38, to lock the drill guide portion 48
in place, in order to prevent slipping during the drilling
operation.
The front end of the upper arm 36 supports a yoke member 58 which
extends transversely of the arm to both sides thereof. Both outer
ends of the yoke member 58 are formed cylindrically as at 60 and 62
and each supports a locator pin 64 and 66, respectively, for
extension downwardly towards the drill guide portion 48. The
locator pins 64-66 are yieldably supported for relative
longitudinal up or down movement at opposite ends of a centrally
pivoted see-saw lever 68 which extends longitudinally through the
yoke member 58 and is pivotally secured therein at its center as at
70. Thus, as illustratively shown in FIG. 2, when one locator pin
is moved upwardly the other opposite locator pin is forced to move
downwardly and vice-versa. This pivotal reciprocating arrangement
of the locator pins 64-66 is provided to accommodate for uneveness
in the jaw bone thickness. The lower ends of each of the locator
pins 64-66 carry a toothed abutment 65 and 67, respectively, for a
purpose which will appear hereafter.
The pivotal locator pins 64-66 are positioned in vertical alignment
with a respective outer end aperture 50 of the drill guide portion
48 at the lower arm 38, for a purpose to appear.
In use of the present improved mandibular drill guide 32 for
application of the improved staple 14, the initial step includes
making a plaster mold of the arcuate front portion 11 of the
mandibular lower jaw of the patient and a clear plastic template
corresponding to the gum portion of the denture 12. The template is
then bored at two spaced locations at a predetermined distance such
as to be clear of and between the exposed nerve centers 13 on both
sides of the jaw bone 10. The spacing between the apertures in the
template are intended to correspond to the actual spacing of the
opposed securing rods 24-26 of the selected staple 14. From this
predrilled mold and gum template the proper drill guide assembly 32
can be selected and checked for accuracy by attaching the drill
guide 32 to the mold and template and locating the two opposite
locator pins 64-66 in the spaced bores provided in the template on
the jaw mold. Since the locator pins 64-66, as previously
described, are in vertical alignment with the outer end apertures
50 of the drill guide member 48, accurate selection of the proper
drill guide assembly can be made for accurate drilling of the
staple apertures through the front jaw bone portions 11 between the
open nerve centers 13, which herebefore was a primary difficulty in
the application of metal staples through the jaw bone of a patient
to retain a dental appliance.
With more particular reference to FIGS. 1 and 6, the drill guide 32
is then attached to the curved front end 11 of the lower jaw bone
10 of the patient after first pulling back the tissue around the
portions of the jaw bone which are to be drilled. The lower arm 38
of the drill guide assembly 32 is adjusted such as to abut against
the underside of the curved front portion 11 of the jaw bone to
clamp the jaw bone portion 11 between the drill guide member 48 and
the upper locator pins 64-66 which accurately mark the position for
the extension of the securing rods 24-26 of the staple through the
jaw bone. The surface teeth 56 of the drill guide member 48, in
attached position, bite into the jaw bone to prevent lateral or
rotational displacement of the drill guide assembly 32 during the
drilling operation. As previously mentioned, the curvature of the
drill guide member 48 corresponds substantially with the curvature
of the front end 11 of the mandibular jaw bone 10 to properly drill
the apertures for the staple 14 along an arcuate path.
After the drill guide assembly 32 has been attached to the lower
mandibular jaw bone 10 of the patient as described above a drill,
indicated at 72 in FIG. 1, of the proper size is selected to first
drill the two outer apertures in the jaw bone which are adapted to
receive the securing rods 24-26 of the staple 14. The outer
apertures 50 in the drill guide member 48 are of slightly larger
diameter than the drill employed so as to prevent binding of the
drill within the drill guide apertures. After the first through
aperture is drilled through the mandibular jaw bone 10 by guidance
of the drill through an outer end aperture 50 in the drill guide
member 48, a Kirschner wire of proper diameter is inserted through
the drill guide aperture 50 and through the aperture which has been
drilled through the jaw bone 10 for the purpose of further
anchoring the drill guide assembly 32 in its previously located
position on the jaw bone to avoid accidental displacement during
drilling of the remainder of the apertures. The second, opposite
outer end aperture is then similarly drilled through the jaw bone
by utilization of the opposite outer end aperture 50 in the drill
guide member 48 and a second Kirschner wire of proper diameter is
inserted through the drill guide aperture and the drilled aperture
in the jaw bone whereby the drill guide assembly 32 is now anchored
at two spaced points to positively prevent any displacement.
Thereafter, the remainder of the intermediate blind apertures are
drilled on the jaw bone 10 for insertion of the locator pins 22 of
the staple 14, utilizing a drill of the same size as previously
employed for the outer end apertures. This drill, however, will be
provided with an adjustable stop at a proper distance from its
pointed tip, as is commonly known in drilling blind apertures.
Thus, as previously explained, the apertures for the threaded
locator pins 22 of the staple do not extend all the way through the
mandibular jaw bone 10. Similarly, employing a drill of slightly
larger diameter for extension through the larger drill guide
apertures 52, another set of blind apertures is drilled into the
jaw bone 10 in properly located positions to receive the locking
pins 18 of the staple 14.
As also previously described, the radial slot 54 provided at the
rear of the drill guide member 48 on the lower arm 38 of the drill
guide assembly which intersects all of the apertures 50 and 52 on
the drill guide member, provides for dispersion of powdered bone
material and bone chips resulting from the drilling operation
through the jaw bone 10, outwardly of the drill guide member so as
not to accumulate and clog the apertures.
Once all the apertures have been drilled through the jaw bone at
their preselected accurate locations, the drill guide assembly 32
is removed from the jaw bone and the staple 14 is properly attached
by means of the drilled apertures in the jaw bone. The bio-ceramic
coated staple 14 is assembled to the jaw bone from underneath, such
that the opposed outer end securing rods 24-26 extend through the
outer-most drilled bores in the jaw bone and the intermediate
locator and locking pins 18-22 extend into their respective
properly drilled blind apertures. The staple 14 must be hammered in
place, which is done by using a non-metallic mallet or the like,
preferably made of Teflon or other similar material. If a metal
tool would be used in hammering the bio-ceramic coated staple 14 in
place, molecules of a different metal would be implanted in the
staple, which can cause undesirable tissue reaction.
After the staple 14 has been properly attached to the jaw bone 10,
the securing nuts 28 are threaded over the outwardly extending free
ends of the opposite securing rods 24-26 and are threaded
downwardly into engagement with the upper surface of the jaw bone
10. Thereafter, the free ends of the securing rods 24-26
immediately above the threaded-down nuts 28, are cut away and
disposed of. The cut off ends above the nuts 28 will then be
smoothed and quick curing plastic is placed in the vertical slots
of the nuts as to securely stake the nuts against loosening.
Thereafter, the spanner 30 is put in place, which, as described,
has socketed ends corresponding to the cross-sectional shape of the
nuts 28. The dental appliance 12 is then placed on the jaw bone in
such fashion that the nuts 28 are in alignment with undercut
apertures privously provided in the dental appliance, to thus
anchor the dental appliance against accidental displacement with
respect to the jaw bone 10.
After the staple 14 has been in place for a certain time within the
jaw bone 10, the previously penetrated subcutaneous and bone tissue
around the locations of the apertures in the jaw bone, will grow
back into place and around the multiple locking and securing pins
of the staple 41 and eventually grow into the porous bio-ceramic
coating of the staple to homogeneously lock the staple to the jaw
bone.
As previously explained, the bio-ceramic coating with which the
staple 14 is provided, (which itself is preferably made of a
stainless steel alloy) aside from the interlocking ability by the
tissue of the jaw bone, effectively prevents deterioration of the
jaw bone structure.
Thus, it will be obvious from the foregoing description in
connection with the appended drawings, that there is herein
provided an improved mandibular drill guide and an improved
mandibular staple for securement of a dental appliance on the lower
jaw bone of a patient.
The improvement herein provides for an improved drill guide which
is curvilinearly shaped in correspondence with the curvature of the
front end of the jaw bone and the staple is provided with a
plurality of locking and fastening pins, similarly arranged along a
curvilinear line to fit the curvilinear shape of the jaw bone. The
mandibular drill guide of the present invention further provides
improved locator pin arrangements which are pivotally supported for
opposite reciprocating movement to accommodate irregular surface
conditions of the mandibular jaw bone.
Although the present invention has been described in connection
with a preferred embodiment, it will be obvious to those skilled in
the art to which the invention pertains that various changes in
arrangement and detail may be asserted to without departing from
the characteristic and spirit of the invention as defined by the
following claims.
* * * * *