U.S. patent number 3,663,928 [Application Number 05/001,828] was granted by the patent office on 1972-05-16 for electrical bushing assembly.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Westinghouse Electric Corporation. Invention is credited to August I. Keto, Kenneth R. Klein.
United States Patent |
3,663,928 |
Keto , et al. |
May 16, 1972 |
ELECTRICAL BUSHING ASSEMBLY
Abstract
A load break bushing assembly for receiving a plug-in cable
connector or termination. The bushing assembly includes an
insulating body member, a conductive sleeve member, a replaceable
contact disposed within the conductive sleeve member, and an arc
confining and extinguishing member. In one embodiment of the
invention a protective tube is disposed to span the contact and arc
confining and extinguishing member, to protect the conductive
sleeve member from arcing by-products and maintain the replaceable
characteristic of the contact. The conductive sleeve member has a
chamber sealed at one end with a terminal stud, with this chamber
functioning as a gas surge expansion chamber when the plug-in cable
connector is operated to make or break load current, making it
unnecessary to vent the load break bushing into the enclosure of
its associated apparatus.
Inventors: |
Keto; August I. (Sharpsville,
PA), Klein; Kenneth R. (Niles, OH) |
Assignee: |
Westinghouse Electric
Corporation (Pittsburgh, PA)
|
Family
ID: |
21698020 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/001,828 |
Filed: |
January 9, 1970 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
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771707 |
Oct 30, 1968 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
439/184;
174/152R; 439/894 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01B
17/306 (20130101); H01H 9/085 (20130101); H01R
13/53 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H01B
17/26 (20060101); H01B 17/30 (20060101); H01H
9/08 (20060101); H01H 9/00 (20060101); H01R
13/53 (20060101); H01r 013/52 () |
Field of
Search: |
;339/111,278
;200/144.1,149.1 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Moore; Richard E.
Parent Case Text
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No.
771,707, filed Oct. 30, 1968, now abandoned which is assigned to
the same assignee as the present application.
Claims
We Claim As Our Invention:
1. A load break bushing assembly adapted to receive a plug-in cable
connector, comprising:
an insulating body member,
a conductive sleeve member disposed in said body member, said
conductive sleeve member having first and second ends, and an
aperture which extends between its ends,
a contact member removably disposed in said conductive sleeve
member, said contact member having a terminal disposed near the
first end of the conductive sleeve member which is adapted to
contact the conductor of the plug-in connector,
a second terminal disposed at the second end of the conductive
sleeve member, said second terminal sealing the second end of the
conductive sleeve member to provide a surge chamber within the
conductive sleeve member for the expansion of gases when the
plug-in connector is assembled with the load break bushing
assembly,
an arc confining and extinguishing member disposed to surround an
arc formed between said contact member and the conductor of the
plug-in connector,
and a tubular protective member removably disposed about the
terminal of said contact member and a portion of said arc confining
and extinguishing member, said tubular protective member
maintaining the removable characteristic of said contact member by
absorbing energy from an arc, and protecting said conductive sleeve
member from arc produced contact splatter.
2. The load break bushing assembly of claim 1 wherein the surge
chamber has a longitudinal dimension in the range from about 1 inch
to 4 inches.
3. A load break bushing assembly adapted to receive a plug-in cable
connector, comprising:
an insulating body member,
a conductive sleeve member disposed in said body member,
a contact member removably disposed in said conductive sleeve
member, said contact member having a terminal adapted to contact
the conductor of the plug-in connector,
an arc confining and extinguishing member disposed to surround an
arc formed between said contact member and the conductor of the
plug-in connector,
and a tubular protective member removably disposed about the
terminal of said contact member and a portion of said arc confining
and extinguishing member, said tubular protective member
maintaining the removable characteristic of said contact member by
absorbing energy from an arc, and protecting said conductive sleeve
member from arc produced contact splatter,
said insulating body member being cast of a resinous insulation
system which includes finely divided inorganic filler means
selected to substantially match the coefficient of thermal
expansion of the cast resinous insulation system with that of the
conductive sleeve member.
4. The load break bushing assembly of claim 3 wherein the cast
resinous insulation system includes an epoxy resin.
5. A load break bushing assembly adapted to receive a plug-in cable
connector, comprising:
an elongated body member formed of a cast resinous insulation
system, said body member having first and second ends and an
aperture which extends between its ends, said cast resinous
insulation system including an epoxy resin and filler means, said
filler means being selected to substantially match the coefficient
of thermal expansion of the cast resinous insulation system to that
of the tubular conductive member,
a tubular conductive member having first and second ends and an
aperture which extends between its ends, said tubular conductive
member being disposed in the aperture of said body member with its
first end spaced from the first end of said body member, and its
second end located substantially adjacent the second end of said
body member,
a contact member having first and second ends, and a pressure
terminal disposed at its first end, said contact member being
removably disposed in the aperture of said tubular conductive
member, with its pressure terminal being spaced form the wall of
the aperture,
an arc confining and extinguishing member removably disposed in the
aperture of said insulating body member at its first end, having a
cylindrical projection disposed within and spaced from the wall of
the aperture, which extends toward the terminal of said contact
member, providing a maximum distance between the arc confining and
extinguishing member and contact member of 0.063 inches.
6. A load break bushing assembly adapted to receive a plug-in cable
connector, comprising:
an elongated body member formed of a cast resinous insulation
system, said body member having first and second ends and an
aperture which extends between its ends,
a tubular conductive member having first and second ends and an
aperture which extends between its ends, said tubular conductive
member being disposed in the aperture of said body member with its
first end spaced from the first end of said body member, and its
second end located substantially adjacent the second end of said
body member,
a contact member having a pressure terminal disposed at one end
thereof, said contact member being removably disposed in the
aperture of said tubular conductive member, with its pressure
terminal being spaced from the wall of the aperture,
an arc confining and extinguishing member removably disposed in the
aperture of said insulating body member at its first end, having a
cylindrical projection disposed within and spaced from the wall of
the aperture, which extends toward the pressure terminal of said
contact member,
and a terminal stud disposed in the aperture of said tubular
conductive member at its second end, sealing the second end of the
aperture to provide a gas expansion chamber within said tubular
conductive member for containing gas generated when a plug-in cable
connector is assembled with the load break bushing assembly, said
gas expansion chamber having a maximum longitudinal dimension of 4
inches,
and a tubular protective member removably disposed in the aperture
of the tubular conductive member, about at least a portion of the
cylindrical projection of the arc confining and extinguishing
member and at least a portion of the pressure terminal of the
contact member, to protect the tubular conductive member from
arcing by-products produced by an arc between the pressure terminal
and the conductor of a plug-in cable connector.
7. The load break bushing assembly of claim 6 wherein the tubular
protective member is formed of an electrical insulating
material.
8. The load break bushing assembly of claim 6 wherein the tubular
protective member is metallic.
9. A load break bushing assembly adapted to receive a plug-in cable
connector, comprising:
an elongated body member formed of a cast resinous insulation
system, said body member having first and second ends and an
aperture which extends between its ends,
a tubular conductive member having first and second ends and an
aperture which extends between its ends, said tubular conductive
member being disposed in the aperture of said body member with its
first end spaced from the first end of said body member, and its
second end located substantially adjacent the second end of said
body member,
a contact member having a pressure terminal disposed at one end
thereof, said contact member being removably disposed in the
aperture of said tubular conductive member, with its pressure
terminal being spaced from the wall of the aperture,
an arc confining and extinguishing member removably disposed in the
aperture of said insulating body member at its first end, having a
cylindrical projection disposed within and spaced from the wall of
the aperture, which extends toward the pressure terminal of said
contact member,
and a terminal stud disposed in the aperture of said tubular
conductive member at its second end, sealing the second end of the
aperture to provide a gas expansion chamber within said tubular
conductive member for containing gas generated when a plug-in cable
connector is assembled with the load break bushing assembly, said
gas expansion chamber having a longitudinal dimension in the range
of 1 inch to 4 inches.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates in general to electrical bushing assemblies,
and more specifically to bushing assemblies having load bread, load
make, and fault close-in capabilities, of the type adapted for
coupling with a plug-in cable termination.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The large increase in underground distribution of electrical power
for residential usage has resulted in the development of dead
front, plug-in type cable connectors, including shielded cable
terminations and bushing assemblies. These plug-in cable
terminations and bushing assemblies enable the high voltage
shielded cables of the electrical distribution system to be quickly
connected to, or disconnected from, electrical apparatus such as
distribution transformers and circuit interrupters or switches. The
early plug-in cable connectors were non-load break devices, with
load break capability being supplied by auxiliary load break
switches. While load break switches are acceptable functionally,
they add to the cost of the underground distribution system, and
thus it would be desirable to provide a plug-in type bushing
assembly which has load break capability. The term "load break
capability", as used in this specification, also signifies load
make and fault close-in capabilities.
To provide a plug-in type bushing assembly with load break
capability, and also fault close-in capability, the arc drawn upon
breaking the load must be quickly and effectively extinguished, and
the arc and the gas pressures created when coupling the connector
portions while a fault exists must be contained without
catastrophic damage to the apparatus and without hazard to
operating personnel. Since plug-in load break connectors of this
type are used on systems with current limiting protection, such as
fuses or breakers, between the cable termination and the high
voltage supply feeder, the fault close-in requirements of the
bushing assembly may be predetermined.
Since disconnecting the cable termination from the load break
bushing assembly when a load is connected to the bushing assembly
will draw an arc, the bushing contact should be easily replaceable,
as repeated operations to make and break load current will wear the
contacts and eventually destroy their usefulness. It is not
sufficient, however, to construct the plug-in bushing assembly such
that a new contact may be inserted and a new contact removed. It is
critical that the contact be removable after pitting and eroding
due to load interruption, or due to a fault close-in, and it must
be removable in either event without impairing the bushin's ability
to accept a new contact.
Plugging a cable termination into a load break bushing assembly
which has a fault in the connected load creates arcing and hot
ionized gases. Thus, it is also critical that the bushing be
constructed of a strong, tough insulating material which will not
crack or fly apart due to the expansion of these gases. Further, it
is important that the hot ionized gases be retained by the bushing
assembly, at least until they are cooled and partially condensed.
If the ionized gases are allowed to escape from the bushing
assembly, they may envelope a live part and ground, allowing a
flashover to occur. Thus, the gases should not be allowed to escape
from the bushing assembly into the associated electrical apparatus,
as a flashover may occur, and the condensation products, including
metallic vapors from the contacts, may reduce the insulating value
of the fluid dielectric disposed in the casing or enclosure of the
apparatus. Further, the gases should not escape to the atmosphere
until they have been sufficiently cooled and deionized.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Briefly, the invention is a new and improved plug-in type bushing
assembly which has load make and break and fault close-in
capabilities. The bushing assembly includes an insulating body
member formed of a rigid, solid resinous insulation system, which
is strong, tough, and crack resistant. An electrically conductive
sleeve member, having first and second ends and an aperture which
extends between its ends, is disposed in the insulating body
member. The conductive sleeve member is sealed at its second end by
a terminal stud, and is internally threaded adjacent its first end.
A replaceable contact member having a pressure terminal disposed at
one end thereof is threadably inserted into the first end of the
conductive sleeve member, and an arc confining and extinguishing
member is also threadably secured to the first end of the
conductive sleeve member, longitudinally spaced a predetermined
dimension from the pressure terminal of the contact member. In one
embodiment of the invention, a protective tube is disposed to span
and encircle both the pressure terminal of the replaceable contact
member, and a portion of the arc extinguishing member, to prevent
contact splatter, due to arcing, from coming into contact with and
fouling the threads, to thus maintain the replaceable
characteristic of the contact member. In another embodiment, the
protective tube is eliminated by extending the arc confining and
extinguishing member until it is in contact with, or substantially
in contact with, the pressure terminal. The aperture of the
conductive sleeve member forms a surge expansion chamber for
containing ionized gases generated during a fault close-in of a
plug-in cable termination with the load break bushing assembly.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Further advantages and uses of the invention will become more
apparent when considered in view of the following detailed
description or exemplary embodiments thereof, taken with the
accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is an elevational view, partially in section of a plug-in
type bushing assembly having a load bread and fault close-in
capabilities, constructed according to the teachings of the
invention;
FIG. 1A is a fragmentary view of the bushing assembly shown in FIG.
1, modified according to another embodiment of the invention;
and
FIG. 2 is a plan view of the bushing assembly shown in FIG. 1.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring now to the drawings, FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate elevational
and plan views, respectively, of an electrical bushing assembly 10
constructed according to the teachings of the invention. FIG. 1
illustrates bushing assembly 10 partially in section, in order to
more clearly illustrate its component parts and their cooperative
assembly.
More specifically, bushing assembly 10 is of the plug-in type,
having a projection 12 adapted to receive a cable termination.
Since suitable plug-in cable terminations are well known in the
art, the cable termination for connecting a high voltage circuit to
bushing assembly 10 is not shown.
Bushing assembly 10 includes a substantially cylindrical, elongated
body member 14 formed of a cast, rigid solid insulation system, a
conductive sleeve or tubular member 16, a terminal stud 18, a
replaceable contact member 20, and arc confining and extinguishing
member 22, a tubular protective member 24, and a metallic mounting
ring 26.
The body member 14 has first and second ends 28 and 30,
respectively, with an aperture 32 extending between its ends. Body
member 14 may be cast of any suitable resinous insulation system
which possesses the following characteristics. It must be a good
electrical insulator, it must be weather resistant, crack
resistant, rigid but not brittle, it must possess a high physical
strength at ambient and elevated temperatures, and it must have a
coefficient of thermal expansion which closely matches the
coefficient of the thermal expansion of the tubular conductive
member 16. Body member 14 is preferably cast, instead of molded,
because of the superior strength of cast resinous insulation
systems over molded systems. In general, the filled epoxy cast
resin systems will provide the desired characteristics, with the
filler being selected to match the coefficient of thermal expansion
of the filled resin system to that of the metallic conductor or
insert. A finely divided filler formed of beryllium aluminum
silicate has been found to be excellent in matching the coefficient
of thermal expansion of the filled epoxy resin system to copper,
but other fillers may be used, such as quartz or silica. For 7,200
volt applications where the encased end of a bushing assembly is
disposed in oil, or other insulating dielectric fluid, fillers for
providing arc and track resistance are not required. If the encased
end is to be operated in air, finely divided alumina trihydrate
(Al.sub.2 O.sub.3.sup.. 3H.sub.2 O) may be added to obtain the
desired arc and track resistance.
Conductive sleeve member 16 is preferably formed of a thin wall
tube, constructed of a good electrical conductor, such as copper,
with the tube having first and second ends 34 and 36, respectively,
and an aperture 38. The aperture 38 has a uniform diameter except
for a shoulder or step 40 which reduces the diameter of the
aperture for a short longitudinal dimension, at a predetermined
location intermediate the first and second ends 34 and 36,
respectively, of the conductive sleeve member 16.
The wall of the aperture 38 is threaded, starting at the first end
34 of the conductive sleeve member 16 and extending to the location
of shoulder 40. As illustrated in FIG. 1, when using a thin wall
tube, the threads 42 in the inner diameter of the conductive sleeve
member 16 may be obtained by rolling threads 44 on the outside
surface of the tube 16.
The second end 36 of conductive sleeve or tube member 16 is
hermetically sealed with a terminal stud 18, which is also formed
of copper, or other good electrical conductor, and is adapted for
connection to encase electrical apparatus, such as the high voltage
winding of a distribution transformer. Terminal stud 18 includes a
portion 46 having a diameter selected to snugly fit the diameter of
aperture 38 of the conductive sleeve member 16, with portion 46
being secured within the aperture 38 such as by silver solder bead
48, which electrically connects terminal stud 18 to conductive
sleeve member 16, and also hermetically seals end 36 of conductive
sleeve member 16. Portion 46 of terminal stud member 18 also
includes an outwardly extending portion 50 which is adapted to
receive an electrical lead and fastening means, such as a nut.
As illustrated in FIG. 1, conductive sleeve member 16 is sealingly
disposed in the aperture 32 of body member 12, with its first end
34 starting within the aperture 32 a predetermined dimension from
the first end 28 of body member 14, and with its second end 36
being substantially aligned with the second end 30 of body member
14.
As will be hereinafter explained, the conductive sleeve member 16
is disposed within the casting mold and then the body member 14 is
cast, to provide a seal between aperture 32 of body member 12 and
the outer surface of conductive sleeve member 16.
The metallic mounting ring member 26 includes a flange portion 52
which is embedded within the cast body portion 14, an outwardly
extending disc or ring portion 54, and a plurality of spaced
extensions 56, 58, 60 and 62, which, along with the flange portion
52, extend toward the first end 28 of body member 14, and which
have openings for receiving clips disposed on the cable
termination, to mechanically secure the cable termination in
assembled relation with bushing assembly 10.
The embedded flange 52 of mounting ring member 26 extends upwardly
from the disc or ring portion 54, toward the first end 28 of body
member 14, forming a smooth cylindrical surface coaxial with the
axis of the conductive sleeve member 16. The flange portion 52 may
be of any suitable longitudinal length, and in addition to
providing a strong mechanical bond with the body member 14, it also
functions as a ground shield, as it provides a smooth equipotential
surface which is connected to the metallic casing or enclosure of
its associated apparatus.
Mounting ring member may be formed of any suitable material, such
as steel, and it may be welded to the casing of the associated
electrical apparatus. For example, bushing assembly 10 may be
inserted into an opening 64 in a metallic casing 66, with the ring
portion 54 of the mounting ring member 26 resting against casing
66. The mounting ring member 26 may then be welded to the casing
66, as illustrated by the welding bead 67. Or, if it is not
desirable to permanently mount the bushing within an opening of its
associated apparatus, a gasket member (not shown) may be disposed
between portion 54 of mounting member 26, and the casing 66, and
the bushing assembly 10 secured in place by a conventional spring
and flange assembly (not shown), disposed on the encased end of the
bushing assembly 10. The circumferential groove 68 in body member
12 receives the spring member of the spring and flange type
mounting means.
Thus, if forming body member 14 of bushing assembly 10, it is
necessary to properly position the conductive sleeve member 16 and
mounting ring member 26 within the casting mold, prior to the
introduction of the casting resin system. In order to preclude an
air leak between the inside of casing 66 and the atmosphere, about
the embedded portion of the mounting ring member 26, due to
non-adhesion of the cast resin system to the embedded portion of
the mounting ring member 26 which may develop due to the welding
heat if the ring member is welded to the casing 66, or due to
differences in the coefficients of thermal expansion of mounting
ring member 26 and the cast body member 12, a coating 70 of a
resilient, elastomeric temperature resistant material may be
disposed on the flange 52. For example, a single brush coat of a
silicon type elastomer may be disposed on the flange 52 prior to
introducing the casting resin into the mold. This material will
adhere to the flange 52 and also to the cast resin system,
providing a hermetic seal between the mounting ring member 26 and
cast body portion 14.
A coating 72 of material similar to the material of coating 70, may
be disposed about the conductive sleeve member 16 for a
predetermined longitudinal dimension, prior to its being embedded
in the body member 14, in order to insure that an oil seal has been
obtained between the conductive sleeve member 16 and body member
12. The external threads 44, if provided, on the conductive tube
member 16 will aid in obtaining a good air tight bond, but it has
been found that when the encased end is disposed in oil, that oil
may be forced between the conductive tube member 16 and body member
14 due to capillary action, even when air cannot be forced through
the same path. Thus, coating 72 is additional protection against
this occurrence. An elastomer ring disposed about conductive sleeve
member 16 and embedded in the body member 12 could also be used to
provide the seal, instead of coating 72. An elastomer ring could
also be used in place of coating 70 on mounting ring member 26, by
disposing the elastomer ring about the upwardingly extending
portion of flange 52.
In casting body member 12, it is very important that the projection
12 of body member 14 be formed without a parting line. A parting
line from the mold may score the inner wall of the elastomeric
housing of the plug-in cable termination which snugly encompasses
projection 12, and also a sharp parting line would cause electrical
stress concentrations which may approach or exceed the corona
point. The parting line may be eliminated between the first end 28
of body member 14 and shoulder 80, with shoulder 80 being the stop
for the plug-in cable termination, by using an auxiliary mold
member. The auxiliary mold member is shaped to form the length of
the inside diameter of aperture 32 which starts at the first end 28
of body member 14 and extends to the first end 34 of conductive
sleeve member 16, and it also forms the outside diameter of the
projection 12 of body member 14. Thus, the mounting ring 26 and
conductive sleeve member 16 are disposed within the mold, and the
auxiliary mold member is disposed on the first end 34 of the
conductive sleeve member 16. The fluid casting insulation system
forms the projection 12 by flowing upwardly to fill the cavity
between the circumferentially continuous auxiliary mold member and
the conductive sleeve member 16. The fluid casting insulation
system is then gelled and cured to a high strength solid.
Bushing assembly 10 thus includes a body member 14, a mounting ring
26, a conductive sleeve member 16, and a terminal stud member 18,
which components are permanently assembled. The remaining
components, i.e., contact member 20, arc confining and
extinguishing member 22, and tubular member 24 are all
replaceable.
Contact member 20 is formed of a tubular conductor, such as copper,
having an externally threaded portion 82 sized to cooperate with
the threads 42 on the inside diameter of conductive sleeve member
16, and a pressure terminal portion 84 which has an outside
diameter which is slightly smaller than the inside diameter of the
conductive sleeve member 16, to provide a predetermined space
between the pressure terminal portion 84 and conductive sleeve
member 16 when the threaded portion 82 is threadably engaged with
the conductive sleeve member 16. Contact member 20 is inserted into
the conductive sleeve member and turned, using a tool designed for
this purpose, until the end of the threaded portion is turned
tightly against shoulder 40, to provide good electrical contact
between the contact member 20 and the conductive sleeve member 16.
A sealant and lubricant, such as silicon grease, may be disposed on
contact member 20 prior to assembly with the conductive sleeve
member 16, to enhance the assembly of the components. Advancing
contact member 20 into firm contact with shoulder 40 enables an
excellent electrical contact to be established, forcing the sealant
and lubricant from between the contact points.
The pressure terminal portion 84 of contact member 20 may be
longitudinally slotted to provide a plurality of upwardly extending
finger portions, such as fingers 83 and 85, which extend toward the
first end 34 of conductive sleeve member 16 when assembled
therewith, with the outside diameter of the pressure terminal
portion 84 being reduced near its extreme end to receive a spring
member 86 which is circumferentially disposed about the finger
portions to maintain the desired inside diameter of the opening in
the contact member 20, and provide a good tight electrical
connection between the fingers and the electrical contact of the
cable termination, when the electrical contact of the cable
termination extends into the opening defined by the inside surfaces
of the contact fingers.
After contact member 20 has been snugly turned into place within
conductive sleeve member 16, with its extreme leading end disposed
against shoulder 40, the protective tube member 24 is disposed
within aperture 38 of conductive sleeve member 16, and telescoped
over the pressure terminal portion 84 of the contact member 20. The
outside diameter of tubular member 24 should be selected to enable
it to be easily slipped into aperture 38 of conductive sleeve
member 16, and its inside diameter should be selected to allow it
to slip over the largest outer diameter of the pressure terminal
portion 84 of contact member 20. The wall thickness of the tubular
member 24 is also important, as will be hereinafter explained.
Thus, the space between the pressure terminal 84 and inside
diameter of conductive sleeve member 16 should be selected to
provide space for the required wall thickness of the insulating
tube member 24.
The longitudinal location of the tube member 24 is also critical.
It should be longitudinally located such that it surrounds at least
a portion of pressure terminal 84, and it should extend upwardly
from pressure terminal 84 towards the first end 34 of conductive
sleeve member 16, past the ends of the contact fingers of the
pressure terminal 84, by a predetermined dimension. The main
function of tubular member 24 is to protect the threads 42 on the
inside diameter of conductive sleeve member 16 from contact
splatter when an arc is drawn between the contact fingers of the
pressure terminal portion 84 of contact member 20 and the conductor
of the cable termination. Thus, the material of which the
protective tube 24 is formed must have special characteristics. It
must be able to withstand the temperature of the arc and also
molten metal from the contact member 20, without being destroyed. A
secondary function, but one which is also important, is to cool and
absorb energy from the arc. A material which has been found to be
excellent is polytetrafluoroethylene.
As hereinbefore stated, the wall thickness of tubular insulating
member 24 is important. It is important in that it must not be too
thin. For example, when using a tubular member formed of
polytetrafluoroethylene, a tube having a wall thickness of 14 mils
was damaged extensively by the arc drawn between the conductor of
the cable terminator and the ends of the contact fingers, while a
tube formed of the same material having a wall thickness of 25 mils
performed successfully. Other insulating materials which may be
used for tubular member 24 are the polyamide-imide materials, such
as an aromatic polyimide, or an amide-modified polyimide. Examples
of these materials are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,179,630
through 3,179,635, with the last patent of this series being
assigned to the same assignee as the present application. The
protective tube 24 may also be formed of electrically conductive
materials which have a high melting temperature and high
temperature of vaporization, such as molybdenum or tungsten.
The arc confining and extinguishing member 22 is a tubular member
formed of a material which evolves a volume of gas when subject to
the heat of an arc, with the gas having a deionizing effect on the
arc, which, along with gas-blast effect, will promptly extinguish
an arc drawn between the contact fingers of the pressure terminal
84 and the conductor of a cable termination. Arc confining and
extinguishing member 22 has first and second ends 90 and 92,
respectively, with the surface 94 adjacent its second end 92 having
an outside diameter sized to extend into the tubular member 24, and
terminate a predetermined small dimension from the ends of the
contact fingers on the pressure terminal 84. In other words, the
tubular member 24 spans or bridges the adjacent ends of the arc
confining and extinguishing member 22 and the contact member 20, to
prevent arc by-products, such as molten metal contact splatter,
from coming into contact with the internal threads 42 of conductive
sleeve member 16.
The arc confining and extinguishing member 22 then steps outwardly
from surface 94, to a surface 96 which is threaded to cooperate
with the internal threads 42 of conductive sleeve member 16. After
clearing the first end 34 of conductive sleeve member 16, the arc
confining and extinguishing member 22 again steps outwardly to a
surface 98 which snugly fits the aperture 32 of insulating body
member 14. The arc confining and extinguishing member 22 again
steps outwardly at the first end 28 of body member 14, providing a
shoulder 100 which rests against the first end 28 of body member
14, to limit the travel of member 22 and properly locate its inner
end 92 within insulating tube 24, and adjacent the pressure
terminal portion 84 of contact member 20. The outer surface of
member 22 may then flare smoothly outward from shoulder 100, and
provide a smooth radius into its outer end 90, for receiving and
cooperating with a plug-in cable termination.
The arc confining and arc extinguishing member 22 may be formed of
a high molecular weight polyoxylmethylene. The arc interrupting
characteristics of this material are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.
3,059,081, which is assigned to the same assignee as the present
application. U.S. Pat. No. 3,027,352 discloses other materials
related structurally to polyoxylmethylene, which may also be
used.
A sealant and lubricant, such as a silicon grease, should be used
to insert member 22 into cooperative engagement with conductive
sleeve member 16, to seal the small clearance between member 22 and
the adjacent inner wall of the insulating body member 14 to prevent
an arc from following this path to the outside surface of the
bushing member 14, where it may proceed over the outer surface of
the bushing to ground.
FIG. 1A is a fragmentary view of bushing 10 shown in FIG. 1,
constructed according to another embodiment of the invention. Like
reference numerals in FIGS. 1 and 1A indicate like components. In
this embodiment, the protective tube 24 is eliminated, with the
internal threads of conductive sleeve member 16 being protected by
reducing the longitudinal spacing 91 between the adjacent ends of
the arc confining and extinguishing member 22 and contact member
20. It has been found that by reducing the spacing 91 between the
adjacent ends of these members to about 0.063 inches or less, with
the minumum being no space, that the arc and its by products are
confined within the apertures of members 22 and 20, protecting the
inner wall of conductive sleeve member 16 from damage. Thus, the
removable characteristics of terminal 20 are preserved.
In the operation of bushing assembly 10, the plug-in cable
termination should be coupled with bushing assembly 10 with a
positive action which will bring the conductor of the cable
termination into rapid, positive contact with the pressure terminal
84. If there is a fault in the apparatus of which bushing 10 is
associated, or in its connected load, ionized gases produced by the
resulting arc between the conductors of the plug-in cable
termination and the bushing will expand into the chamber 102.
Chamber 102, which is defined by the inside wall of conductive
sleeve member 16, it thus very important, as it provides space for
ionized gases to expand, cool and condense. Without this expansion
space, the expanding gases may force the plug-in cable termination
out of engagement with the bushing assembly 10, with possible
hazard to the operator. The surge or expansion chamber 102 also
makes it unnecessary to vent the ionized gases to the inside of
casing 66 through a pressure release seal. Thus, the desired
insulating level of the fluid dielectric disposed within casing 66
is maintained, and possible flashover within the casing from a live
part to ground is also precluded, since ionized gas is not released
to the inside of casing 66. The surge chamber 102 contains the
ionized gases until they partially condense and cool, to reduce
their pressure. Any elevated pressure within chamber 102 which
remains following a close-in in which ionized gases are produced is
inconsequential, as it will slowly equalize to atmospheric
pressure, through the small clearance between the plug-in cable
termination and the body member 14, and through the insulating body
portion of the plug-in cable termination.
It has been found that the longitudinal length dimension 103 of
surge chamber 102 is critical for proper operation of bushing 10,
and must be selected to be within a range of about 1 inch to 4
inches. The criticality of the length dimension of surge chamber
102 was observed while testing bushings for cover mounting, and
bushings for sidewall mounting, on distribution transformers. The
bushings for cover mounting are necessarily longer than the
bushings for wall mounting, as the former must extend through the
air space between the transformer oil level and cover resulting in
surge chamber length dimensions of about 6.5 inches, and 2.25
inches for the cover and sidewall bushings, respectively. During
quick make-break tests, the bushing with the 2.25 inch surge
chamber extinguished the arc drawn between the conductors of the
plug-in connector and bushing without re-ignition. During the quick
make-break tests on the bushings with the 6.5 inch surge chamber,
the arc was extinguished, but it re-ignited after about a 30 to 50
millisecond delay. Reducing the length of the 6.5 inch surge
chamber to 2.25 inches, by plugging the blind end of the 6.5 inch
surge chamber with a wood dowel, resulted in the bushing for cover
mounting passing the quick make-break test without re-ignition of
the arc.
Attempts to analyze this phenomenon, in order to develop an optimum
length dimension for the surge chamber, are complicated by the fact
that decoupling a plug-in cable connector and bushing produces two
different reactions. When the contacts of the plug-in connector and
bushing separate, a pressure wave is produced by the hot arc and
decomposing surfaces of the arc extinguishing members of the
plug-in connector and bushing. Also, as the close-fitting plug-in
connector is removed from the bushing, a vacuum is created,
lowering the pressure within the plug-in connector and bushing,
followed by a violent inrush of air as the vacuum is broken. These
two reactions make it difficult to determine if the criticality of
the surge chamber length is merely a matter of volume and pressure,
with the smaller surge chamber volume of the wall mounted bushing
building up a higher pressure, which higher pressure is required to
prevent re-ignition of the arc; or, whether the wavelength of the
shockwave generated by the arc and length of the surge chamber are
related such that with the longer surge chamber of the cover
mounted bushing an acoustic resonance or reflection is created
which lowers the pressure in the region where the arc may
restrike.
Regardless of the theory behind the phenomenon, if the surge
chamber 102 has a length dimension 103 which exceeds about 4
inches, the excess length should be filled with filler means 104,
as shown in FIG, 1. The filler means 104 should be added to provide
a longitudinal dimension 103 in the range of 1 inch to 4 inches,
and preferably about 2 inches to 2.5 inches. Filler means 104 may
be conductive, such as tightly packed aluminum or steel wool, or
non-conductive, such as an insulating dowel, or a resin system,
such as an epoxy resin.
If the fault in the load upon closing or coupling a cable
termination with bushing assembly 10 is of sufficient magnitude,
i.e., a low impedance fault, the protective current limiting means,
such as fuses or breakers, in the high voltage cable feeder will
clear the circuit and limit the maximum current magnitude. Also, if
a fault occurs after the plug-in cable termination is coupled with
bushing assembly 10, the protective current limiting means will
clear the circuit and thus there will be no danger to an operator
when the cable termination is removed from the bushing assembly 10.
If the plug-in cable termination is decoupled from the bushing
assembly 10 during normal load conditions, for example up to 200
amperes in a 7,200 volt circuit, an arc will be drawn between the
ends of the contact fingers of the pressure terminal 84 and the
terminal of the plug-in termination, which draws the arc into the
arc confining and extinguishing member 22. The arc heat will
liberate deionizing gases from member 22, with the gases deionizing
and blasting the arc to effect an early extinction thereof. Tests
have shown that the arc drawn in a 7,200 volt circuit in which a
load current of 200 amperes is flowing is extinguished within
one-half to one cycle.
If the plug-in cable termination is of the type which terminates
the cable shield, with the ground return conductors of the cable
being twisted together and connected to a suitable terminal on the
casing 66, and corona extinction voltage within system requirements
is obtained, the bushing assembly 10 will not require means for
continuing the cable shield to the casing. If the plug-in cable
termination is of he type which requires the bushing to continue
the cable shield to the casing 66, a metallic coating 110, such as
sprayed aluminum, may be disposed about the body member 14,
starting between the shoulder 80 and mounting ring member 26, and
continuing to the groove 68 in the body member 14.
In summary, there has been disclosed a new and improved load break
bushing assembly adapted for coupling with a plug-in cable
termination, with the parts which are subject to deterioration
through repeated circuit interruptions, such as the contacts and
arc extinguishing member, being easily replaceable. Further, the
replaceable characteristic of these components is not impaired by
contact splatter from the contacts, as in one embodiment of the
invention a protective tube protects the threads form the contact
splatter, and also absorbs energy from the arc which aids in
cooling, deionizing and extinguishing the arc, and in another
embodiment the threads are protected by the pressure terminal and
arc extinguishing member. Still further, the load break bushing
assembly may be safely coupled to an energizer cable termination
when the bushing assembly is connected to a load, and the load
break bushing assembly may be connected to an energized cable
termination when a fault of predetermined maximum magnitude exists
in the load connected to the bushing assembly 10. The magnitude of
the fault current is limited to a predetermined maximum magnitude
by current limiting means associated with the primary supply
circuit. The hot ionized gases produced when closing or coupling
bushing assembly 10 with a cable termination due to a fault in the
load connected to the bushing assembly, expand into a surge chamber
formed in the conductive sleeve member, with the gases cooling and
condensing within this chamber. Thus, it is unnecessary to vent
these hot ionized gases into the enclosure of the associated
electrical apparatus through a pressure release seal. Therefore,
bushing assembly 10 will continue to provide service without
requiring the whole bushing assembly to be replaced, as the arc
quenching tube and contacts of a bushing assembly are easily
replaceable, and there are no pressure release seals which tend to
deteriorate with time. Further, the bushing assembly 10 is of
simple, rugged construction which will provide the required load
break and fault close-in functions without cracking or flying
apart, and the bushing assembly 10 may be manufactured for a
relatively low cost.
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