U.S. patent number 3,662,939 [Application Number 05/014,614] was granted by the patent office on 1972-05-16 for surgical stapler for skin and fascia.
This patent grant is currently assigned to United States Surgical Corporation. Invention is credited to Graham W. Bryan.
United States Patent |
3,662,939 |
Bryan |
May 16, 1972 |
SURGICAL STAPLER FOR SKIN AND FASCIA
Abstract
An instrument for applying surgical staples to effect the
joining of disunited skin or fascia. The instrument of the present
invention is powered by a gas under pressure originating from a gas
filled tank, positioned within a housing and adapted to ensure that
the introduction of the tank and removal thereof may be easily and
quietly accomplished without danger of injury to the operator. The
surgical staples are carried in one of two types of cartridge
assemblies, the first and smaller being designed for the
application of staples to external skin and the second and larger
being designed for the application of staples to the more tender
internal fascia. The cartridge is held in the body of the
instrument by means of a spring which greatly facilitates the
introduction of the cartridge. The instrument is further provided
with means for preventing more than one driving operation per
trigger activation, means for returning the staple-driving
mechanisms to their pre-stapling positions, and a novel power unit.
Staple cartridges are also disclosed which ensure proper initial
phasing between staple-advancing screws, proper alignment of the
screws before insertion into the instrument, and means for
preventing accidental ejection of staples during transit.
Inventors: |
Bryan; Graham W. (Ridgefield,
CT) |
Assignee: |
United States Surgical
Corporation (Baltimore, MD)
|
Family
ID: |
21766549 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/014,614 |
Filed: |
February 26, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
227/19; 227/130;
227/109 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61B
17/0684 (20130101); A61B 2017/00544 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61B
17/068 (20060101); A61B 17/00 (20060101); B25c
005/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;227/19,83,88,107,108,109,112,120,130 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Custer, Jr.; Granville Y.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A staple-ejecting cartridge for carrying a plurality of staples
and adapted to be mounted in a surgical instrument for stapling
external skin or internal fascia, the cartridge comprising: an
elongated main body having a forward end and a rearward end; first
and second threaded screws extending substantially from the forward
end to the rearward end of said main body, the end of each of said
screws nearest the rear of said elongated body terminating in a
flat extension; said main body adapted to house a plurality of
U-shaped staples the crosspieces of which extend from one screw to
the other and the prongs of which face the forward end of the main
body, the crosspieces of said staples riding in the threads of said
screws so as to be advanced by the rotation of said screws; a cover
plate adjacent said staples and said screws for covering said
elongated main body; an anvil on the forward part of said cover
plate; a pusher element positioned intermediate said staples and
said cover plate for singly ejecting said staples from said
cartridge and for forming said staples around said anvil; and means
associated with said flat end portions of said screws for
maintaining alignment between said flat end portions until acted
upon by said surgical instrument.
2. The cartridge recited in claim 1, wherein said screws and said
staples are associated in such a manner that for each 360.degree.
turn of the screws, each staple is advanced and the forwardmost
staple is put in a position ready to be ejected from said
cartridge; and further comprising means to ensure that the
respective screws are in phase with one another.
3. The cartridge recited in claim 2, wherein said means for phasing
the screws comprise a flexible pin on each of said screws, and a
pair of depressions on the base of said main body, said pins and
said depressions being aligned and adapted to temporarily lock said
screws in phased position when said pins extend into said
depressions.
4. The cartridge recited in claim 1, and further comprising locking
means for maintaining said pusher element in a fixed position
within said cartridge when said cartridge is out of association
with said surgical instrument and adapted to release said pusher
element when the cartridge is mounted in said surgical stapling
instrument.
5. The cartridge recited in claim 4, wherein the rear portion of
said pusher element is provided with an opening and wherein said
locking means is adapted to engage said opening.
6. The cartridge defined in claim 5, wherein said locking means is
secured to the base of said elongated main body.
7. The cartridge defined in claim 5, wherein said locking means is
adapted to be forced out of engagement with the opening of said
pusher element when said pusher element is associated with the
driving member of said surgical stapler.
8. The cartridge defined in claim 1, wherein said means for
ensuring alignment between said screws comprises first and second
resilient members associated with the flat portions of the
respective screws, and adapted to resiliently maintain the flat
portions aligned with one another.
9. The cartridge described in claim 8, wherein said resilient
members are supported on the base of said elongated main body.
10. The cartridge defined in claim 8, wherein said first and second
resilient members are joined at one end and are mounted on the base
of said elongated main body, said resilient members being biased
toward the flat surfaces of said screws.
11. The cartridge defined in claim 10, wherein the common area
between said first and second resilient members is mounted on the
base near the rearwardmost region of said base.
12. The cartridge defined in claim 1, and further comprising a
protrusion on the bottom of said elongated main body at the forward
end thereof, said protrusion serving to prevent the backward
insertion of said cartridge into said surgical stapler.
13. A staple-ejecting cartridge for carrying a plurality of staples
and adapted to be mounted in a surgical instrument for joining
disunited portions of internal fascia, the cartridge comprising; an
elongated main body having a forward end and a rearward end; first
and second threaded screws housed within said main body, parallel
to one another and spaced a predetermined distance from one
another; said main body adapted to house a plurality of staples,
the cross-pieces of said staples extending from one screw to the
other and riding within the threads of said screws, and the prongs
of said staples facing the forward end of said main body; a cover
plate adjacent said staples and said screws for covering said main
body; an anvil on the forward part of said cover plate; a pusher
element intermediate said staples and said cover plate and adapted
to singly eject said staples from said cartridge and to form same
around said anvil; first and second coupling elements each being
associated with the rearwardmost portion of a respective screw, the
end of each of said coupling elements terminating in a flat
projection adapted to be engaged by the driving member of a
surgical instrument.
14. The cartridge defined in claim 13, wherein said anvil is
substantially of a width equal to the combined lengths of the
prongs of a staple so that the final shape of said staples takes
the form of a rectangle, one of the sides of which is defined by
the two prongs of a staple.
15. The cartridge defined in claim 13, wherein the flat regions of
said couplers are spaced apart a distance less than the space
between said screws.
16. The cartridge defined in claim 13, wherein the rearwardmost
portion of each of said screws terminates in a flat projection;
wherein the forwardmost portion of each coupler is adapted to
associate with a respective flat projection on a screw, thereby
being rotatably united with said screw; wherein the rearwardmost
portion of each of said couplers ends in a flat projection; and
wherein the space between the flat projections of said couplers is
less than the space between said screws.
17. The cartridge of claim 13, and further comprising means for
maintaining alignment between the flat projections on said
couplers.
18. The cartridge of claim 13, and further comprising means for
ensuring initial phase harmony between said screws.
19. The cartridge of claim 13, and further comprising means for
maintaining said pusher element within said cartridge, thereby
preventing the accidental discharge of a staple.
20. The cartridge of claim 13, and further comprising means for
preventing the backward insertion of said cartridge into a surgical
instrument.
21. A surgical stapling instrument for applying sterilized staples
to the disunited skin or fascia of a patient for effecting a
joining of the skin or fascia, the instrument adapted to associate
with an elongated staple-carrying cartridge having anvil means at
the forwardmost region thereof, house a to house plurality of
staples therein, the cross-bars of said staples being transverse to
the length of said cartridge and the points of said staples facing
said anvil means, a pusher element slidably mounted therein for
ejecting staples from said cartridge and for forming said staples
around said anvil means, and means for advancing said staples along
the length of said cartridge; the instrument comprising: a main
body portion; means for mounting said staple-carrying cartridge, at
its region remote from said anvil, on the main body portion; drive
shaft means to activate said staple-advancing means for driving the
staples toward said anvil means; pusher-activating means for
driving the pusher element forward to eject a staple from the
staple-carrying cartridge and to form said staple around said anvil
means; and spring-biasing means to urge said cartridge into a
locked position within said main body portion.
22. The instrument recited in claim 21, wherein said instrument is
powered by a gas under pressure, and further comprising: a housing
for a tank of pressurized gas, said housing having a stationary
wall and a moveable wall pivotable on said stationary wall; a
ring-like member on the end of one of said walls remote from the
pivot of said moveable walls; a bolt-like member on the other of
said walls adapted to fit within said ring-like member, thereby
locking said pivotable member to said stationary member; and means
associated with said bolt-like member for ensuring that the
pressurized tank of gas is totally inert before said pivotable
member is able to move with respect to said stationary member.
23. The instrument defined in claim 22, wherein said bolt-like
member is associated with a threaded screw controlling the position
of said bolt-like member with respect to said ring-like member.
24. The instrument recited in claim 23, wherein said ring-like
member is mounted on the stationary portion and the bolt-like
member is mounted on the pivotable portion; and wherein the
bolt-like member is associated with a threaded screw, the position
of said screw determining the relationship between said bolt-like
member and said ring-like member.
25. The invention recited in claim 22, wherein the forwardmost part
of said housing is adjacent the forwardmost part of said
pressurized gas tank, and further comprising: means adjacent the
forwardmost part of said pressurized gas tank for muffling the
sound associated with the expulsion of gas from the opened tank
when said tank is being removed.
26. The invention recited in claim 25, wherein said means for
muffling the sound is a metallic ring of sintered steel through
which the escaping gas must pass before exiting the instrument.
27. The instrument defined in claim 21, wherein said instrument is
powered by a gas under pressure, stored in a tank of pressurized
gas, and further comprising: a housing for said tank, the
forwardmost end of said housing comprising a piercing pin for
rupturing the seal at the forwardmost end of said tank; a spring
associating with the forwardmost end of said tank for biasing said
tank away from said piercing pin; and muffler means for quieting
the sound associated with the expulsion of said gas under pressure
from the rear end of said housing.
28. A surgical stapling instrument for applying sterilized staples
to the disunited skin or fascia of a patient for effecting a
joining of the skin or fascia, the instrument adapted to associate
with an elongated staple-carrying cartridge having an anvil at the
forwardmost region thereof, and adapted to house a plurality of
staples therein, the cross-bars of the staples being transverse to
the length of the cartridge and the points of the staples facing
the anvil, a pusher element slidably mounted therein for ejecting
staples from the cartridge and for forming the staples around the
anvil, and means for advancing the staples along the length of the
cartridge; the instrument comprising: a main body portion; means
for mounting said staple-carrying cartridge at its region remote
from said anvil on the main body portion; drive shaft means to
activate said staple-advancing means for driving the staples toward
said anvil means; pusher-activating means for driving the pusher
element forward to eject a staple from the staple-carrying
cartridge and to form said staple around said anvil means;
triggering means for acting on said drive shaft means to initiate a
staple driving operation; and means associated with said drive
shaft means for acting, in response to said triggering means, to
initiate the stapling operation only once for each command from
said triggering means.
29. The instrument described in claim 28, wherein said triggering
means comprises: a trigger; first linkage associated with said
drive shaft, adapted to move said drive shaft in response to a
command from said trigger, and thereby adapted to initiate a
stapling operation.
30. The instrument described in claim 29, and further comprising
second linkage means for disabling said first linkage means if said
trigger is not in its fully relaxed state.
31. The instrument defined in claim 30, wherein said second linkage
means has a notch therein adapted to associate with said first
linkage means; and wherein said first linkage means is moved out of
said notch in response to the performance of a stapling
operation.
32. The instrument defined in claim 31, wherein said second linkage
means is moved in response to a movement of said trigger, and
wherein movement of said second linkage means first causes the
displacement of said first linkage means out of said notch and then
prevents the first linkage means from returning to the notch in
said second linkage means until the trigger is in its fully relaxed
state.
33. The instrument defined in claim 32, wherein said first linkage
means is displaced in response to the movement of said drive
shaft.
34. The instrument defined in claim 32, and further comprising:
means for biasing said first linkage means toward a position
whereby it is ensured that said first linkage means is unable to
associate with the notch in said second linkage means unless the
trigger is in its fully relaxed state.
35. A surgical stapling instrument for applying sterilized staples
to the disunited skin or fascia of a patient for effecting a
joining of the skin or fascia, the instrument adapted to associate
with an elongated staple-carrying cartridge having an anvil at the
forwardmost region thereof, and adapted to house a plurality of
staples therein, the cross-bars of said staples being transverse to
the length of said cartridge and the prongs of said staples facing
the anvil, a pusher element slidably mounted thereon for ejecting
staples from the cartridge and for forming the staples around the
anvil, and means for advancing said staples along the length of
said cartridge; the instrument comprising: a main body portion;
means for mounting said staple-carrying cartridge, at its region
remote from said anvil, on the main body portion; drive shaft
means, to activate said staple-advancing means for driving the
staples toward said anvil means; pusher-activating means for
driving the pusher element forward to eject a staple from the
staple-carrying cartridge and to form said staple around said anvil
means; gearbox means provided with a plunger adapted to react to
the position of said pusher-activating means and serving to control
the operation of a plurality of gears in said gearbox means; and
means associated with said pusher-activating means for positively
returning said plunger into the position occupied before having
been acted upon by said pusher-activating means.
36. The instrument defined in claim 35, wherein said means for
returning said plunger is in the form of an L-shaped return member
which is pivoted about a pivot pin in response to the return stroke
of said pusher-activating means.
37. The instrument defined in claim 36, wherein said L-shaped
return element has one arm associated with a slot in the plunger
and a second arm associated with a pin fixedly mounted on said
pusher-activating element.
38. The instrument defined by claim 36, wherein said means for
returning said plunger to its pre-stapling position employs two
biasing springs, one of which acts directly on the plunger and one
of which acts on the plunger through the drive shaft and the
staple-activating element.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In copending U.S. Pat. application Ser. No. 852,822 filed on Aug.
25, 1969, assigned to the present assignee and entitled SKIN
STAPLER, there is disclosed a surgical stapler for joining
disunited skin of a patient. The surgical stapler disclosed in this
copending patent application embodies the initial thoughts
regarding the design of an instrument for accurately, efficiently
and automatically suturing external skin with the aid of staples.
After further consideration, however, there are several areas
wherein problems may arise. These areas are discussed immediately
below.
In the copending patent application, a single cartridge is
disclosed. This cartridge is arranged so that the final shape of
the staple is substantially square. But, due to the difference in
consistency and strength between external skin and internal fascia,
it has been found that the staple of square configuration, while
being adequate for the union of external skin, could have failings
in uniting segments of internal fascia. The internal fascia,
relatively porous in nature, may tear somewhat easily under
conditions of stress. By using the staple disclosed in the
above-noted copending patent application, damage may occur if the
patient experiences conditions of internal stress, such as the
common post-operative "puffing" of the stomach. Therefore, the need
has arisen for a staple, cartridge and associated instrument which
are particularly suitable for the stapling of internal fascia. At
the same time, it would be advantageous to have a surgical stapler
which is compatible with different types of special-purpose
cartridges.
In the copending U.S. patent application, the cartridge is inserted
into the main body of the unit and then, by a distinct manually
operation, is fixed in its proper stapling position. If the
surgeon, or aide, were to omit the step of securing the cartridge
in its housing, either the cartridge would drop out of the housing,
thus destroying its sterility, or the instrument would be fired
without having the cartridge in proper alignment with the housing.
A need therefore exists for ensuring that the cartridge is
automatically locked into the body of the instrument without
requiring a distinct locking operation.
The mechanical means for bringing about the firing of the
instrument disclosed in the above-noted copending application have
proven adequate under most circumstances. However, it has been
found that after firing the instrument, there is often a sticking
of the mechanical parts preventing these parts from returning to
their initial pre-firing positions. This, of course, could be a
problem. Further, in the instrument disclosed in the copending
patent application, it is possible to accidentally fire the unit if
the operator fails to immediately release the trigger after a
stapling operation. Therefore, a need exists for means which ensure
that the elements associated with the drive mechanism consistently
and completely return to their pre-firing positions. A need also
exists for means which ensure that the instrument cannot be fired
more than once for each trigger depression.
In the copending U.S. patent application noted above, the gearbox
affecting the staple drive was designed, when activated, to
over-drive the staples and then bring the staples back to a proper
drive state. It has been found, in practice, that when the gearbox
is over-driven, there is often a sticking which occurs when an
attempt is made to return the staples to their proper ejection
position. Therefore, a need arises for a gearbox which ensures
proper driving of the surgical staples.
Further, there are some areas associated with the known
staple-carrying cartridge which may be improved. If the staples are
loaded after the cartridge is fully constructed, it is necessary
that the driving screws be properly phased, else the staples may
jamb in traversing the length of the cartridge. Along the same
lines, it is important that the ends of the driving screws are in
alignment before being inserted into the instrument, else there
will be an improper mating with the driving mechanism. Then, it is
important that the pusher element be held in a fixed position
within the cartridge during transit, else a staple may be
accidentally ejected. Needs therefore exist for filling these voids
in the prior art.
In addition to the above, some minor irregularities have been found
to exist in the above-noted patent application. For example, it has
been found that when the driving unit is fired, the internal piston
tends to slam against the base of its chamber, thus creating an
annoying "thud" each time the unit is fired and possibly damaging
the elements directly affected by the impact. Further, it has been
found that the noise associated with the removal of the gas
cartridge after the depletion of the staples is quite annoying.
Needs therefore exists for a correction of these minor
difficulties.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a surgical instrument for applying
staples to external skin and internal fascia, thereby joining the
disunited skin or fascia to effect rapid healing thereof. The
instrument forming a part of the present invention is adapted to
receive staple cartridges of varying dimensions. Particularly, the
instrument is capable of receiving cartridges of relatively small
dimensions for stapling external skin, and is also capable of
receiving cartridges of relatively large dimensions for stapling
internal fascia.
Along the above lines, the present invention also relates to a
novel cartridge design to ensure that a single stapling unit is
capable of receiving cartridges of differing size.
The cartridge of the present invention has novelty over that noted
in the preceding paragraph. It is adapted for easy loading without
the fear that the staples may loaded improperly. Means are provided
to ensure that the staple-advancing screws are initially in the
proper phase relationship with one another. Then, once the
staple-housing cartridge is associated with a staple-loading
device, the phasing means are no longer necessary and may,
therefore, be dispensed with. Further, the cartridge of the present
invention is provided with means for ensuring proper alignment of
the staple-advancing screws, thereby facilitating the loading of
the cartridge into the inventive instrument. And, additionally, the
inventive cartridge is provided with means for locking the pusher
in place while in transit and for automatically freeing the pusher
when the cartridge is fitted into a surgical stapling
instrument.
The stapler of the present invention is powered by gas under
pressure. Tanks of gas are introduced into the instrument via a
housing, one wall of which is pivotable on the other. The tank of
pressurized gas is designed to have a life longer than necessary to
fire one cartridge of staples. Therefore, gas remains in the tank
after the useful life of the cartridge is ended. The stapler of the
present invention ensures that the cartridge is completely empty
before the pivotable wall of the housing is free from the effects
of the stationary wall. In this manner, the operator is protected
from injury remotely caused by the escape of reserve gas.
In addition to the above, the gas line is fitted with a muffler to
reduce the noise usually associated with the draining of reserve
gas. Still further, the invention stapler is provided with means
for urging the partially filled tank away from its puncture pin
when the housing is partially opened. As a consequence, the
pressure tank is sure to be drained when the housing is completely
opened
As noted previously, the drive mechanism of the present invention
is of the gas-powered variety. In most respects, the power drive of
the present invention is quite similar to that disclosed and
claimed in the above-referenced copending U.S. patent application.
However, the present drive mechanism is, in many respects, improved
from the mechanism previously known. For example, an O-ring is
positioned at the base of the piston bore. The piston, when driven,
impacts the O-ring and is thus cushioned at the forwardmost part of
its stroke. Without this O-ring, the piston would impact on one of
the walls of the piston chamber. Such impact is undesirable, first,
because of the annoying sound and the feeling produced in the hand
of the operator and, more importantly, because of the damage which
might occur to the wall of the piston chamber, the piston itself
and even the elements directly associated with the piston or piston
chamber.
The piston of the present invention, forming a part of the
gas-powered drive mechanism, is provided with a ring-like extension
adapted to ride along the cylindrical wall of the piston chamber.
In this manner, proper piston alignment and guiding is ensured.
Also, damage to the piston and the wall of the piston chamber is
avoided.
The present invention further relates to a novel and efficiently
operating trigger arrangement and drive shaft. When the trigger is
pulled, the power unit is activated and the drive shaft is thrust
forward, thus ejecting a staple. After the forward thrust of the
drive shaft, the release of the trigger is necessary to reset the
firing mechanisms. That is, the power unit cannot again be fired
until the trigger is released. And, to be sure that the gearbox
elements are properly returned to their pre-firing positions, means
are provided for combining the forces of two independently
functioning springs, the combination effectively overcoming the
effects of inertia and friction.
The present invention further relates to a unique gearbox
arrangement. As was the case in the above-referenced copending
patent application, it is here necessary to rotate the drive screws
360.degree. each time a staple is being ejected. And, similar to
the gearbox disclosed in the copending patent application, the
gearbox of the present invention is adapted to be over-driven and
then returned to a state wherein the drive screws are ultimately
rotated precisely 360.degree..
As noted previously, the prior art gearbox was known to stick in
its over-driven state. The reason for this is that when
over-driven, the associated cloverleaf gear often travelled too far
to be retracted by the camming pin. The camming pin then tends to
contact the cloverleaf too high on the leaf to exert a sufficient
rotational force to move the cloverleaf.
In the present invention, the cloverleaf is still over-driven.
However, a stop pin is provided to ensure that the cloverleaf is
driven only to a certain point, this point being so located that
the cloverleaf is never over-driven to the extent wherein the
camming pin is mispositioned at initial contact with the
cloverleaf. In this manner, the camming pin is always able to bring
the cloverleaf back to a position wherein the driving screws are
ultimately rotated precisely 360.degree..
Accordingly, it is one object of the present invention to provide a
surgical stapler able to efficiently and accurately join disunited
external skin and internal fascia of a patient.
It is a related object of the invention to provide a surgical
stapler which is able to accommodate staple-carrying cartridges of
different dimensions and characteristics.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a
staple-carrying cartridge which is compatible with a surgical
stapler designed to house cartridges of differing dimensions and
characteristics.
It is yet a further object of the invention to provide a surgical
stapler adapted to be fired by a gas under pressure, housed in a
small tank, the housing for said tank being constructed in such a
manner that the tank is easily and quietly removed without fear of
danger to the user.
It is another object of the invention to provide an improved power
unit activated by gas under pressure.
It is yet a further object of the present invention to provide a
surgical stapler which can be fired only once for each depression
of the trigger.
It is yet another object of the invention to provide a surgical
stapler with means adapted to ensure that the elements of the
gearbox are returned to their pre-firing positions after each
stapling operation.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide a
gearbox for a surgical stapler adapted to accurately and
consistently advance a plurality of staples into ejection positions
in a staple-carrying cartridge.
It is yet a further object of the invention to provide a surgical
stapler which easily receives a staple-carrying cartridge and which
automatically holds said cartridge in its proper firing
position.
It is still another object of the invention to provide a
staple-carrying cartridge fitted with means for ensuring proper
phasing between the staple advancing screws, means for maintaining
proper injection alignment between the screws and the body of the
cartridge and means for avoiding the inadvertent ejection of
staples during transit.
These and other objects of the invention, as well as many of the
attendant advantages thereof, will become more readily apparent
when reference is made to the following description taken in
conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a side view of the surgical stapler forming a part of the
present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of the housing for the pressurized tank of
gas;
FIG. 3 is a cross-section taken long line 3--3 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a top view of the stapler shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a cross-section taken long line 5--5 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 position; a cross-section taken along line 6--6 of FIG.
1;
FIG. 7 is a cross-section through the power unit of the present
invention when in its pre-firing position:
FIG. 8 is a cross-section through the firing unit of the present
invention during a staple-driving operation;
FIG. 9 is a partial cross-section through the triggering and
driving assemblies of the present invention when in the pre-firing
positions;
FIG. 10 is a view similar to FIG. 9 but showing the assembly during
the initial stages of a firing operation;
FIG. 11 is a view similar to FIG. 9 but showing the assemblies near
the end of a stapling operation;
FIG. 12 is a view similar to FIG. 9, showing the assemblies
returning from a firing operation;
FIG. 13 is a perspective view of the assemblies of FIG. 12;
FIG. 14 is a view of the gearbox of the present invention before a
staple-advancing operation;
FIG. 15 is a view similar to FIG. 14 but showing the gearbox during
a staple advancing operation;
FIG. 16 is a view showing the spring-biasing of a cartridge in the
inventive stapler;
FIG. 17 is a top view of a cartridge with a portion of its cover
removed;
FIG. 18 is a rear end view of the cartridge of FIG. 17;
FIG 19 is a view along line 19--10 of FIG. 17;
FIG. 20 is a view similar to FIG. 17, but showing a cartridge
especially adapted for stapling internal fascia;
FIG. 21 is a showing of the staple used in each of the cartridges
illustrated in FIGS. 17 and 20;
FIG. 22 is a showing of the staples of FIG. 21 after being bent
into their final form; and
FIG. 23 is a typical showing of a segment of stapled fascia covered
by a stapled skin layer.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
With reference first to FIG. 1, the surgical stapler of the present
invention will first be described in general terms. The stapler is
shown generally at 10 and comprises a main body portion 12, a
handle portion 14 and a nose portion 16. A staple-carrying
cartridge, shown generally at 18, is fit in the nose 16 of the
stapler 10.
The staples in the cartridge 18 are advanced and driven by means of
pressurized gas. The pressurized tank of gas 20 is housed in the
handle 14 and feeds pressurized gas, via port 22, to a power unit
24. The handle 14 is removable from the main body portion 12 and,
consequently, an O-ring 26 is provided at the junction therebetween
thereby tightly sealing the gas in the port 22. A filter 28 ensures
that the internal structures of the power unit 24 remain free from
impurities.
The stapler is fitted with a trigger 30, which, when depressed,
activates the power unit 24. Then, through the action of a drive
shaft 32 and a pusher driving member 34, the pusher associated with
the cartridge 18 ejects and forms a staple. At the same time, a
plunger 124, forming a part of the gearbox 36 is depressed. Then,
on the return stroke of the drive shaft, the plunger 124 is
released, and the gearbox 36 advances the staples in the cartridge
18 so as to be ready for the next firing operation.
With reference now to FIGS. 2, 3, 5 and 6, the handle 14 and its
associated pressurized tank 20 will be described. The handle 14 is
made up of a stationary portion 40 and a pivotable portion 42,
pivoted on the body of the stationary portion 40 by means of a pin
44. Both portions 40 and 42 are carved out so as to comfortably
accommodate the tank 20. At the base of the handle 14, there is
provided a threaded insert 46, as of nylon. Threading into the
insert 46 is a screw 48 rigidly associated with a knurled knob 50
and a member 52 for advancing the tank 20. The innermost end of
member 52 is carved out slightly to comfortably accommodate the
base of the tank. A ring-shaped extension 54 projects from the
extreme end of the stationary member 40 and is adapted to allow the
element 52 to pass therethrough, thereby locking the pivotable
member 42 to the stationary member 40.
When the tank 20 is inserted in the housing defined in the handle
14, the pivotable member 42 is moved into association with the
stationary member 40. Then, the knob 50 is turned until the pusher
52 engages the ring 54. At this time, and as mentioned above, the
pivotable member and the fixed member are locked together. Further
rotation of the knob 50 causes the screw 48 to thread into the
nylon insert 46, thereby forcing the tank 20 toward a piercing pin
56. The screw 48 is sized so that when the cartridge 20 is in its
most advantageous pierced position with respect to the piercing pin
56, the indentation 58 in the knob 50 comfortably fits around the
extension 60 on the insert 46. Under these conditions, the gas from
the tank 20 is fed, via port 22, to the power unit 24. A sealing
taper 62 is provided to stop gas leaks through the open regions of
the handle.
Naturally, to ensure unerring operation of the instrument, it is
desirable that the tank 20 be capable of firing an amount of
staples in excess of the amount carried by the cartridge 18.
Therefore, after the cartridge 18 is fully devoid of staples, the
tank 20 still should house a reserve supply of gas. However, it is
also desired that the tank 20 be removed and replaced by a fresh
tank. The need is, therefore, to ensure that the escaping reserve
gas from the tank 20 does not harm to the user of the instrument.
With the present invention, there is no danger to the user, and
this will become clear from the following.
After the staple-carrying cartridge 18 is spent of its staples, a
new staple-carrying cartridge must be provided. At the same time, a
new pressure tank 20 must be provided. The replacement of the tank
20 is accomplished by rotating the knob 50 so as to relive the
pressure on the tank 20. When this is accomplished, a spring 64
acts against the forwardmost part of the tank 20 and urges same
away from the piercing pin 56. When the forwardmost part of the
tank is removed from the effects of the sealing taper 62, the
reserve gas is allowed to flow out of the handle, but only after
passing through a muffler 66. The muffler is made of a porous
metallic material and serves to greatly reduce the squeeling noise
which is common when a partially filled pressure tank is removed
from its output conduit.
An important feature of the handle of the present invention is that
while the reserve gas is escaping from the tank 20, the element 52
is in full engagement with the ring 54. And, the size of the screw
48 is made large enough to ensure that the element 52 is free from
the effects of the ring 54 only after the tank 20 is completely
discharged of its contents. Otherwise, it would be necessary that
the user apply a large force to maintain the handle portions in
their closed position else he may be struck by the tank 20. With
the device of the present invention the tank will be completely
inert by the time its housing is opened.
With reference now to FIGS. 7 and 8, the power unit 24 will be
described. As was the case in the above-referenced copending patent
application, the power unit comprises a gas inlet port 68, a spool
70, a pair of diaphragm seals 72 and 74, respectively, a transfer
port 76 extending from one side to the other of the spool 70, a
piston 78 sealed against the wall 80 of a piston chamber 82 by
means of a rolling diaphragm 84, and a spring 86 serving to
resiliently bias the piston 78 toward its rest position. Secured to
the piston 78 is the drive shaft 32, shown in FIG. 1, which
connects with the pusher driving element 34.
The power unit shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 differ from the power unit
described in the copending patent application mentioned above in
two major respects. First, the piston 78 is surrounded by a ring 88
adapted to guide the piston along the wall 80 of the piston chamber
82. Of course, the material of the ring 88 is such that it is able
to withstand the friction-related pressures exerted upon it without
showing severe signs of wear. In the second respect, an O-ring 90
is provided at the base of the piston chamber 82. Each of these new
elements serves to increase the useful life of the power unit. The
ring 88 ensures that the piston 78 is accurately guided within the
piston chamber 82. In this manner, sloppy action of the piston is
prevented, thus avoiding contact damage between the piston and the
wall of the piston chamber. The O-ring 90 serves to cushion the
impact of the piston 78 when the piston reaches the forwardmost
part of its stroke. In this manner, the forwardmost wall of the
piston chamber 82 is protected against impact from the piston; and,
because the O-ring 90 is of a resilient material, severe shocks are
avoided. This serves to protect not only the members immediately
affected by the shock but each of the elements of the inventive
skin stapler.
In FIG. 7, the power unit 24 is shown in its prefiring position. In
FIG. 8, on the other hand, the power unit is shown during a
staple-ejecting operation. Since the above-referenced copending
U.S. patent application fully describes the operation of the power
unit, only a brief and general description will be given here.
When the drive shaft 32 is pulled forward by the trigger 30, as
will be fully described below, the force exerted by the spring 86
is overcome and the spool 70 is driven from the seal 92, thus
opening the inlet port 68. The gas pouring through the inlet port,
via port 22, forces the spool toward the base of the piston chamber
82. The piston 78 then strikes the O-ring 90, thereby cushioning
its impact on the base of the piston chamber 82. In FIG. 8, the
power unit 24 is shown at the forwardmost part of its stroke. When
the drive shaft 32 is fully forward, the extreme pressures behind
the piston 78 overcome the pressures behind the spool 70, causing
the spool to be reseated. As a result, the relative pressures
urging the piston forward are relieved and the spring 86 moves the
piston 78 into its rest position. The power unit is then ready for
another firing operation.
With reference now to FIGS. 9 through 13, the operation of the
triggering mechanism will be described. In FIG. 9, the internal
structures are in their pre-firing positions. The trigger 30
terminates in the extension 100 passing through a slot 102 carved
into the handle 14 of the stapler. The portion of the extension 100
farthest from the trigger 30 then engages a slot 104 carved in the
body of a linkage element 106.
A notch 108 is carved into the linkage element 106 and, at the
forward end, is tapered at 110. Riding within the notch 108 is a
second linkage element 112, one end of which is associated with the
output shaft 32 of the power unit.
The portion of the linkage 112 riding within the slot 108 is
tapered, at 114, in a taper which is compatible with the taper 110.
The end of the linkage 112 associating with the drive shaft 32 is
also tapered, shown at 116, this taper matching a corresponding
taper 118 on the forwardmost end of the drive shaft 32. The linkage
112 is biased in two directions by the respective springs 120 and
122.
As will be explained below, the gearbox 36 is activated by means of
a plunger element 124. As clearly shown in FIG. 9, the plunger 124
is biased by a spring 126. A carrier plate 128 associates with the
plunger 124 by means of a projection 130 on the carrier plate
extending into a slot 132 in the plunger. A second slot 134 is
carved in the plunger 124 and associates with one arm of an
L-shaped return member 136, which return member is pivotally
mounted on a pin 138. The other arm of the return member is
associated with a pin 140 carried by the pusher driving member 34.
The arm of the L-shaped member 136 associating with the plunger 124
is designated at 142, and the arm associated with the pin 140 is
designated at 144.
With the elements positioned as shown in FIG. 9, the spool 70 abuts
the seal 92, thereby closing the gas inlet port 68, the spring 186
maintaining port 68 closed. When, however, trigger 30 is activated,
the gas inlet port is opened, thereby initiating the stroke of the
power unit.
With reference to FIG. 10, the series of events leading to the
stroke of the power unit will be described. When the trigger 30 is
depressed, in the direction of arrow 146, the extension 100 exerts
a force on the linkage 106. Linkage 106, in turn, causes linkage
112 to pivot and thereby pull the drive shaft 32 in the direction
of arrow 148. When the drive shaft moves in the direction of arrow
148, the piston 78 releases its hold on the spool 70. In reaction
to the large pressure appearing at the inlet port 68, the spool 70
moves away from the seal 92 and this, as discussed above, initiates
the drive stroke.
During the forward stroke of the drive shaft 32, as shown in FIG.
11, the linkage 112 is moved so as to surround the thickest portion
of the drive shaft 32. The inclined surfaces 116 and 118 facilitate
this movement. When the linkage 112 is riding on the surface of the
drive shaft 32, against the force of the spring 122, the spring 120
returns the linkage 112 to its pre-firing position shown in FIG. 9.
At this time, the linkage 112 is spaced from its associated linkage
106. Due to the relationship between the drive shaft 32, the
linkage 112, the linkage 106 and the trigger 30, the firing
mechanism of the present invention prevents unintentional
duplicating thrusts of the power unit.
Before a staple-driving operation can be initiated, the drive shaft
32 must be moved, thereby opening the inlet port 92. This movement
can be initiated only by linkage 112. However, as clearly shown in
FIGS. 11 and 12, the linkage 112 is unable to be affected by the
trigger 30 until positioned within the slot 108 in the linkage 106.
This it cannot do before the trigger 30 is released and the linkage
106 returned to the position shown in FIG. 9. If the operator
maintains a pressure on the trigger in the direction of the arrow
146 (FIG. 10), then the linkage 112 is held on the inclined surface
of the linkage 106, thus preventing the further triggering of the
shaft 32 even after the shaft is in its pre-firing position and the
inlet port 92 is closed. When, however, the trigger 30 is released,
the spring 154 urges the trigger into its pre-stapling position.
When this occurs, relative motion takes place between the linkages
106 and 112, at surfaces 110 and 114, respectively, until the final
position shown in FIG. 9 is reached. Then, the instrument is ready
for another firing. The trigger 30 and the linkage 106 are
constantly biased by a spring 154.
As noted previously, the gearbox in the copending patent
application has been found to occasionally stick at the end of a
power stroke, thereby not returning to its full pre-stapling
position. The cause for such sticking is that the return spring,
comparable to spring 126, is insufficient in strength to push the
plunger 124 and its associated gears into their pre-stapling
positions. In the present invention, this problem is overcome by
the provision of the L-shaped member 136, the slot 134 in the
plunger 124, the pin 140 mounted on the pusher engaging member 34
and the spring 86 forming a part of the power unit.
The operation of the inventive non-stick feature will be described
with reference to FIGS. 9 through 12. When the pusher driving
member 34 is activated by the drive shaft 32, the inclined surface
156 on the member 34 meets with a similarly shaped inclined surface
on the plunger 124. In this manner, the plunger 124 is driven
against the force of the spring 126. When this occurs, one wall of
the slot 134 causes the L-shaped element 136 to pivot about the pin
138, thereby moving the arm 142 toward the spring 126. Finally,
element 136 takes the position shown in FIG. 11. When, however, the
drive shaft 32 and the pusher driving member 34 are returning to
their pre-stapling positions, the pin 140 associates with the arm
144 of the member 136. At the same time, the arm 142 contacts one
wall of the slot 134. Therefore, at the end of the return stroke,
the plunger 134 is urged into its pre-stapling position, both by
the spring 126 and by the spring 86. In this manner, the large
spring force is able to overcome all inertial and frictional forces
exhibited by the plunger and the associated gear arrangement. As a
consequence, the elements associated with the gearbox fully return
to their pre-stapling positions.
With particular reference now to FIGS. 9, 14 and 15, the operation
of the gearbox forming a part of the present invention will be
explained. As previously noted, the drive shaft 32 associated with
the power unit 24 positively controls the operation of the pusher
engaging element 34. And, as also previously noted, the pusher
engaging element 34 has an inclined surface 156 adapted to engage a
plunger 124 forming a part of the gearbox.
The gearbox is arranged so that when the plunger 124 is depressed,
the elements forming a part of the gear arrangement are activated.
Therefore, the forward motion of the pusher engaging element causes
the rotation of the screws of the staple-carrying cartridge 18,
thereby driving the staples. The staples are over-driven during the
forward thrust of the pusher engaging elements and are returned to
their proper positions during the rearward stroke of the pusher
engaging element 34, leaving the plunger 124 effected only by its
biasing spring 126 and the L-shaped return element 136.
When the plunger 124 moves the triangular shaped carrying palate
128 pivots about its pivot pin 160. In this manner, a pawl 162
mounted on the carrying plate 128 by a pivot member 164 rides along
one wall of a six-tooth ratchet 166 and engages one of the teeth
thereof. The plunger 124, the pawl 162 and the ratchet 166 are
arranged in such a manner that the full stroke of the plunger 124
causes the ratchet 166 to move slightly more than 60.degree.. The
ratchet 162, pivotally mounted on the pin 164, is biased toward the
ratchet 166 by a spring 168.
As noted previously, it is desired to ultimately rotate the screws
associated with the cartridge 18 precisely 360.degree. for each
staple-driving operation. The gearbox is arranged so that for each
60.degree. turn of the ratchet 166, the screws in the cartridge 18
are rotated 360.degree.. However, to ensure that the staples are
advanced a proper amount, it has been found necessary to over-drive
the screws in the cartridge and thus the staples, and then to
reverse the rotation of the screws so that, ultimately, they
experience precisely a 360.degree. turn. It is for this reason that
the six-tooth ratchet 166 is rotated slightly more than 60.degree..
It becomes necessary, therefore, to provide means for returning the
ratchet 166 to its 60.degree. position.
The ratchet return is brought about by means of a cloverleaf gear
170, mounted on a common axis with the ratchet 166, integral, and
therefore rotating in unison with the gear 166. Further, a stop pin
172 and a camming pin 174, each mounted on the triangular carrying
plate 128 serve, with the cloverleaf gear 170, to ensure that the
ratchet 166 ultimately turns precisely 360.degree.. The operation
is as follows.
When the plunger 124 is moved against the force exerted by the
biasing spring 126, the triangular carrying plate 128 is rotated,
in the direction of the arrow (FIG. 15), about its pivot pin 160.
When this occurs, the camming pin 174 moves out of the path of
travel of the teeth on the cloverleaf 170 before the pawl 162
engages a tooth on the ratchet 166. At the same time, the stop pin
72 has begun its travel toward the teeth of the cloverleaf 170.
After the pawl 162 has driven the ratchet 166 slightly more than
60.degree., a tooth of the cloverleaf 170 is made to feel the
influence of the stop pin 172, thereby preventing further rotation
of the ratchet 166. At this stage, the elements of the gearbox take
the positions shown in FIG. 15. Then, when the plunger 124 is
released from the pressure exerted by the pusher driving element
34, it is made to return to its pre-stapling position by the forces
exerted by the biasing spring 126 and the L-shaped return member
136. As a consequence, the triangular shaped carrying plate 128 is
pivoted about its pivot pin 160. When this occurs, the stop pin 72
is disengaged from the tooth of the cloverleaf 170 and the camming
pin 174 approaches the cloverleaf 170. When the plunger 124 reaches
a point near the end of its return stroke, the camming pin 174
contacts a tooth on the cloverleaf 170 at the point indicated at
176. When this occurs, however, the triangular carrying plate 128
still attempts to rotate because of the force exerted upon it by
the plunger 124. Therefore, the camming pin 174 is forced to ride
along the surface of its associated cloverleaf tooth until it is
unable to move any farther. If the stop pin 172 and the camming pin
174 are properly located, then the pin 174 will return to the
position shown in FIG. 14. To do this, however, it is necessary
that the cloverleaf 170, with its associated ratchet 166, be
rotated in a direction opposite that in which they were rotated by
the pawl 162. When the elements of the gearbox are returned to
their positions as indicated in FIG. 14, then the instrument is
ready for another firing operation. At this time, the screws
associated with the staple-carrying cartridge 18 have been rotated
slightly more than 360.degree. and have then been rotated in the
opposite direction, thereby bringing the ultimate rotation to
precisely 360.degree..
With reference now to FIGS. 16 and 18, the self-locking feature of
the present invention will be described. In FIG. 16, the nose of
the surgical instrument 10 is shown in cross-section. In solid
lines, a cartridge 18 is shown properly positioned in the nose 16.
In phantom lines, the cartridge 18 is shown during insertion or
removal.
As seen in FIGS. 16 and 18, the latter figure showing a rear view
of the cartridge 18, the cartridge is elongated, and has near its
rearwardmost end, a pair of upwardly extending tabs 180 forming a
part of its cover plate 182. The spacing between the tabs is
sufficient to allow the pusher engaging member 34 to freely slide
therebetween and the tabs 180 are dimensioned and positioned so as
to engage similarly positioned and dimensioned indentations in the
body of the nose section 16. Therefore, when the tabs 180 engage
the indentations in the nose 16, the cartridge 18 cannot be pulled
out of the nose.
The cartridge is inserted as follows. The rearward end of the
cartridge 18 is introduced into the opening 184 in the nose 16. The
cartridge 18, as it moves more deeply into the opening 184, is
guided by a wall 186 and a pair of ramps 188, each defined in the
nose 16. Then, when the cartridge 18 is still deeper in the opening
184, the rearward end of the cartridge engages a leaf-spring 190.
When this occurs, the cartridge feels a biasing action exerted by
the spring 190 attempting to put the cartridge 18 in a horizontal
position (as seen in FIG. 16). Ultimately when the cartridge
reaches the rearwardmost wall of the opening 184, the force of the
biasing spring 190 pivots the cartridge 18 until the tabs 180 are
positively locked in their associated indentations in the body of
nose 16. At this time, the rearward end of the screws forming a
part of the cartridge 18 are engaged by an extension of a gear 192,
forming a part of the gearbox and associated with the ratchet 166
so that when the ratchet moves 60.degree., the gear 192 rotates
360.degree.. The opposite procedure is used to remove the
cartridge.
To ensure proper side-to-side alignment of the smaller cartridge 18
in the nose 16, a pair of extension tabs 194 and 196 are provided,
these tabs bearing against the side walls of the opening 184. The
width of the larger cartridge is the same as the width of the
smaller cartridge with its tabs. And to ensure that the cartridges
cannot be inserted backwards, a button 198 is formed on the bottom
of the forwardmost region thereof.
Now, the two cartridges forming a part of the present invention
will be described. With reference first to FIGS. 17 through 19, the
smaller skin stapling cartridge will be described. Since this
cartridge is similar in most respects to that described in the
above noted copending application, emphasis will be placed only on
the differences.
The cartridge, shown generally at 18, comprises a cover plate 182
and a main body 200. A pair of threaded screws 202 and 204 are
comfortably fit for rotation within the main body 200 and serve to
guide a plurality of staples 206 which move in response to the
rotation of the respective screws. As seen best in FIG. 17, the
staples 206 have their cross-pieces extending from one screw to the
other and having their prongs extending toward and facing the
forwardmost part of the cartridge 18. The rearwardmost part of the
screws 202 and 204 take the form of flat projections 208 and 210,
respectively. Therefore, in FIG. 16, the extensions of the two
gears 92 are U-shaped and adapted to engage the flat projections
208 and 210 of the respective screws 202 and 204. In this manner,
when the gears 192 are rotated, so too are the screws 202 and 204,
and thus the staples are advanced.
As in the copending patent application mentioned above, a pusher
element 212 is positioned intermediate the staples 206 and the
cover plate 182. In this manner, the pusher 212 holds the staples
206 in the grooves of the respective screws 202 and 204. The prongs
of the staples 206 are supported on a pair of ledges 214 (FIG. 18).
The pusher element 212 is provided with an opening 216 adapted to
be engaged by the pusher driving element 34, and, in this manner,
the movement of the element 34 directly controls the movement of
the pusher 212.
It has been found desirable to ensure that the pusher 212 remains
in the position shown in FIG. 19 during all stages of transit. For
this reason, the cartridge of the present invention is provided
with a pusher locking member 220 as best been in FIG. 19.
The locking member 220 is centrally mounted on the base of the
cartridge 18. It comprises a solid base member 222 and a resilient
arm 224. When in its rest position, the arm 224 lies parallel to
the pusher element 212. The rearwardmost end of the arm 224 flares
toward the pusher 212 and, when the arm is in its rest position,
the flare extends beyond the pusher. A notch is carved from the
flared end portion of the arm 224, thus defining a pair of
protrusions 226 and 228, respectively.
The protrusions 226 and 228 are adapted to engage the rearwardmost
part of the pusher 212. Since the opening 216 is near the end of
the pusher 212, only a small portion of the body pusher, indicated
at 230, is present at the central rear area of the pusher. This
member 230 is adapted to be engaged between the protrusions 226 and
228, thereby locking the pusher in a position whereby the pusher is
protected against being dislodged from its housing in the
cartridge. As shown in FIG. 19, in phantom, when the pusher
engaging element 34 finds its way into the opening 216 in the
pusher 212, the resilient arm 224 is bent away from the pusher,
thereby freeing the pusher for movement along the longitudinal body
of the cartridge.
As noted previously, the screws 202 and 204 are designed in such a
manner that for each 360.degree. turn of the screws, a staple is
moved into its readiness position for being ejected. Because of the
pitch of the screws, and the critical nature of the fit between the
staples and the body of the cartridge, it is important that the
screws be properly phased before the staples are loaded in the
cartridge. In the present invention, means to ensure the proper
phasing between the screws, before the staples are inserted into
the cartridge, are provided.
With reference, then to FIGS. 17 through 19, the phasing means will
be described. Fastened to the screws 202 and 204 are fixed
resilient pins 240 and 242, respectively. The pins 240 and 242 are
located on the same side of the screws 202 and 204 and, therefore,
when the pins are aligned, the screws are in phase. Then, means are
provided at the base of the main body 200 defining indentations 244
and 246, respectively. These indentations are designed to mate with
pins 240 and 242.
When the cartridge is assembled, the pins 240 and 242 are inserted
into the indentations 244 and 246. When this is done, it is ensured
that the screws are properly in phase and are ready for the
insertion of staples. Then, the cover plate 182 is fitted on the
main body 200 and the screws are then prevented from changing their
respective alignment. At this stage, the cartridge is inserted into
a staple loading machine and the staples are loaded. Then, the
pusher 212 is slid into its housing and, when it is properly
positioned, the locking element 220 engages the pusher and prevents
further movement of the pusher until the cartridge is inserted into
a surgical stapling instrument.
A further alignment is important for the proper mating of the
cartridge with the surgical instrument in which it is to be
inserted. This alignment relates to the relative positions between
the flat projections 208 and 210 on the respective screws 202 and
204. The alignment must be such that the flat projections freely
mate with the U-shaped extensions of the gears 192. In the present
invention, means are provided to ensure this proper alignment.
With continuing reference, then to FIGS. 17 through 19, the means
for aligning the flat projections of the screws will be described.
The alignment means are shown generally at 250 and comprise a
common base 252 and a pair of resilient arm members 254 and 256.
The arms 254 and 256 are naturally biased toward the flat
projections 208 and 210 of the respective screws 202 and 204. In
this manner, the screws tend to naturally come to rest at the
position shown in FIGS. 17 and 18. And, when the screws take this
position, they are easily inserted into the U-shaped extensions of
the gears 192 since the gearbox is arranged in such a manner that
the gears 192 come to rest with the U-shaped extensions in vertical
alignment (as seen in FIG. 16).
Now with reference to FIG. 20, the cartridge adapted for stapling
internal fascia is shown. As seen when comparing the FIGS. 17 and
20, the cartridge of FIG. 20 is wider than that of FIG. 17.
Similarly, the staples 206' of FIG. 20 are wider than the staples
206 of FIG. 17. The reason for this is described below.
As should be evident, it is economically important that a basic
surgical stapling instrument be adapted to house a plurality of
special purpose cartridges having different sizes and
characteristics. This can be done most economically by designing
the cartridges so as to be compatible with existing surgical
stapling instrumentation.
At the present, surgical staplers are adapted to house the small
cartridge shown in FIG. 17, the cartridge best suited for stapling
external skin. But, because of the larger staples needed for
joining internal fascia, a wider cartridge is required. And, to
ensure that the larger staples are properly guided on their ledges
214', it is required that the spacing between the screws 202' and
204' of FIG. 20 be greater than the spacing between the screws 202
an 204 of FIG. 17. Therefore, the flat extensions 208' and 210' of
the cartridge shown in FIG. 20 are spaced wider apart than are the
similar projections of the cartridge shown in FIG. 17. This means
that the ends of the screws are no longer compatible with the
U-shaped driving gears. Therefore, the cartridge for suturing
internal fascia must be adapted to fit with the width requirements
of existing instrumentation.
With continuing reference then to FIG. 20, the adapter means
employed in the present invention will be described. Associated
with the flat projection 208' of the screw 202' is a linkage 260
and associated with the flat projection 210' of the screw 204' is a
second linkage 262. The end portions of these linkages 260 and 262
are formed similarly to the flat projections 208 and 210 and are
indicated, respectively, at 264 and 266. As is clearly shown, the
linkages 260 and 262 converge when moving toward the rear of the
cartridge 18'. In this manner, the effective distance between the
flat projections at the ends of the screws 202' and 204' has been
reduced to that distance between the flat projections 264 and 266.
As is readily apparent when comparing FIGS. 17 and 20, the spacing
between the projections 264 and 266 is identical with the spacing
between projections 208 and 210, this spacing being fully
compatible with existing surgical instrumentation.
The linkages 260 and 262 are housed in an extension of the
cartridge 18', which extension is shown generally at 268. A pair of
pins 270 are rigidly connected to the base of the extension 268 and
associate with smooth indentations 272 and 174 in the respective
linkages 260 and 262. In this manner, when the gears 192 are
rotated, the rotation of the linkages 260 and 262, in the direction
of the arrows, is effected. And, in response to the rotation of the
linkages, the screws 202' and 204' are rotated and, as a
consequence, the staples 206' are advanced. Thus, with the
cartridges shown in FIGS. 17 and 20, existing surgical stapling
instrumentation may be used to house staple-carrying cartridges of
differing dimensions and characteristics.
With reference now to FIGS. 21 through 23, the physical and
operational characteristics of the two types of staples will be
described. The staple adapted best for suturing external skin is
shown at 280; and the staple adapted best for suturing internal
fascia is shown at 282. As is readily apparent, the cross-piece of
the staple 282 is substantially larger than the cross-piece of the
staple 280. For this reason, and for the reason that the anvil
which acts on staple 282 is wider than the anvil which acts on
staple 280, the final bent up shape of these staples, as seen in
FIG. 22, differs both in width and in depth. Therefore, staple 282
grasps a larger amount of tissue and goes more deeply into the
tissue than does the staple 280.
With reference to FIG. 23, the need for varying depths of
penetration can be seen. In this figure, a staple 280 is shown
clamping together two segments of external skin, shown generally at
290. At the same time, a staple 282 is shown clamping together two
segments of internal fascia shown generally at 292. As can be seen,
the consistency of the external layer of skin 290 is much different
than the consistency of the internal layer of fascia 292. That is,
while the external skin is dense the internal fascia is more porous
and resilient.
Because of the different consistency between the two layers of
skin, different properties of staples are deemed essential. Where
the skin is dense, and can be compressed without injury, the
smaller staple may be used. But, where the skin is porous and
delicate, much less strain can be tolerated and thus the larger
staple must be used. With the cartridges of the present invention,
both circumstances can be met.
Above, there have been described several embodiments of the present
invention. Each embodiment is related to an improvement of
presently existing stapling instrumentation for joining external
skin or internal fascia. With the present invention, presently
existing instrumentation is improved with respect to safety, ease
of operation, or with respect to the efficiency and reliability
thereof. It should be understood, however, that the above
description is given for illustrative purposes only and that many
alterations and modifications may be practiced without departing
from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is the intent,
therefore, that the invention not be limited by the above but be
limited only as defined in the appended claims.
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