U.S. patent number 3,662,872 [Application Number 04/840,739] was granted by the patent office on 1972-05-16 for apparatus for orienting and feeding articles.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Colgate-Palmolive Company. Invention is credited to John C. Nalbach.
United States Patent |
3,662,872 |
Nalbach |
May 16, 1972 |
APPARATUS FOR ORIENTING AND FEEDING ARTICLES
Abstract
Apparatus for orienting and feeding lightweight plastic bottles
or the like having a rotating bowl in which a supply of randomly
arranged bottles is placed, a plurality of chutes spaced around the
bowl for rotation therewith, with each chute having a bottle
receiving opening at the upper edge of the bowl. A plurality of
vertically reciprocable bottle pushers are mounted within the bowl
and rotate therewith, each pusher being operatively associated with
one of the chutes. As the bowl rotates, each pusher moves a bottle
up a stationary helical discharge track from the top of which the
bottles are deposited in a predetermined oriented position into the
respective associated chute, with the bottle eventually being
transferred onto a linear conveyor which is arranged along a
tangent to the path of rotation of the bottles as they are
positioned in the rotating chutes.
Inventors: |
Nalbach; John C. (Jersey City,
NJ) |
Assignee: |
Colgate-Palmolive Company (New
York, NY)
|
Family
ID: |
25283089 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/840,739 |
Filed: |
July 10, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
198/397.05;
198/400 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65G
47/1457 (20130101); B65G 2201/0244 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B65G
47/14 (20060101); B65g 047/24 () |
Field of
Search: |
;221/172,167,169,170,163,164,173 ;198/33R,145 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,024,730 |
|
Apr 1966 |
|
GB |
|
1,162,813 |
|
Aug 1969 |
|
GB |
|
Primary Examiner: Aegerter; Richard E.
Assistant Examiner: Watts; Douglas D.
Claims
What is claimed and desired to be secured by Letters Patent is:
1. Apparatus for orienting and feeding lightweight bottles
comprising a rotating bowl into which a random supply of bottles is
placed, chute means connected to said bowl for rotation therewith
and having a bottle receiving opening adjacent the top of said
bowl, bottle moving means mounted on said bowl for rotation
therewith, discharge means mounted interiorly of said bowl and
providing a stationary track along which a bottle may be moved from
the bottom to the top of said bowl, whereby upon rotation of said
bowl a bottle within the bowl may be moved by said moving means
along said track to the top of said bowl and deposited into said
chute means for discharge to a desired location, and cooperating
means on said bottle moving means and adjacent said chute means
opening for turning a bottle arriving along said track to descend
only bottom down through said chute means regardless of its
orientation upon arriving at said opening.
2. Apparatus particularly useful for orienting and feeding
lightweight bottles comprising a rotating bowl having bottom and
side walls into which a supply of randomly arranged bottles is
placed, a plurality of bottle discharge chutes spaced around said
bowl and connected thereto for rotation therewith, each of said
chutes having a bottle receiving opening adjacent the top of said
side wall, a plurality of bottle moving means connected to said
bowl for rotation therewith and being vertically movable along said
side wall, each of said bottle moving means being operatively
associated with a respective chute, a discharge track mounted
adjacent said bowl and providing a discharge path for bottles from
said bowl, and means driven in timed relation with rotation of said
bowl for controlling vertical movement of said bottle moving means
and causing said bottle moving means to follow said discharge path,
whereby upon rotation of said bowl each of said bottle moving means
may slidably move a bottle from the bottom of said bowl upwardly
along said discharge track and deposit it into the opening of its
respective associated discharge chute.
3. Apparatus particularly useful for orienting and feeding
lightweight bottles or the like each having a body portion and a
narrow neck portion comprising a rotating bowl having bottom and
side walls into which a supply of randomly arranged bottles is
placed, a plurality of bottle discharge chutes spaced around said
bowl and connected thereto for rotation therewith, each of said
chutes having a bottle receiving opening adjacent the top of said
side wall, a plurality of bottle moving means connected to said
bowl for rotation therewith and being vertically movable along said
side wall, each of said bottle moving means being operatively
associated with a respective chute, and a discharge track mounted
adjacent said bowl and providing a discharge path for bottles from
said bowl, whereby upon rotation of said bowl each of said bottle
moving means may move a bottle from the bottom of said bowl
upwardly along said discharge track and deposit it into the opening
of its respective associated discharge chute, each of said
discharge chutes comprising adjustable means for varying the size
of said bottle receiving opening to correspond to the length of
said body portion, and said bottle moving means comprising hollow
head means dimensioned to receive the narrow neck portion of said
bottles, said chute adjustable means and said head means
cooperating to deposit a bottle into the chute in a desired
oriented position regardless of the position of the bottle in which
it is moved up said track.
4. Apparatus as defined in claim 3, said bowl having a cylindrical
side wall, said track being stationary and of generally spiral
configuration extending from its lower end positioned adjacent the
intersection of said bottom and side walls upwardly along said side
wall to its upper end operatively positioned adjacent the chute
openings around said side wall, said track being sloped inwardly
toward said side wall, and means for moving each of said bottle
moving means upwardly along said spiral track to thereby cause a
bottle to be moved from said bowl and deposited into the respective
associated discharge chute.
5. Apparatus as defined in claim 4 comprising a pair of said
stationary discharge tracks angularly spaced around said bowl, each
of said chutes having pivotable diverter means to direct a bottle
deposited therein downwardly along one or the other side of said
chute, cam follower means connected to said diverter means, and cam
actuating means positioned angularly adjacent each of said
discharge tracks for actuating said follower means as said chutes
rotate and thereby position said diverter means in a selected
position to cause said bottles to pass to one or the other side of
said chute.
6. Apparatus as defined in claim 5, a transfer station including a
linear transfer conveyor arranged tangential to the rotational path
of movement of said chutes for receiving properly oriented bottles
and transferring them to a desired location, said transfer conveyor
being located at an angular position around said bowl between said
discharge tracks, each of said chutes comprising upper and lower
spaced connected sections, said diverter means being positioned
within said upper section, and a stationary shelf extending from a
first of said discharge tracks through said transfer station and
positioned between said upper and lower chute sections, whereby as
said bowl, chutes, and bottle moving means rotate together, a
bottle may be deposited from said first discharge track into the
upper section of each of said chutes and moved across said
stationary shelf through said transfer station and subsequently
dropped along one side of said lower chute section, whereupon said
diverter means is cam actuated to its other selected position so
that a bottle deposited in each of said chutes from the second
discharge track may pass downwardly from said upper chute section
directly into the lower chute section along the other side thereof,
with the two bottles in said lower chute section then being rotated
around to said transfer conveyor and deposited thereon for transfer
to the desired location.
7. Apparatus as defined in claim 6, each of said lower chute
sections having an outwardly facing open side and inwardly facing
groove means, bottle positioning means located at said transfer
station for entering said groove means as said lower chute sections
rotate through said transfer station to thereby properly orient
said bottles on said linear transfer conveyor as they exit from
said lower chute section through said outwardly open side onto said
linear conveyor.
8. Apparatus for orienting and feeding bottles or the like having a
body portion and a relatively narrow neck portion, comprising
hopper means into which a random supply of bottles is placed, a
plurality of discharge chutes mounted upon and around said hopper
means for receiving bottles therefrom, means defining a stationary
track interiorly of said hopper means, relatively movable bottle
moving means within said hopper means for sliding said bottles
along said track to said discharge chutes, and cooperating means on
said bottle moving means and adjacent the opening of each of said
chutes for turning a bottle arriving at the chute to enter the
chute only bottom down to insure that a bottle deposited in and
descending each of said chutes is disposed in a predetermined
upright orientation regardless of whether the bottle is moved
toward said chute with its neck portion or base portion facing the
chute.
9. Apparatus as defined in claim 8, said hopper means comprising a
rotating bowl having a bottom wall and cylindrical side wall, said
discharge chutes being rotatable with said bowl, and said bottle
moving means comprising a stationary upwardly inclined discharge
track located within said bowl and a plurality of bottle moving
elements rotatable with said bowl and vertically reciprocable along
said side wall, each of said elements being operatively associated
with a respective chute, whereby, upon rotation of said bowl, said
chutes and said bottle moving elements, each of said elements may
move a bottle up said track and deposit it into its respective
chute in said predetermined orientation.
10. Apparatus as defined in claim 9, comprising a linear transfer
conveyor located beneath said chutes along a tangent to the
rotational path of said chutes, the linear velocity of said
conveyor being substantially equal to the tangential velocity of
the bottles within said chutes so that said bottles are transferred
onto said conveyor in a steady, stabilized condition.
11. Apparatus for orienting and feeding bottles or the like
comprising a base having a cut-out region; a bowl having a bottom
wall and a generally cylindrical side wall rotatably mounted above
said base; a plurality of chutes spaced around the outside of said
bowl and rotating therewith, each of said chutes having a bottle
receiving opening adjacent the top of said side wall and an open
lower end adjacent said base; a stationary discharge track located
within said bowl and providing a discharge path along which a
bottle may be moved from the bottom to the top of said bowl; a
plurality of vertically reciprocable bottle moving means rotating
with said bowl and having a bottle engaging portion located within
said bowl, and means driven in timed relation with rotation of said
bowl for controlling vertical movement of said bottle moving means
and causing said bottle moving means to follow said discharge path;
a transfer station including a movable linear transfer conveyor
located adjacent said base in said cut-out region and arranged
along a tangent to the rotational path of said chutes, whereby, as
said bowl rotates, each of said bottle moving means may move a
bottle up said track and deposit it into its respective associated
chute whereupon the bottle is then supported on said base while in
said chute and moved thereacross to said transfer station at which
it is placed on said linear conveyor and carried away to a desired
location.
12. Apparatus as defined in claim 11, comprising a drive assembly
for driving said transfer conveyor at a linear velocity
substantially equal to the tangential velocity of the bottles
within said rotating chutes so that the bottles are transferred
onto said conveyor in a steady, stabilized condition.
13. Apparatus for orienting and feeding bottles or the like
comprising a base having a cut-out region; a bowl having a bottom
wall and a generally cylindrical side wall rotatably mounted above
said base; a plurality of chutes spaced around the outside of said
bowl and rotating therewith, each of said chutes having a bottle
receiving opening adjacent the top of said side wall and an open
lower end adjacent said base; a plurality of bottle moving means
rotating with said bowl and having a bottle engaging portion
located within said bowl, said bottle moving means being vertically
reciprocable along said side wall; at least two stationary
discharge tracks located in angularly spaced relation within said
bowl and each providing a path along which a bottle may be moved
from the bottom to the top of said bowl; a transfer station
including a linear transfer conveyor located adjacent said base in
said cut-out region and arranged substantially along a tangent to
the rotational path of said chutes, whereby, as said bowl rotates,
each of said bottle moving means may move a bottle up one of said
tracks and deposit it into its respective associated chute
whereupon the bottle is then supported on said base while in said
chute and moved thereacross to said transfer station at which it is
placed on said linear conveyor and carried away to a desired
location, a pivotable diverter means in each of said chutes to
direct a bottle deposited therein downwardly along one side or the
other of said chute, cam follower means connected to said diverter
means, and cam actuating means positioned angularly adjacent each
of said discharge tracks for actuating said follower means as said
chutes move along their path and thereby position said diverter
means in a selected position to cause a bottle to pass to one or
the other side of said chute.
14. Apparatus as defined in claim 13, said transfer station being
located at an angular position around said bowl between said
discharge tracks, each of said chutes comprising upper and lower
spaced, connected sections, said diverter means being positioned
within said upper section, and a stationary shelf extending from a
first of said discharge tracks through said transfer station and
positioned between said upper and lower chute sections, whereby as
said bowl, chutes, and bottle moving means rotate together, a
bottle may be desposited from said first discharge track into the
upper section of each of said chutes and moved across said
stationary shelf through said transfer station and subsequently
dropped along one side of said lower chute section, whereupon said
diverter means is cam actuated to its other selected position so
that a bottle deposited in each of the chutes from the second
discharge track may pass downwardly from said upper chute section
directly into said lower chute section along the other side
thereof, with the two bottles in said lower chute section then
being rotated around to said transfer conveyor and deposited
thereon for transfer to the desired location.
15. Apparatus as defined in claim 14, each of said lower chute
sections having an outwardly facing open side and inwardly facing
groove means, bottle positioning means located at said transfer
station for entering said groove means as said lower chute sections
rotate through said transfer station to thereby properly orient
said bottles on said linear transfer conveyor as they exit from
said lower chute section through said outwardly open side onto said
linear conveyor.
16. Apparatus for orienting and feeding bottles or the like having
a body portion and narrow neck portion, comprising hopper means
into which a random supply of bottles is placed, a plurality of
discharge chutes mounted in spaced relation around the outer
periphery of said hopper means for receiving bottles therefrom, and
bottle moving means within said hopper for conveying said bottles
to said discharge chutes, said hopper means comprising a rotating
bowl having a bottom wall and a side wall, said discharge chutes
being rotatable with said bowl, and said bottle moving means
comprising a stationary upwardly inclined discharge track located
within said bowl and a plurality of bottle moving elements
rotatable with said bowl and vertically reciprocable along said
side wall, each of said elements being operatively associated with
a respective chute, whereby, upon rotation of said bowl, said
chutes and said bottle moving elements, each of said elements may
move a bottle up said track and deposit it into its respective
chute in predetermined orientation, means at each of said discharge
chutes for adjusting the size of its bottle receiving opening to
correspond to the length of the body portion of said bottles, and a
hollow head on each of said elements adapted to receive the narrow
neck portion of said bottles, said adjusting means and said hollow
head cooperating to deposit a bottle into the chute in said
predetermined orientation regardless of the position of the bottle
as it moves up said track.
17. Apparatus for orienting and feeding bottles or the like having
a body portion and narrow neck portion, comprising hopper means
into which a random supply of bottles is placed, a plurality of
discharge chutes mounted in spaced relation around the outer
periphery of said hopper means for receiving bottles therefrom, and
bottle moving means within said hopper for conveying said bottles
to said discharge chutes, said hopper means comprising a rotating
bowl having a bottom wall and a side wall, said discharge chutes
being rotatable with said bowl, and said bottle moving means
comprising a plurality of stationary upwardly inclined discharge
tracks located within said bowl in angularly spaced relation and a
plurality of bottle moving elements rotatable with said bowl and
vertically reciprocable along said side wall, each of said elements
being operatively associated with a respective chute, whereby, upon
rotation of said bowl, said chutes and said bottle moving elements,
each of said elements may move a bottle up one of said tracks and
deposit in into its respective chute in predetermined orientation,
a plurality of compartments in each of said chutes, and means for
directing a bottle received from one of said discharge tracks into
a respective one of said compartments, said chutes and said bottle
moving means being constructed to cooperate with each other and
insure that a bottle is deposited in each of said chutes in said
predetermined orientation regardless of whether the bottle is moved
toward said chute with its neck portion or base portion facing the
chute.
18. Apparatus for orienting and feeding bottles of the type having
a body portion and a narrow neck portion comprising a base having a
cut-out region; a bowl having a bottom wall and a generally
cylindrical side wall rotatably mounted above said base; a
plurality of chutes spaced around the outside of said bowl and
rotating therewith, each of said chutes having a bottle receiving
opening adjacent the top of said side wall and an open lower end
adjacent said base; a plurality of bottle moving means rotating
with said bowl and having a bottle engaging portion located within
said bowl, said bottle moving means being vertically reciprocable
along said side wall; a stationary discharge track located within
said bowl and providing a path along which a bottle may be moved
from the bottom to the top of said bowl; a transfer station
including a linear transfer conveyor located adjacent said base in
said cut-out region and arranged substantially along a tangent to
the rotational path of said chutes, whereby, as said bowl rotates,
each of said bottle moving means may move a bottle up said track
and deposit it into its respective associated chute whereupon the
bottle is then supported on said base while in said chute and moved
thereacross to said transfer station at which it is placed on said
linear conveyor and carried away to a desired location, each of
said discharge chutes comprises adjustable means for varying the
size of said bottle receiving opening to correspond to the length
of said body portion, and said bottle moving means comprises hollow
head means dimensioned to receive the narrow neck portion of said
bottles, said chute adjustable means and said hollow head means
cooperating to deposit a bottle into the chute in a desired
oriented position regardless of the position of the bottle in which
it is moved up the track.
19. Apparatus for feeding lightweight plastic bottles from random
assembly to predetermined orientation on a conveyor comprising a
rotatable hopper for receiving bottles randomly discharged
thereinto, a stationary bottle lift and feed track defining a
discharge path extending upwardly within the hopper from the bottom
of said hopper to the hopper upper end, at least one discharge
chute rotatable with the hopper and having an opening near the
upper end of said track, means effective during rotation of the
hopper for sliding a bottle upwardly and in the direction of its
length along said discharge path toward said chute opening
comprising bottle pusher means on the rotating hopper mounted for
substantially vertical sliding movement on said hopper and drive
means for reciprocating said bottle pusher means in timed relation
with rotation of the hopper and causing said bottle pusher means to
follow said discharge path, means adjacent said chute opening
permitting an entering bottle to descend said chute only in bottom
down orientation, and an opening in the lower end of said chute
through which an oriented bottle may pass to said conveyor.
20. In the apparatus defined in claim 19, means within said chute
and effective over an angular displacement of said hopper for
intercepting and stabilizing a descending bottle before permitting
passage of that bottle to the conveyor.
21. In the apparatus defined in claim 19, cooperating means on said
bottle pusher means and adjacent said chute opening for turning a
bottle arriving at said opening to enter said chute bottom down
regardless of which end of the bottle arrives first at said chute
opening.
22. Apparatus for insuring a desired orientation of lightweight
bottles of the type having a neck region at the top that is
appreciably smaller than the body comprising a chute having an
opening, means for moving bottles in succession in the direction of
their length to a transfer station adjacent said chute opening
comprising a pusher device having a recess of a size such as to
admit said neck in one position of orientation of a bottle but such
as not to admit the bottom of the body in the opposite position of
orientation, and means adjacent said chute opening cooperating with
said pusher device for turning each successive bottle about its
neck region to move angularly with respect to said direction for
transferring each bottle into said chute only in such orientation
that it descends the chute bottom down.
23. The apparatus defined in claim 22 wherein said bottle turning
means comprises an abutment at said station adapted to engage the
neck region of a bottle being pushed neck foremost into said
station by said pusher device.
24. In the apparatus defined in claim 22, said chute being mounted
on a continuously rotatable receptacle into which bottles are
deposited in random orientation and said means for moving bottles
to the top of said chute comprising a stationary track disposed
interiorly of said receptacle, and means for reciprocating said
pusher device in a direction parallel to the axis of rotation of
said receptacle for enabling said pusher device to push bottles up
said track during rotation of said receptacle.
25. In apparatus for orienting lightweight bottles of the type
having a neck appreciably smaller than the body, a chute having an
open top, and means for introducing a bottle moving in the
direction of its length into a transfer station at the open top of
said chute comprising a pusher device having a recess sized to
admit a bottle neck but not to admit the bottom of said bottle,
means defining an inclined surface at said station sloping
downwardly to the open top of said chute, means defining a lateral
opening at said station at the upper end of said inclined surface,
the first and second successive side edges of said opening being so
spaced in the direction of bottle movement that when a bottle
enters the station bottom foremost with its neck in the pusher
recess its bottom will be clear of said second side edge to turn in
one direction to slide bottom first down said surface when the
pusher reaches the first side edge of said opening, and when a
bottle enters the station mouth foremost its neck will be in
operative engagement with said second side edge of the opening when
its bottom passes the first side edge so that its bottom will turn
in the opposite direction to slide bottom first down said
surface.
26. In the apparatus defined in claim 25, means for adjusting the
spacing between said side edges.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates generally to apparatus for automatically
sorting and feeding articles in a desired orientation, and more
particularly to automatic material handling apparatus for feeding
articles such as lightweight, plastic bottles in a predetermined
oriented upright position to a desired processing location.
In the past, the arranging of bottles into a predetermined position
or orientation before feeding them to a desired location such as
bottle filling station has involved a great deal of manual handling
and manipulation of the bottles. Consequently, it has not been
possible to uniformly orient all the bottles to the same position
nor to feed them at a substantially uniform predetermined rate.
Additionally, several persons have been necessarily employed to
arrange the bottles in order to provide a sufficiently high rate of
feed required by the automatic bottle filling equipment. These
combined factors have produced inefficient and unpredictable
production schedules and resulted in higher operating costs.
Prior attempts to solve the problems associated with manual
handling systems by providing apparatus capable of automatically
sorting and feeding the bottles have not been entirely successful,
especially when handling lightweight, readily bounceable plastic
bottles. Known automatic feeder equipment, which usually has been
quite expensive and complicated in structure, generally has been
unsuitable for use with such plastic bottles because of their
inability to gently handle and positively control the bottles at
all times while positioning them in a predetermined orientation.
Hence, the bottles are not discharged from the feeder in a uniform,
properly arranged position. In addition, known bottle feeders are
limited in capacity, provide only relatively low feed rates, and
are not very readily adaptable for operation with various sized and
shaped bottles.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, the primary object of this invention resides in the
provision of novel apparatus for automatically orienting and
feeding articles in a uniformly stabilized position at a desired
rate of feed.
Another object resides in the provision of novel automatic
orienting and feed apparatus particularly useful with lightweight
plastic bottles or the like which are initially randomly arranged,
the apparatus uniformly orienting such bottles in a predetermined
fashion and feeding the bottles in such uniform orientation at a
high rate of feed to a desired location.
Still another object resides in the provision of a novel orienting
and feed apparatus especially useful with lightweight plastic
bottles, the apparatus being highly versatile and capable of gently
handling bottles of various sizes and dimensions to uniformly
orient and stabilize the bottles in a predetermined upright
position for transfer to a desired location.
Another object resides in the provision of a novel orienting and
feed apparatus which gently handles and positively controls
movement of the bottles while orienting and transferring them in a
stabilized upright position onto a linear transfer conveyor.
A further object resides in the provision of a novel orienting and
feed apparatus especially useful with lightweight, plastic bottles
comprising a rotating hopper or bowl into which a random supply of
bottles is placed, a plurality of discharge chutes spaced around
the bowl for rotation therewith, a plurality of bottle pushers
connected to the bowl for rotation therewith, the pushers being
mounted for vertical reciprocation relative to the wall of the
bowl, and stationary, peripherally arranged, helical discharge
tracks providing a discharge path for bottles from the bowl. As the
bowl rotates, each pusher may move a bottle up a track and deposit
it bottom-end down into an associated chute.
The apparatus further includes a linear conveyor arranged
underneath the chutes along a tangent to the circular path of
movement of the bottles in the chutes for receiving the bottles and
transferring them to the desired location. To insure stabilization
of the bottles, the rotational speed of the bowl and chutes and the
linear speed of the transfer conveyor are synchronized to provide a
smooth and steady transfer of the bottles away from the feed
apparatus.
Still another object of the invention resides in the provision of
the above described apparatus in which each of the bottles moved up
the discharge track is properly deposited bottom-end down into a
chute, regardless of whether its neck or bottom end engages the
pusher moving it up the track.
A still further object of the invention resides in the provision of
the above described apparatus in which the bottles from one of the
discharge tracks after being deposited in the chutes is moved
completely around the apparatus before being placed on the linear
conveyor to insure stabilization of the lightweight bottle during
transfer onto the conveyor.
Another object resides in a provision of the above described
apparatus including a novel chute structure having separate
compartments therein selectively receiving a bottle from one or the
other of the discharge tracks, and an adjustable cam operated,
pivotable diverter flap selectively positioned as the chute rotates
with the bowl to direct a bottle received from each of the tracks
into a selected one of the chute compartments.
Still another object resides in the provision of the above
described apparatus including common variable speed drive means for
the bowl and linear conveyor, the drive means causing the velocity
of the linear conveyor and the tangential velocity of the bottles
within the chutes to be equal so that the bottles can be gently
transferred to the linear conveyor in a steady stabilized
condition. The variable drive means also enables the apparatus to
sort and feed the properly oriented bottles at a variable rate
depending upon the requirements of the process equipment to which
they are eventually transferred.
Other objects and advantages will become more readily apparent from
the following description of the preferred embodiment as related to
the accompanying drawings. However, the description is given for
illustrative purposes only and without any intent of limiting the
invention to the specific details shown or described therein.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a generally perspective view of the orienting and feed
apparatus of the invention;
FIG. 2A is a fragmentary section elevation view taken along line
2A--2A of FIG. 3 illustrating the rotating bowl, bottle pushers,
and discharge chutes and their relation to the stationary discharge
tracks positioned within the bowl;
FIG. 2B is a fragmentary section elevation view illustrating the
drive assembly for rotating the bowl and moving the linear transfer
conveyor;
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary plan view taken along line 3--3 of FIG.
2A;
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary plan view taken long line 4--4 of FIG.
2B;
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary rear elevation view taken along line 5--5
of FIG. 3 and illustrating the compartmented chute and the article
diverter flap and its cam operated mechanism;
FIG. 6 is a fragmentary section elevation view taken along line
6--6 of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged perspective view of the bottle-engaging head
portion of the bottle pushers shown in FIG. 2A;
FIG. 8 is a fragmentary side elevation taken along line 8--8 of
FIG. 3 and illustrating the transfer station including the linear
transfer conveyor;
FIG. 9 is a fragmentary view taken along line 9--9 of FIG. 3
illustrating the cam mechanism for moving the article diverter flap
within the chute to one of its end positions;
FIG. 10 is a fragmentary view taken along line 10--10 of FIG. 3
illustrating the cam mechanism for moving the article diverter flap
within the chute to its other end position;
FIG. 11 is a schematic perspective view illustrating deposition of
a bottle bottom-end down into a chute from a discharge track, the
bottle having been moved up the track with its larger bottom end
engaging the pusher; and
FIG. 12 is a schematic perspective view similar to FIG. 11, with
the bottle, however, having been moved up the track with its narrow
neck portion received within the pusher.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Referring now to FIG. 1 of the drawings, the orienting and feed
apparatus of the invention comprises a rotating cylindrical hopper
assembly 10 into which a random supply of bottles is placed by dump
mechanism 12, with hopper assembly 10 being operative to orient and
discharge the bottles in an upright position at transfer station 13
onto a linear endless belt conveyor 14 which delivers the bottles
all uniformly arranged in a predetermined upright position to a
further processing station such as a bottle filling machine, now
shown.
As shown in FIG. 2A, hopper assembly 10 comprises bowl 16 formed by
cylindrical side wall 18 and conical bottom wall 20 terminating at
its lower end in annular plate 22, the upper surface of which is
inclined to coincide with the slope of cone 20 and has a series of
annular grooves 23 for a purpose to be described. Wall 18 and plate
22 are mounted on circular support ring 24 mounted on crossbeams 26
resting on upper mounting plate 28 centrally welded to the lower
end of an upper hollow rotating shaft 30 and bolted to lower
mounting plate 32 which is centrally welded to a lower hollow
rotating shaft 34.
Shaft 34 is bearing supported within a cylindrical casing 36 that
is fixedly mounted on stationary circular base plate 38 having
cutout section 38a in the area of transfer station 13, the base
plate being supported from the floor by a main frame 39 including a
plurality of spaced upright posts 40. A lubricant fitting 42 is
provided for lubricating the bearing supports for shaft 34.
The upper end of cone 20 is connected to the upper end of shaft 30
for rotation therewith.
The lower end of shaft 34 has spur gear 44 keyed thereon, with gear
44 being driven through pinion gear 46 by drive assembly 48
illustrated in FIGS. 2B and 4.
A stationary cone shaped member 50 (FIGS. 2A and 3) having opposed
sections 51 with smoothly inclined forward edges 52 overlies a part
of rotating cone 20 and is fixed to the upper end 54 of stationary
shaft 56 which is centered within rotating shaft 30 by bearings 55
and extends downwardly through rotating shafts 30 and 34 and is
fixed at its lower end 58 to main frame 39 (FIG. 2B).
A plurality of 12 bottle discharge chutes 60 are equally spaced
around the outer edge of wall 18 and have vertically spaced,
aligned upper and lower chute sections 62 and 64 which are
connected together by inside bracket 66, the upper end of which is
connected to support ring 24 for rotation therewith by bolt
assemblies 68.
As illustrated in FIGS. 2A, 5 and 6, chute section 62 is formed by
a pair of side panels 70 and 72 which extend above the top edge of
wall 18, a back panel 74, and a curved front panel 76 the upper
edge of which is fixed adjacent to and aligns with the top edge of
wall 18. An adjustable plate 77 is mounted on wall 18 for sliding
movement in front of the upper edge of side panel 70 and has an
inner edge 78 which along with the upper edges of panels 72 and 74
define a front opening 79 through which bottles are deposited into
the chute.
Upper section 62 has a pivotal diverter flap 80 centrally pivotally
supported therein from the lower end of panels 74 and 76 by bearing
pins 82 and 84 and also has a fixed central plate 85 extending
between panels 74 and 76 vertically below the pivot axis of flap 80
to the open bottom of section 62. A T-shaped cam follow 88 is fixed
at 90 to the outer end of bearing pin 84 and includes a pair of cam
rollers 92 and 94 actuated respectively by downwardly sloping cam
96 (FIGS. 3 and 10) and upwardly sloping cam 98 (FIGS. 3 and 9) to
selectively position flap 80 at one of its end positions and
thereby direct a bottle through one or the other of passages 86 or
87 at the sides of plate 85. An over-center tension spring 95 is
connected at one end 96' to follower 88 and at the other end 98' to
side panel 70 and functions to snap flap 80 to its end position
when follower 88 has been cam actuated a predetermined
distance.
Lower chute section 64 includes a pair of sidewalls 100 and 102, an
innerwall 104 and central divider plate 106 vertically aligned with
plate 85 to provide two compartments 108 and 110 within section 64.
The outer face 112 of section 64 is open to permit transfer of the
bottles in compartments 108 and 110 onto conveyor 14 at transfer
station 13. However, as shown in FIGS. 2A and 3, a stationary
upright circular closure plate 113 fixed to base plate 38 extends
around the outside of sections 64 to enclose the bottles therein,
with the plate being discontinued throughout the cutout section 38a
of base 38 in the area of transfer station 13 to permit the bottles
to be transferred off base 38 onto conveyor 14. A pair of spaced,
inwardly facing grooves 114 and 116 are provided in sections 64 to
assist in orientation of the bottle during transfer of the bottles
from compartments 108 and 110 onto conveyor 14.
With continued reference to FIGS. 2A and 3, removal of bottles from
bowl 16 is accomplished by a plurality of twelve pushers 120 each
located immediately adjacent a chute 60, with the pusher rotating
with bowl 16 and also reciprocating vertically relative to walls 18
and 20, each pusher comprising a lower guide portion 122 spaced
from an inclined hollow head portion 124, with the guide and head
portions extending outwardly through a vertical slot 126 in wall 18
and being connected to bearing sleeve 128 vertically slidably
mounted on rod 130 fixed at its upper end 131 to bracket 132
mounted on support ring 24 and at its lower end 134 to channel ring
136. Ring 136 is suspended from support ring 24 by interconnected
channel members 138, 140 and 142.
Guide 122 and sleeve 128 reciprocate in slot 144 extending through
support ring 24 and annular ring 22, the guide having its upper end
inclined parallel to the spaced lower end of pusher head 124 to
provide an inclined groove 146 generally coinciding with the slope
of cone 20.
As shown in FIG. 7, the hollow pusher head portion 124 has a front
opening 148 defined by the surrounding wall face 150 and
dimensioned to receive the narrow cap or neck portion "A," (FIG. 8)
of a bottle but not large enough to receive any part of the
enlarged body portion "B" of the same bottle. As is evident in FIG.
3, front wall face 150 is aligned with the edge of panel 72 of
upper chute section 62. Also, the spacing between adjacent pusher
heads 124 is sufficient to permit only a single bottle lying in a
proper horizontal position to be located therein.
In order to convey the bottles from the lower periphery of bowl 16
into chutes 60, a pair of identical stationary discharge stations
152 and 154 are provided, with the stations spaced approximately
180.degree. from each other around the bowl. As shown best in FIGS.
2A and 3, each station comprises a stationary track 156 which, at
its lower end, has a plurality of fingers 158 riding in ring
grooves 23 and extends helically upwardly in engagement with wall
18 for approximately 120.degree. to an upper discharge platform 158
having an outer wall 159 and an inner edge level with the top of
wall 18. Platform wall 159 is connected by bracket 160 to
stationary frame members 162 and 164. Track 156 and platform 158
have a thickness less than the height of groove 146 and are sloped
toward wall 18 so that the bottles are pushed up the track in a
horizontal position by pusher heads 124 in engagement with wall 18
and, when they reach platform 158, are deposited by gravity into
chute 60 associated with the respective bottle pusher.
Each pusher 120 includes at its lower end a cam follower roller 166
which rides on a 360.degree. cam 168 designed to vertically
reciprocate pusher 120 and enable it to move the bottles up track
156 at each of stations 152 and 154. As shown in FIG. 2A with
respect to discharge station 154, the contour of pusher cam face
170 follows the contour of track 156 and causes the pusher to rise,
with track 156 being positioned within groove 146 as shown with
respect to pusher heads 124a and 124b moving up the track. Upon
passing the discharge platform 158, the pusher will drop rapidly on
cam face 170 to its lowermost position shown at the left of FIG. 2A
in which it is again ready to rise when it reaches station 152.
Each of the stations 152 and 154 may include suitable sorting
devices such as a plow 172 and/or air nozzle 174 to insure that
only bottles arranged in a predetermined horizontal position on
discharge track 156 are allowed to pass to platform 158. The inner
end 176 of plow 172 is spring biased into contact with wall 18 and
curves outwardly over track 156. The other plow end 178 is
connected to a feed screw 180 mounted on frame member 162. The plow
is normally vertically adjusted by screw 180 above track 156 to
permit only one bottle engaged by a pusher 124 and lying in the
predetermined horizontal position to pass thereunder. If bottles
should become stacked one upon the other, plow 176 will direct all
but the lowermost bottle off track 156 and back into bowl 16.
As shown in FIGS. 2A, 3, and 8, the bottles which are deposited
bottom-down into one side of upper chute section 62 at discharge
station 154 do not pass directly down into lower chute section 54,
but rather land on a stationary circular smooth surface shelf 182
supported on closure plate 113 and extending between the upper and
lower chute sections in the region of transfer station 13. The use
of shelf 182 functions to sufficiently steady and stabilize the
bottles from station 154 before they are placed on conveyor 14. For
example, if shelf 182 were not employed, the lightweight bounceable
bottles would be deposited directly into lower chute section 64
from platform 158 of station 154 and would only be moved with bowl
16 through an angular distance of about 60.degree. before being
transferred to conveyor 14. Such limited annular movement for
practical sized machines has been found to be insufficient to
stabilize the bottles. Hence, shelf 182 causes these bottles to be
moved through an angular distance greater than one revolution of
the bowl, since the bottles are first moved across shelf 182 to
shelf end 184 from whence they drop into a compartment 110 of lower
chute section 64 and are then moved across the smooth surface of
base 38 around the machine as the bowl and chutes rotate until they
are placed on conveyor 14.
However, the bottles discharged from bowl 16 at station 152 drop
directly through upper chute section 62 down into lower section 64,
since these bottles will travel across base 38 around the machine
through an angular distance of about 250.degree. before reaching
conveyor 14. This distance of angular travel has been found to be
sufficient to stabilize and position the bottles before
transfer.
At transfer station 13, the bottles in the lower chute section 64
are transferred onto linear conveyor 14 which moves underneath the
chute section along a path tangent to the circular path of movement
of the chutes and the bottles therein. As shown in FIGS. 2A, 3, and
8, and as mentioned above, base 38 is cut away at section 38a to
permit transfer of the bottles therefrom onto the upper section of
the conveyor belt. Belt 14 is guided and steadied in a channel
track 186 and is positively driven by sprocket 188 from drive
assembly 48 so that its linear velocity is substantially equal to
the tangential velocity of the bottles within chute section 64 to
provide a smooth transfer of the bottles onto conveyor 14. To
assist in this transfer, a stationary part-circular guide rail 190
extends into groove 114 and a stationary brush 192 extends into
groove 116, the rail and brush being mounted on base 38. These
elements urge the bottles in chute section 64 to the outermost
portion of the chute while at the same time uniformly orient all
the bottles in the same position on conveyor 14.
Referring now to FIGS. 2B and 4, drive assembly 48 mounted on frame
39 comprises a variable speed motor 194 connected to gear reducer
196 by belt 198. Reducer 196 has one output shaft 200 connected
through overload clutch 202 to a right angle drive gear box 204
having an output shaft 206 on which is keyed pinion gear 46 which
drives the spur gear 44 to rotate bowl 16, chutes 60 and pushers
120 together.
Reducer 196 has a second output shaft 208 having an end sprocket
210 chain drive connected to sprocket 212 mounted on a frame post
40, sprocket 212 being further chain drive connected to a sprocket
214 fixed on one end of shaft 216, on the other end of which the
main conveyor drive sprocket 188 is fixed.
The drive assembly 48 and respective drive elements are sized and
adjusted so that the linear speed of transfer conveyor 14 is
substantially equal to the tangential velocity of the bottles in
lower chute sections 64 as described above.
The invention will be best understood from a description of a
typical operation of the bottle orienting and feed apparatus.
Initially, plate 77 of each chute 60 is adjusted so that the length
of opening 79 is substantially equal to the length of the body
portion "B" of the bottles being handled, i.e., as shown in FIG. 8,
the total length of the bottle minus the narrow neck or cap portion
"A" on which a closure cap is ordinarily placed. Drive assembly 48
is also adjusted to provide a desired rate of feed of the
bottles.
In operation, bottles are dumped from the dump mechanism 12 into
the bowl 16 in random orientation, and will fall by gravity down
the conical walls 20 and 51 to the lower peripheral edge of the
bowl. As bowl 16 is rotated, in the region of sections 51 each
pusher head 124 will engage a bottle and move it around a circular
path to one of the discharge stations 152 and 154. Assuming a
pusher head 124 and a bottle engaged thereby are approaching
station 154, when the lower end of track 156 is reached, the pusher
roller 166 will begin to ride up the cam surface 170 so that pusher
head 124 and the bottle begin to move up track 156 which then will
be positioned within groove 146. If the bottle is properly
oriented, that is, it is lying on its front or back in a horizontal
position on track 156 with its side in engagement with wall 18 and
with either its narrow neck received within pusher head opening 148
or its bottom end contacting the head wall face 150 as shown, for
example, against pusher head 124a in FIG. 3, the bottle will pass
underneath plow 176 up track 156 to discharge platform 158 from
which it falls by gravity into front opening 79 of the associated
chute section 62 in a bottom-end-down position. As indicated above,
pusher head 124 and plate 77 cooperate to insure that the bottles
are deposited into the chute in a bottom-down position regardless
of whether the bottle has its neck received within pusher head 124
or its bottom end engaging pusher face 150 as it is moved up track
156.
As illustrated schematically in FIG. 11 in which the bottom end of
the bottle engages pusher face 150, as the bottle reaches discharge
platform 158, the narrow neck portion will be lying in engagement
with the inside face of plate 77 and, due to the inclination of
platform 158, the bottle will pivot about plate edge 79, thus
causing the bottom end to fall by gravity into the chute.
However, as shown schematically in FIG. 12 in which a bottle moving
up track 156 has its neck received through opening 148 within
hollow pusher head 124, upon reaching the inclined discharge
platform 158, the bottle will pivot about pusher head 124 and will
fall bottom down into chute section 62.
Any bottles which are not properly positioned on track 156 as above
described will be removed from the track by plow 172 and nozzle 174
and deposited back onto the conical members 20 within the bowl and
again picked up by other pushers. It should be noted at this point
that the stationary conical members 51 do not extend over cone 20
within the general region of plows 172 so that any bottles
redeposited back into the bowl immediately contact rotating cone 20
and are carried away from the discharge stations 152 and 154 to
prevent any undesirable bottle buildup within the bowl in these
areas.
At station 154, with the flap member 80 first positioned as shown
in FIG. 3 and in full in FIG. 5, the bottle will pass downwardly
through chute section 62 through passage 87 and will land on the
top surface of stationary shelf 182. As the bowl and chutes
continue to rotate, this bottle will be moved across shelf 182 over
the transfer station 13 until shelf end 184 is reached at which
point the bottle will drop down into compartment 110 of lower chute
section 64.
As soon as pusher head 124 leaves discharge platform 158, it drops
rapidly along cam surface 170 to its lowermost position shown in
the left in FIG. 2A where it again engages a bottle and moves it
toward discharge station 152.
When the bottle from station 154 has dropped down into lower
compartment 110 and, with the bowl and chute continuing to rotate,
diverter flap 80 will be moved from its first end position wherein
it engages side panel 72 to its other end position in engagement
with side panel 70 by contactive engagement of follower roller 94
with cam 98 as shown in FIGS. 3 and 9 and with subsequent aid of
over-center spring 95. As the chute then passes discharge platform
158 of station 152, a bottle will be deposited through opening 79
of chute section 62 with its bottom down in the same manner
described above. This bottle however will pass downwardly through
chute passage 86 of upper chute section 62 and will drop directly
down into compartment 108 of lower section 64 onto the surface of
base plate 38. As the chute continues to rotate with bowl 16, the
bottles in compartments 108 and 110 will be moved across base plate
38 to transfer station 13. However, before the chute again reaches
discharge platform 158 of station 154, diverter flap 80 will be
returned to its first end position when cam roller 92 engages the
bottom cam surface of cam 96 as shown in FIGS. 3 and 10. The
operation of cams 96 and 98 insures that the bottles deposited into
chutes 60 from station 154 will always pass downwardly through
passage 87 of upper chute section 62 and eventually into lower
chute compartment 110, while those from station 152 pass through
passage 86 into compartment 108.
As shown in FIGS. 2A, 3, and 8, when lower section 64 reaches
transfer station 13, the bottles contained in compartments 108 and
110 gently slide off base 38 onto linear conveyor 14 which, as
indicated previously, has a linear velocity substantially equal to
the tangential velocity of the bottles contained within section 64.
As the bottles are placed on conveyor 14, they are also engaged by
guide rod 190 and brush 192 which properly orient and uniformly
position them on the conveyor so that all the bottles will be in
substantially the same position as they are carried off on conveyor
14 to the bottle filling station.
As the emptied lower chute section 64 continues to move in a
rotational path and leaves transfer station 13, it is then ready to
again receive in compartment 110 a bottle from the shelf end 184
and subsequently to receive a bottle in compartment 108 from the
platform 158 of discharge station 152.
It is apparent that the above described embodiment of the invention
provides a bottle feeding and orienting mechanism capable of
feeding bottles to a desired location at a high and predictable
rate of feed with all of the bottles being properly arranged in a
predetermined uniform orientation. For example, apparatus
constructed in accordance with the invention can reasonably be
expected to feed about 170 bottles per minute to a filling station.
Furthermore, another variation of the invention in which two
identical machines feed onto a common linear transfer conveyor such
as conveyor 14 can approximately double this rate of feed to about
350 bottles per minute if such a rate is required.
Among the significant features contributing to the rates of feed
which may be obtained with the apparatus of the invention is the
fact that a bottle may be discharged from each platform 158 in the
desired bottom-down position irrespective of whether or not the
bottle has ascended track 156 with either its neck or its bottom
end facing pusher head 124.
Also, the provision of a pair of discharge stations within a single
bowl 16 and the novel structure of chutes 60 aid in obtaining
increased rates of feed, since with each revolution of rotation,
lower chute section 64 is able to simultaneously transfer two
bottles onto the linear take-off conveyor 14 and thereby
effectively double the rate output over a machine which did not
employ these features.
Because the bottles, after being deposited in chutes 60, travel
through a sufficient angular distance around the machine before
they are transferred onto conveyor 14, they are resting in a stable
upright position when placed on conveyor 14 and carried away to the
next work station. The smooth bottle transfer from the surface of
the base 38 onto the conveyor at transfer station 13 is readily
accomplished because of the linear conveyor speed maintained equal
to the tangential velocity of the chutes, and also because of the
action of elements 190 and 192 which function to orient all the
bottles in substantially the same position on conveyor 14.
It is also evident that the bottles are positively controlled from
the time they are engaged by pusher heads 124, deposited in chutes
60, and transferred to conveyor 14, thereby insuring stabilization
of the bottles.
Furthermore, the apparatus of the invention is readily adaptable to
handle various sized and shaped bottles merely by adjusting the
plate 77 according to the length of the bottle as described above
and also by readjusting the position of plow 172 adjacent tracks
156.
Various modifications and additions to the above described
embodiment may be employed without departing from the scope of the
invention. For example, it is contemplated that a limit switch
assembly may be positioned adjacent the path of rotation of pusher
120 and particularly cam roller 166 to shut off the machine if one
of the pushers should become jammed in its uppermost position and
fail to drop after it passes the discharge stations 152 and 154,
thereby preventing any damage to the machine.
The invention may be embodied in other specific forms without
departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The
present embodiment is therefore to be considered in all respects as
illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being
indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing
description, and all changes which come within the meaning and
range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be
embraced therein.
* * * * *