U.S. patent number 3,662,245 [Application Number 04/885,552] was granted by the patent office on 1972-05-09 for control circuit for energizing the windings of multi-phase step motors including a two level supply voltage.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Mesur-Matic Electronics Corporation. Invention is credited to Harold R. Newell.
United States Patent |
3,662,245 |
Newell |
May 9, 1972 |
CONTROL CIRCUIT FOR ENERGIZING THE WINDINGS OF MULTI-PHASE STEP
MOTORS INCLUDING A TWO LEVEL SUPPLY VOLTAGE
Abstract
A control circuit for multi-phase step motors includes a driven
circuit responsive to timed incoming pulses to excite the motor
phases according to a predetermined switching format. A power
supply provides energization to the motor windings as the
associated phases are excited, the energizing power normally
supplied via a substantial dropping impedance. A network is
provided in circuit with the dropping impedance to bypass that
impedance and supply virtually the total power of the power supply
to the windings associated with the excited motor phases, at
selectable portions of the switching format.
Inventors: |
Newell; Harold R. (South
Newbury, NH) |
Assignee: |
Mesur-Matic Electronics
Corporation (Warner, NH)
|
Family
ID: |
25387169 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/885,552 |
Filed: |
December 16, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
318/696;
318/442 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H02P
8/165 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H02P
8/14 (20060101); H02P 8/16 (20060101); H02k
037/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;318/138,254,696,685,442
;310/49 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Simmons; G. R.
Claims
We claim:
1. A control circuit for exciting the windings of a multi-phase
step motor, said control circuit comprising a driver circuit for
exciting said windings in a preselected switching format, so that
each winding is excited during certain increments of said format
and is de-energized during certain other increments of said format,
a power supply, means coupling said power supply in circuit with
said windings and with said driver circuit to supply a voltage to
said windings upon excitation of said windings by said driver
circuit in said preselected switching format, said means coupling
including a common impedance means connected between said power
supply means and all said windings for dropping the voltage which
exists across the excited windings while said impedance means is in
circuit, and further including switch means connected across said
impedance means and effective when closed to bypass said impedance
means so as to apply substantially the entire voltage of said power
supply to said windings, and means concurrent with the pulses
activating said driver circuit for applying square waves to
transfer said switch means to its bypassing condition, and RC
timing means for timing the durations of said square waves.
2. Control circuitry for exciting the field windings of a
multiphase step motor, comprising a driver circuit for applying
energizing current pulses to said field windings in a predetermined
sequential switching format in response to sequential input pulses,
means responsive to each of said input pulses operative
concurrently with the initiation of each of said input pulses for
adding a square shaped enhancing pulse of energizing current to the
then energized one of said field windings, and a common RC timing
circuit for completely terminating each of said enhancing pulses at
a predetermined time following initiation of each of said enhancing
pulses.
3. The combination according to claim 2, wherein is provided a
bistable device normally in one state, means responsive to said
bistable device in said one state for blocking said enhancing pulse
and in another state for passing said enhancing state, means
responsive to initiation of each input pulse for transferring said
bistable device to said another state, and timing means responsive
to attainment of said another state for transferring said bistable
device to said one state following a predetermined time
interval.
4. Control circuitry for a multiphase step motor, said step motor
including plural field windings, a voltage supply, a voltage
dropping resistance, a sequencing driver means for connecting said
plural field windings sequentially to said voltage supply via said
voltage dropping resistance, a source of repetitive pulses applied
to control said sequencing driver, said sequencing driver being
operative in response to each of said repetitive pulses for
transferring energization of said field windings by said voltage
supply from one to another of said field windings, a normally open
switch connected across said voltage dropping resistance, and
bistable means responsive solely to said repetitive pulses for
transferring the state of said bistable device and for thereby
closing said switch.
5. The combination according to claim 4, wherein is provided a
timing circuit responsive to said repetitive pulses for resetting
said bistable device and thereby opening said switch after a
predetermined time interval from said closing.
6. The combination according to claim 4, wherein said last means
includes a bistable device having first and second output
terminals, said first output terminal being normally at one voltage
and said second terminal being normally at another voltage for one
stable condition of said bistable device, means connecting said
second terminal in control relation to said switch, means
responsive to each of said repetitive pulses tending to transfer
the state of said bistable device and thereby change said another
voltage to said one voltage and said one voltage to said another
voltage and thereby close said switch, a timing circuit responsive
to said repetitive pulses for resetting the state of said bistable
device after a predetermined time interval from its transfer and
thereby open said switch.
7. Control circuitry for exciting the field windings of a
multiphase step motor, comprising a plurality of field windings of
said step motor, a sequencing driver in cascade with said field
windings, said sequencing driver being responsive to each of
control pulses to effect each sequencing of said field windings, a
power supply, a voltage dropping impedance connected in series with
said field windings and said sequencing driver and said power
supply, a switch connected across said voltage dropping impedance,
a bistable device normally in one state and having connections to
said switch for maintaining said switch non-conductive when said
bistable device is in said one state and when in a second state
rendering said switch conductive, means responsive to each of said
control pulses tending to drive said bistable device into said
second state, and timing means responsive to each transfer of state
of said bistable device from said one to said another state for
resetting said bistable device after a predetermined time
interval.
8. In a step motor system, a step motor having plural stepping
windings, a sequencer, a power supply, a source of spaced
unidirectional control pulses, a voltage dropping resistance, means
responsive to each of said control pulses for advancing said
sequencer in accordance with a sequencing format to pass current
from said power supply via said voltage dropping resistance to a
different one of said stepping windings, an electronic switch
connected across said voltage dropping resistance, a flip-flop
connected to said electronic switch so as to maintain said
electronic switch conductive in one state of said flip-flop and
non-conductive in the alternate state, means responsive to each of
said control pulses for driving said flip-flop into said one of
said states, an integrator responsive to said flip-flop when in
said alternative one of said states, and means responsive to said
integrator when said integrator has achieved a predetermined
integration level for resetting said flip-flop to said alternative
state.
9. The combination according to claim 8, wherein said integrator is
a series RC circuit having a predetermined time constant.
10. The combination according to claim 9, wherein said time
constant is such that said predetermined integration level is
achieved in the time between an adjacent pair of said control
pulses.
11. The combination according to claim 9, wherein said time
constant is such that said predetermined level is achieved in the
time longer than the time between an adjacent pair of said control
pulses.
12. The combination according to claim 9, wherein said series RC
circuit includes a variable timing resistance.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is in the field of motor control circuits,
and is particularly directed to control circuits for multi-phase
step motors by which the normal energization of the windings is
supplemented at selected phase switchings.
In my U. S. Pat. No. 3,444,447, entitled "Multi-Phase Step Motor
Control Circuits Including Means for Supplementing the Normal
Energization of the Windings", I disclose multi-phase driver
circuitry in which plural switching circuits associated with
respective phases (e.g., field windings) of a step motor are
energized or activated according to a predetermined switching logic
program so that each phase is "on" for a certain period, i.e., a
time interval during which the corresponding field winding is
excited, and is "off" for a certain period, i.e., a time interval
during which the corresponding field winding is unexcited. Each
switching circuit is constructed and arranged to store energy from
the power supply for the overall network during the period its
associated phase is "off" and to supply the stored energy along
with the normally available energy from the power supply when the
associated phase is turned "on", to compensate for the otherwise
relatively slow increase in current (and voltage) level in the
excited winding(s). This is especially advantageous when the step
motor is operated at high switching speeds, because the driver
provides a torque boost by enhancing the build-up of the
torque-producing magnetic field as each winding is excited, and
without need to vary the level of the power supply according to the
speed at which the motor is operated. In effect, the driver circuit
automatically adjusts motor driving torque throughout any
variations in switching sped that may be required during motor
operation.
In a somewhat different control circuit disclosed in my
aforementioned patent, torque is maintained at a higher than normal
level by taking advantage of the generation of a high voltage
reverse polarity spike on a motor winding undergoing transition
from the excited state to the unexcited state. According to the
latter circuit embodiment, at the moment this reverse voltage surge
exceeds a predetermined voltage level, and for the duration of time
the surge exceeds that predetermined level, the entire supply
voltage, rather than the normal fraction of the supply voltage
which would otherwise be available, is applied directly across the
next winding or windings switched "on" in the energization
format.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is a variation of the torque boosting control
circuit briefly discussed immediately above, in which the
application of a supplemental voltage level to a phase (winding) as
it is turned "on" is independent of any reverse voltage surge in a
winding, and is selectively variable with respect to timing.
Briefly, according to the present invention there is provided a
driver circuit for exciting the windings of a multi-phase step
motor in a preselected switching format in which each winding is
excited during certain preselected time increments and is devoid of
excitation during certain other preselected increments of the
switching formal. A power supply is connected in energizing circuit
relation with the motor windings and the driver circuit, so that
when the windings are excited by the driver circuit excitation
current (voltage) is supplied via the power supply. An impedance is
connected in the energizing circuit to normally reduce the power
excitation level applied to the windings, and a bypass circuit is
further connected in the energizing circuit to permit bypassing the
impedance to supply substantially the entire power supply level to
the excited winding(s). Means are provided for response to driver
activation pulses to selectively energize the bypass circuit at
desired points in the switching format.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
The sole FIGURE of drawing is a circuit diagram of a preferred
embodiment of the control circuit for energizing the windings of
the multi-phase step motor.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring to the accompanying drawing, a step motor 10 is depicted
as having four phases A, B, C, D associated with windings 11, 12,
13, 14, although a step motor having a greater number of phases
might also take advantage of the principles of the present
invention. Step motor 10 is driven by a conventional driver circuit
16 which responds to pulses applied to an input path 17 to excite
one or more windings of the motor during intervals when one or more
other windings are de-energized, according to a preselected
switching format.
The input pulses 18 are to be applied to an input terminal 19 of
the overall control circuit and thence in parallel to path 17 (and
driver 16) and to an input path 20 of a flip-flop circuit 22.
Flip-flop 22 has a pair of stable operating states, one of which is
its normal quiescent state that is assumed by the flip-flop when a
trigger pulse is applied to the reset input terminal or path 23 of
the flip-flop. In the quiescent state, the voltage level appearing
at output terminal 25 is "low" (for example, a near zero voltage
level) while the voltage level at output terminal 26 is "high"
(e.g., a positive polarity). Under these conditions, PNP transistor
28 is in a cutoff state (non-conducting), and hence a low voltage
level or zero voltage appears across the base-emitter junction of
NPN transistor 29 connected to the common lead 30 of motor 10 via
resistance 31, so that the latter transistor is also in the cutoff
state. The voltage existing at the common lead 30 of motor 10 is
therefore the voltage at power supply terminal 33 less the voltage
drop across dropping resistor or current limiting resistor 35
(assuming that one or more motor windings is connected to a point
of reference potential, e.g., ground, via driver 16).
In the other state of flip-flop 22, assumed by the flip-flop when a
trigger pulse is applied to set input terminal 20, output terminal
25 is switched to the "high" level and output terminal 26 is
switched to the "low" level. Under those conditions, transistor 28
is switched to conduction, thereby raising the voltage level at the
base electrode of transistor 29 to virtually the positive level at
terminal 33, and the latter transistor accordingly also switches to
the conductive condition. The voltage level existing at common lead
30 of the motor windings is then almost the entire positive level
at power supply terminal 33.
Since terminal 25 of flip-flop 22 is at the "high" level, capacitor
38 is subjected to charging current via variable resistance 39. It
is apparent, then, that the time constant of the charging circuit
for capacitor 38 may be selected according to the voltage level at
the high terminal of the flip-flop, the capacitance value of
capacitor 38, and the resistance value of resistance 39. Since
resistance 39 is variable, its value may be selectively adjusted to
set the time constant of the charging network at any desired value.
Depending upon the selected time constant, capacitor 38 will
eventually be charged to a level equal to the peak point or
"firing" voltage level of unijunction transistor 40, so long as the
"high" voltage level continues to appear at flip-flop output
terminal 25. At that point, the unijunction transistor (UJT)
becomes highly conductive and a positive voltage appears at the
normally grounded base electrode of that transistor, and thus at
the base electrode of NPN transistor 42. The latter transistor is
turned on, causing its collector to fall suddenly negative,
triggering flip-flop 22 to the reset condition via reset input
terminal 23.
In operation of the control circuit of the accompanying drawing, a
train of pulses 18 is applied to network input terminal 19, and in
parallel to set input terminal 20 of flip-flop 22 and to input path
17 of driver circuit 16. The driver thereby turns "off" one phase
and turns "on" another phase, according to the sequential switching
logic format that has been selected for driver operation.
Simultaneously therewith, flip-flop 22 is triggered by the input
pulse at terminal 20 from the quiescent or reset state to the set
state, thereby switching transistors 28 and 29 to states of
conduction and applying the full voltage level of the power supply
at terminal 33 to the now energized winding(s) of the step
motor.
Provided that the time constant of the charging circuit of
capacitor 38 has been properly selected, the capacitor is rapidly
charged to the firing level of UJT 40 and as the UJT is rendered
conductive it also turns "on" transistor 42 to applying a reset
trigger pulse to input terminal 23 of flip-flop 22. Accordingly,
the flip-flop again assumes the quiescent state and the voltage
across the excited motor windings(s) reverts to a level diminished
by the voltage drop across limiting resistance 35.
For operation in which these events recur with each input pulse at
terminal 19, representative voltage waveforms are shown at various
points in the circuit. The turn-on pulse 48 at output terminal 26
of flip-flop 22 and which is applied to the base electrode of
transistor 28, is initiated by an input pulse 18 and in turn
initiates the high voltage pulse 50 at the motor common. When the
flip-flop is reset, at time t, the pulse 48 terminates and in turn
causes cessation of voltage supplementing pulse 50. The effect on
the current level in the excited motor winding is shown in waveform
52. From time o to time t the current level in the winding builds
up very rapidly to the desired operating level, in comparison to
the normal rate of build-up (shown dotted in waveform 52).
This control circuit causes the current in the windings of the step
motor to remain at relatively high level at high speed operation,
by momentarily raising the voltage level across the excited motor
winding(s) each time a phase switching occurs. The width of the
high voltage pulse (50) is finite, and as the stepping rate is
increased the time between the high voltage pulses is decreased.
Hence, the average voltage level across the motor windings
increases with increasing frequency, and tends to enhance the total
current, and thus the torque.
It is not essential that the time constant of the charging circuit
of capacitor 38 be set at a value which will result in repetition
of the described operation with each incoming pulse. Instead, the
time constant may be selected to result in charging of the
capacitor to the peak point of UJT40 after a series of input pulses
has been applied to terminal 19. At the conclusion of a preselected
number of the input pulses (i.e., a "block" of input pulses) the
capacitor is charged to the peak point of the UJT, and the
flip-flop reverts to the reset state. This is quite suitable for
operation at a single high stepping rate, in which event the power
supply level is appropriately selected to provide the proper
current to the windings.
* * * * *