U.S. patent number 3,661,365 [Application Number 05/093,539] was granted by the patent office on 1972-05-09 for apparatus for proportioning dry particulate materials.
This patent grant is currently assigned to W. R. Bonsal Company. Invention is credited to Fayette J. Cloud, Jr..
United States Patent |
3,661,365 |
Cloud, Jr. |
May 9, 1972 |
APPARATUS FOR PROPORTIONING DRY PARTICULATE MATERIALS
Abstract
An apparatus for continuously combining and mixing a plurality
of dry particulate materials, such as the various constituents in
dry concrete or mortar mixes, in accurate preselected proportions.
The apparatus includes a separate bin adapted to store a relatively
large quantity of each constituent, a rotatable and vibratable
screw conveyor for feeding one of the constituents from its bin at
a constant preselected volumetric flow rate, and means for feeding
a second constituent from its bin at a constant preselected
gravimetric flow rate. The gravimetric feeding means includes a
conveyor adapted to be translated at a constant speed, means for
monitoring the weight of the constituent carried on the conveyor,
and control means to adjust the rate of delivery of the constituent
onto the conveyor to maintain a substantially constant weight
thereof on the conveyor.
Inventors: |
Cloud, Jr.; Fayette J.
(Lilesville, NC) |
Assignee: |
W. R. Bonsal Company
(Lilesville, NC)
|
Family
ID: |
22239479 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/093,539 |
Filed: |
November 30, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
366/18; 366/22;
366/43 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B28C
7/0023 (20130101); B28C 9/00 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B28C
9/00 (20060101); B28c 007/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;259/154,161,162,163,164,165,18,25,26 ;222/56,57,59 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Jenkins; Robert W.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An apparatus for continuously combining at least two different
essentially dry particulate materials in predetermined proportions
comprising
a storage bin for individually storing each of said materials,
means for continuously feeding a first material at a constant flow
rate from its associated storage bin,
means for feeding a second material at a constant flow rate from
its associated storage bin and including a translatable conveyor
defining a receiving end and a discharge end, means for translating
said conveyor at a constant speed, means for delivering the second
material onto said conveyor receiving end at a variable rate, means
for monitoring the weight of the second material positioned on said
conveyor, and control means operatively associated with said
monitoring means for controlling said delivering means to maintain
a substantially constant weight of the second material on said
conveyor, and
means for receiving said first and second materials from the
associated feeding means.
2. The apparatus as defined in claim 1 wherein the storage bin
associated with the second material is positioned above said
conveyor, and
said delivering means comprises an open chute extending downwardly
from said storage bin and onto said conveyor receiving end, means
defining an opening at the lower end of said chute in communication
with said conveyor and facing said discharge end, and translatable
gate means positioned at the lower end of said chute for varying
the extend of said opening.
3. The apparatus as defined in claim 2 wherein said monitoring
means comprises means mounted at the discharge end of said conveyor
for generating a first pneumatic signal representative of the
weight of the second material carried by said conveyor, and
said control means comprises means for generating a second
pneumatic signal representative of a preselected weight of the
second material carried by said conveyor, means for sensing a
pressure differential between said first and second pneumatic
signals, and means responsive to said sensing means for translating
said gate means to thereby change the extend of said opening and
thus the amount of said second material delivered to said conveyor
until the preselected weight is present on said conveyor.
4. An apparatus for continuously combining and mixing at least two
essentially dry particulate materials in preselected proportions to
obtain a substantially homogeneous mixture comprising
a first bin adapted to store a relatively large quantity of a first
material,
a second bin adapted to store a relatively large quantity of a
second material,
means for feeding the first material from said first bin at a
constant preselected volumetric flow rate,
means for feeding the second material from said second bin at a
constant preselected gravimetric flow rate and including a
translatable conveyor defining a receiving end and a discharge end,
means for translating said conveyor at a constant speed, means for
delivering the second material onto said conveyor at a variable
rate, means for monitoring the weight of said second material
carried on said conveyor, and control means operatively associated
with said monitoring means for controlling said delivering means to
maintain a substantially constant weight of the second material on
said conveyor, and
means for receiving said first and second materials from the
associated feeding means and for mixing the same.
5. The apparatus as defined in claim 4 wherein said means for
receiving and mixing said first and second materials comprises a
hopper and means for dispensing the materials therefrom.
6. The apparatus as defined in claim 5 wherein said means for
feeding the first material from said first bin comprises a
rotatable and vibratable screw conveyor and means for rotating and
vibrating the same.
7. An apparatus for continuously combining and mixing a plurality
of essentially dry particulate materials in predetermined
proportions to obtain a substantially homogeneous mixture
comprising
a mortar storage bin,
a cement storage bin,
a plurality of constituent storage bins positioned in close
proximity to each other and including a first constituent storage
bin, a second constituent storage bin, and a third constituent
storage bin,
means for selectively feeding mortar from said mortar storage bin
at a preselected volumetric flow rate,
means for selectively feeding cement from said cement storage bin
at a preselected volumetric flow rate,
first feeding means including a discharge chute extending from each
of said first and second constituent bins and communicating with a
first common discharge chute for selectively feeding either the
first or second constituent from the associated storage bin at
preselected gravimetric flow rate,
second feeding means including discharge chute extending from said
third constituent bin and communicating with a second common
discharge chute for selectively feeding the third constituent from
said third storage bin at a preselected gravimetric flow rate,
control means for selectively feeding either mortar or cement from
the associated storage bins, and for selectively operating either
said first feeding means independently, said second feeding means
independently, or said first and second feeding means concurrently,
and
means for receiving the selected materials from the associated
feeding means.
8. The apparatus as defined in claim 7 wherein said plurality of
constituent storage bins further includes a fourth constituent
storage bin, and said second feeding means includes a discharge
chute extending from said fourth constituent bin to said second
common discharge chute and further including means for selectively
feeding either the third or fourth constituent from the associated
storage bin at a preselected gravimetric flow rate.
9. The apparatus as defined in claim 8 further comprising means for
selectively delivering the first, second, third, and fourth
constituents into their respective constituent bins, and including
means for transporting a selected one of said constituents along a
predetermined path of travel to a point overlying said four
constituent bins, first conduit means communicating with said first
and second bins for selectively transferring the selected
constituent into said first or second bins, second conduit means
communicating with said third and fourth bins for selectively
transferring the selected constituent into said third or fourth
bins, and means for selectivity connecting either said first or
said second conduit means to said path of travel to thereby permit
the conveying of the selected constituent into any of said four
constituent bins.
10. The apparatus as defined in claim 9 wherein said means for
transporting a selected constituent includes drying means
positioned along said path of travel for removing excess moisture
from the selected constituent.
Description
The present invention relates to an apparatus for continuously
combining and mixing a plurality of differing particulate materials
in accurate predetermined proportions. More particularly, the
present invention relates to an apparatus for selectively combining
and mixing the various constituents of dry concrete or mortar mixes
in predetermined proportions.
Dry concrete or mortar mixes which are adapted to be prepared for
use by merely adding water are commonly sold in relatively small
packages for use by homeowners. A produce of this type is sold
under the trademark SAKRETE, and has enjoyed a substantial
commercial success in recent years. In producing dry mixes of this
type, great care must be exercised in proportioning the several
constituents since variations in the constituents will cause
corresponding variations in the quality of the resulting concrete
or mortar. Typically, mechanical mixers of the batch type are
employed for this purpose wherein a definite quantity of each
constituent is first deposited in the mixer, then mixed, and
finally discharged in batch form at the completion of the mixing
operation. While the batch process is able to assure accurate
proportioning of the various constituents, its discontinuous
operation is entirely too slow for modern production
requirements.
To alleviate the problem of limited production associated with
batch mixers, it has been proposed to employ a continuous process
wherein independent feeding devices for the various constituents
are arranged to dispense each constituent into a common hopper in
the desired proportions. To obtain accurate proportioning, controls
are provided which monitor the weight of one of the constituents
being dispensed, and which stop and start the various feeding
devices upon the weight becoming excessive or insufficient.
However, such stopping and starting of the feeding devices results
in an overall reduction in the efficiency of the apparatus, and the
desired high production can not be achieved.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an
apparatus for continuously combining and mixing a plurality of dry
particulate materials and which does not require the stopping and
starting of the feeding operations in order to assure the proper
proportioning of each of the various constituents.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide an
apparatus which is capable of continuously proportioning and mixing
relatively large quantities of mixed dry materials in a highly
efficient and economical manner.
These and other objects and advantages of the present invention are
achieved in the embodiment illustrated herein by the provision of
an apparatus which includes a storage bin for individually storing
each of the required materials, means for continuously feeding one
of the materials at a constant preselected volumetric flow rate,
and means for continuously feeding the other required materials
from their associated bins at a constant preselected gravimetric
flow rate. Each of the gravimetric feeding means includes a
translatable conveyor defining a receiving end and a discharge end,
and means for translating the conveyor at a constant speed. The
weight of the material on the conveyor is monitored, and provision
is made for delivering the material onto the conveyor at a variable
rate to maintain a substantially uniform weight thereon.
Some of the objects and advantages of the invention having been
stated, others will appear as the description proceeds, when taken
in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which--
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an apparatus for continuously
combining and mixing a plurality of dry particulate materials
according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary view of the storage and mixing
portion of the above apparatus;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary side elevational view, partly in
section, of the gravimetric feeding means of the present
invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged fragmentary side elevational view, partly in
section, illustrating the volumetric feeding means of the present
invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a control panel associated
with the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of the control system associated
with the gravimetric feeding means of the present invention.
Referring more specifically to the drawings, the overall apparatus
of the present invention is schematically illustrated in FIG. 1 and
includes a material delivery system generally indicated at 10. The
delivery system includes a hopper 12 adapted to receive one of the
constituents from a truck, railroad car, or the like, a conveyor 14
for lifting the constituent into the furnace 16, and a dryer 18
designed to rotate and tumble the heated constituent and thereby
remove any excess moisture. From the dryer 18, the constituent is
deposited into the secondary hopper 20, and a bucket elevator 22
lifts the same from the hopper 20 onto a vibrating screen separator
24. The separator removes any large particles from the mixture for
discharge through the chute 26, and the remaining material is
conveyed to a point overlying the storage and mixing apparatus.
The storage and mixing apparatus comprises a cement storage bin 28,
a mortar storage bin 30, and four constituent storage bins
positioned in close proximity to each other. In particular, the
four storage bins include a rock storage bin 31, a mortar sand
storage bin 32, a concrete sand storage bin 33, and a specialty
sand storage bin 34.
The constituents are selectivity directed into the appropriate
storage bin from the screen separator 24 by an arrangement which
includes a first conduit 36 directed toward the bins 31 and 32, and
a second conduit 38 directed toward the bins 33 and 34. The first
conduit 36 includes a divided lower portion, with the segment 40
leading to bin 31 and the segment 42 leading to the bin 32. The
second conduit 38 is similarly divided, with the segment 44
directed to bin 33 and segment 46 directed to bin 34. Three flapper
valves are positioned within this system to selectively direct the
constituent into the proper bin. In particular, a flapper valve 48
is positioned at the top of the system to direct the constituent
into either the conduit 36 or 38. Also, a flapper valve 49 is
positioned to selectively direct the constituent between the
conduit segments 40 and 42, and a flapper valve 50 is positioned to
selectively direct the constituent into the segments 44 or 46. An
independent system (not shown) is employed for directing the cement
and mortar into their respective bins 28 and 30.
A discharge chute extends from the bottom of each of the four
constituent bins 31-34 in the manner as seen in FIG. 2. More
particularly, discharge chutes 51 and 52 extend from the bins 31
and 32 respectively, and communicate with a first common discharge
chute 56. Discharge chutes 53 and 54 lead from the bins 33 and 34
respectively and communicate with a second common discharge chute
58. The lower end of each bin 31-34 further includes a gate,
numbered 61, 62, 63 and 64 respectively, for selectively opening
the bin to its associated discharge chute. By this arrangement, it
will be seen that either the rock or mortar sand may be fed into
common chute 56, while either the concrete sand or specialty sand
may be fed to chute 58. Viewing FIG. 2, it will be noted that the
bin 34 also includes an additional discharge chute 66 and
associated flapper valve 68 for selectively directing the specialty
sand either through the chute 54 or 66.
In accordance with the present invention, provision is made for
feeding selected constituents from the bins 31-34 or certain
combinations of constituents, into a hopper 70 at a constant
preselected gravimetric flow rate. For this purpose, a pair of
oppositely directed conveyors 72 and 74 are positioned such that
the receiving end of the conveyor 72 underlies the chute 56, and
the receiving end of a conveyor 74 underlies the chute 58. The
discharge end of both conveyors overlies the hopper 70 such that a
constituent being conveyed along either conveyor will fall into the
hopper. As seen in FIGS. 2 and 3, the chutes 56 and 58 extend
downwardly and open onto the conveyor receiving end. In each case,
a side wall opening (not numbered) at the lower end of the chute
communicates with the conveyor and faces the discharge end thereof,
and a translatable gate 76 is positioned at the lower end of the
chute for varying the extend of the opening. Since the speed of the
conveyor is designed to be constant, it will be apparent that the
position of the gate 76 will in each case determine the amount of
the constituent delivered to the conveyor.
The system for monitoring the weight of the constituent positioned
on conveyor 72 is illustrated schematically in FIG. 6, it being
understood that the system for monitoring the weight on conveyor 74
is a duplicate of that shown. Also, a control panel 78 for both of
the conveyors is shown in FIG. 5, with the right half serving
conveyor 72 and the left half (having primed numerals) serving the
conveyor 74. As shown in FIG. 6, the monitoring system includes a
pneumatic load cell 80 positioned to support the discharge end of
the conveyor 72 and thereby sense the total weight thereof. The
load cell 80 is supplied with pneumatic pressure from the supply
line 81, and converts the weight of the conveyor into a first
pneumatic signal representative of the weight of the constituent
carried on the conveyor. This signal is transmitted to the biasing
regulator 82 through line 84, which serves to correct the signal
from the load cell for any error resulting from material
accumulating on the frame or other parts of the conveyor during
use. Thus periodically the conveyor is run empty and the biasing
regulator 82 is employed to zero the signal from the load cell 80
and thereby adjust for the excess weight.
The signal from the biasing regulator 82 is transmitted to the
pneumatic controller 86 which balances this signal against a preset
second pneumatic signal emanating from the regulator 88. The signal
from the regulator 88 is initially set by closing the button 89 of
the three-way switch 90 to direct the output pressure to the
recorder 92, which in turn gives a visual reading on the control
panel 78, note FIG. 5. Thus, by changing the output of the
regulator 88, the weight indicated by the recorder 92 may be
adjusted to a preselected valve. Upon release of the button 89, the
preset signal from the regulator 88 is transmitted to the
controller 86. The controller thus receives two signals, one from
the load cell 80 and another from the regulator 88. The controller
86 is designed to sense a pressure differential between these two
signals and to send a correcting pressure signal through the three
way toggle switch 93, past gauge 94, and to the gate positioner air
motor 96. As the positioner 96 moves, it translates the gate 76 and
effectively opens or closes the side wall opening in the chute 56
to thus change the amount of the constituent being delivered onto
the conveyor. By this arrangement, a constant preselected
gravimetric flow rate is obtained, which is independent of changing
densities of the constituent, or its delivery rate into the chute
56.
To feed the cement or mortar to the hopper 70 from the associated
bins 28 and 30, there is provided a feeding system which is
designed to feed the material at a constant preselected volumetric
flow rate. This system is illustrated schematically in FIGS. 1 and
2 and more specifically in FIG. 4. It will be appreciated that the
system as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is rotated 90.degree. from its
actual position in relation to the bins 31-34 for purposes of
clarity in illustration.
Each of the two volumetric feeding systems includes a rotatable
screw conveyor 100 having a receiving end in communication with the
associated bin, and a discharge end overlying a flexible downwardly
directed conduit 102. The flexible conduit 102 communicates with a
vibrating screw conveyor 104 which is rotated and vibrated by an
arrangement which includes the motor 105 and eccentric weight 106
positioned on the central shaft thereof. The discharge end of the
conveyor 104 communicates with the chute 108 to direct the material
into the hopper 70. The hopper 70 in turn communicates with a
rotatable screw conveyor 110 for mixing the various constituents
received therein, and for delivering the same to a dispensing
apparatus 112 which is designed to dispense preselected quantities
of the material into individual bags or the like in the
conventional manner.
In describing the operation of the illustrated apparatus, it will
be appreciated that the apparatus is designed to selectively
combine and mix various combinations of constituents in accurate
preselected proportions. For example, commercial dry concrete and
mortar mixes are commonly sold in the following forms:
1. Mortar Mix; comprising mortar and mortar sand.
2. Cement Mix; comprising cement and concrete sand.
3. Concrete Mix; comprising cement, concrete sand, and rock.
In addition, it is common to sell the specialty sand in bin 34
separately. Obviously, a number of other constituents could be
positioned in bins 31-34, and a number of other combinations of
these constituents could be prepared utilizing the illustrated
apparatus.
If it is desired to dispense for example mortar mix, the apparatus
is programmed to dispense mortar from bin 30 into the hopper 70 at
a constant preselected volumetric flow rate, and to dispense mortar
sand along the conveyor 72 and into the hopper 70 at a preselected
gravimetric flow rate. The two constituents are mixed by the screw
conveyor 110 and dispensed by the dispensing apparatus 112 into
individual bags.
Similarly, if it is desired to prepare cement mix, the cement is
dispensed from bin 28 at a constant volumetric flow rate, and the
concrete sand is dispensed from bin 33 at a constant gravimetric
flow rate. In dispensing the concrete mix, rock is delivered from
bin 31 at a predetermined gravimetric flow rate concurrently with
the sand which is dispensed from the bin 33 at a predetermined
gravimetric flow rate. If it is desired to dispense the specialty
sand alone, the sand may be directed through the separate chute 66
into the hopper 70, or it may be dispensed along the chute 54 and
conveyor 74 into the hopper.
The electrical control system for opening and closing the various
gates and flapper valves as described above, and for selectively
operating the various components of the apparatus, are of
conventional design well known to those skilled in the art and will
therefore not be specifically described herein.
In the drawings and specification, there has been set forth a
preferred embodiment of the invention, and although specific terms
are employed, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only
and not for purposes of limitation.
* * * * *