U.S. patent number 3,661,140 [Application Number 05/047,041] was granted by the patent office on 1972-05-09 for gas-fired furnace.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Carrier Corporation. Invention is credited to William F. Raleigh.
United States Patent |
3,661,140 |
Raleigh |
May 9, 1972 |
GAS-FIRED FURNACE
Abstract
Each heat exchanger cell mounted in the heat tunnel has an
elongated flue gas passage of serpentine form. One end of the
passage is formed with a burner inlet combustion chamber with means
to receive a burner, and the opposite end of the passage
communicates with a flue gas discharge opening connected to an
induced draft system. The intermediate portion of the flue gas
passage extends through a return bend section which is located at
the inlet end of the heat tunnel. The sides of the heat cell
diverge in a direction from the return bend portion toward the
inlet combustion chamber. A blower creates an air flow against the
return bend portion and through the tunnel in contact with the
sides of the cells. The heat exchanger cells and the sides of the
heat tunnel are arranged to provide a vaned-diffuser effect in the
heat tunnel.
Inventors: |
Raleigh; William F. (Hacienda
Heights, CA) |
Assignee: |
Carrier Corporation (Syracuse,
NY)
|
Family
ID: |
21946756 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/047,041 |
Filed: |
June 17, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
126/110R;
126/90R |
Current CPC
Class: |
F24H
3/065 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F24H
3/02 (20060101); F24H 3/06 (20060101); F24h
003/06 () |
Field of
Search: |
;126/90,91,99,104,14A,110,11B,11C,116,116B |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Myhre; Charles J.
Claims
I claim:
1. A space heating gas-fired furnace formed with a heat tunnel
having an inlet opening at one end and an outlet opening at the
opposite end, said tunnel being formed with a pair of opposed side
walls, a heat exchanger cell mounted in said tunnel and having side
walls disposed in spaced relation to said side walls of said heat
tunnel, said heat exchanger cell extending in a direction from the
inlet opening of said heat tunnel toward the outlet thereof and
being formed with a combustion inlet chamber disposed in proximity
to said tunnel outlet and a flue gas discharge opening, a flue gas
passage extending between said side walls of said cell from said
combustion inlet chamber to said discharge opening, said cell side
walls diverging in a direction from said heat tunnel inlet opening
toward said outlet opening, blower means creating air flow through
said tunnel in a direction from said tunnel inlet opening toward
said tunnel outlet opening in contact with the exterior surfaces of
said heat exchanger cell, and gas burner means arranged in
juxtaposition to said combustion inlet chamber for supplying hot
products of combustion thereto.
2. A space heating gas-fired furnace as set forth in claim 1
wherein said passage includes a return bend portion positioned at
said tunnel inlet opening, said side walls of said cell diverging
in a direction from said return bend portion toward said outlet
opening of said tunnel.
3. A space heating gas-fired furnace as set forth in claim 1
wherein said opposed side walls of said heat tunnel diverge in a
direction from the inlet opening of said tunnel toward the outlet
opening thereof.
4. A space heating gas-fired furnace as set forth in claim 1 and
including a plurality of said heat exchanger cells mounted in
spaced apart side-by-side relation in flabelliform in said heat
tunnel, said cells extending from said inlet opening of said tunnel
toward the outlet opening thereof, the cells at one side of the
lengthwise axis of said tunnel diverging from the cells at the
opposite sides of said axis, in a direction toward said tunnel
outlet opening, said opposed side walls of said tunnel diverging in
a direction from the inlet opening of said tunnel toward the outlet
opening thereof, said cells serving as diffuser vanes and in
conjunction with the diverging sides of said tunnel enhancing the
uniform flow distribution of air through said heat tunnel.
5. A space heating gas-fired furnace comprising a casing formed
with a heat tunnel, a heat exchanger cell mounted in said tunnel
and extending lengthwise thereof, said cell being formed with a
burner inlet opening and a flue gas discharge opening, said
openings being connected by an unimpeded flue gas passage of
general serpentine form for the free flow of flue gases from said
burner inlet opening to said discharge opening, said flue gas
passage including a return bend portion intermediate said burner
inlet opening and said flue gas discharge opening, said flue gas
passage having a linear inlet portion extending inwardly from said
inlet opening to a curved portion, said curved portion
communicating with said return bend portion, said return portion
terminating in a reversely curved exit portion, said exit portion
communicating with said flue gas discharge opening, a
power-operated blower mounted in said casing and having an outlet
positioned contiguous to said return bend portion of said cell for
the impingement of air thereon, said blower being operable to
create an air flow through said heat tunnel in contact with the
side surfaces of said cell, and gas burner means arranged in
operating relation to said burner inlet opening for supplying hot
products of combustion thereto.
6. A space heating gas-fired furnace as set forth in claim 5
wherein said flue gas passage diminishes in cross-sectional area
from said inlet opening to said return bend portion, and increases
in cross-sectional area from the said return bend portion to said
discharge opening.
7. A space heating gas-fired furnace as set forth in claim 5
wherein the side walls of said heat exchanger cell are free from
abrupt discontinuances.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In recent years, attention has been given to the design and
construction of gas-fired furnaces of reduced overall dimensions
and with sufficient heat output capacity to meet the conventional
requirements for domestic heating. While some of such furnaces are
smaller than previous units for the same heat output, it is yet
most desirable to further reduce the size of the furnaces and to
incorporate therein a structural arrangement which will operate
with higher heat transfer effectiveness and which may be
manufactured and serviced at less cost.
My invention has as an object a gas-fired furnace, particularly
suitable for domestic space heating and which embodies a structural
arrangement resulting in a substantial reduction of the overall
dimensions of the furnace but with an unusually high ratio of
heating capacity relative to fuel and power consumption. Due to the
unique structural arrangement and configuration involved, the
furnace of my invention permits the convenient addition of
accessories such as humidifiers, cooling coils, and the like. The
design provides high air flow for certain cooling applications, and
the combustion system is particularly suited for a multipoise
operation.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
One or more heat exchanger cells are mounted in a heat tunnel
arranged in a casing. Each heat cell has an elongated flue gas
passage of serpentine form extending from an inlet combustion
chamber to a discharge opening. The flue gas passage includes a
return bend portion positioned near the inlet end of the heat
tunnel. The sides of the heat cell diverge from the return bend
portion toward the combustion chamber and the exit opening of the
heat tunnel.
The side surfaces of the heat exchanger cells are aerodynamically
smooth, and the heat cells are disposed in the tunnel in flabelli
or fan-like form, providing a vaned-diffuser effect for the
efficient movement of air through the heat tunnel in contact with
the heat exchanger cells.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is an isometric view of a furnace structure embodying my
invention;
FIG. 2 is a front elevational view with parts broken away and parts
shown in section;
FIG. 3 is a view taken on a line corresponding to line 3--3 of FIG.
2;
FIG. 4 is a view taken on a line corresponding to line 4--4 of FIG.
2, the gas burners being omitted;
FIG. 5 is a view corresponding to line 5--5 of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is an end elevational view of a heat cell as positioned in
FIG. 4 looking to the right; and
FIGS. 7-10 are sectional views through the flue gas passage of the
heat cell, the views being taken respectively on the lines 7--7
through 10--10, FIG. 4.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The furnace consists of a casing formed of sheet material, such as
sheet metal, and having side walls 20,21, an upper front fixed wall
22, and a lower removable front wall 23. The rear wall is indicated
at 25 (FIG. 4). The upper portion of the casing contains a heat
tunnel having diverging opposed side walls 30,31 and a rear wall
32. The side walls 30,31 are formed along their forward edges with
laterally extending flanges 33 abutting the forward casing wall 22
and being affixed thereto as by screws 35 (see FIGS. 3 and 5). The
rear wall 32 of the heat tunnel is attached to the rear wall 25 of
the casing by a bracket 37 (see FIGS. 3 and 4). The side walls
30,31 of the heat tunnel diverge upwardly (see FIG. 5). The side
wall 30 is shown as being located closer to the side wall 20 than
is the side wall 31 to the casing side wall 21.
One or more heat exchanger cells 40 are mounted in the heat tunnel.
As illustrated in the drawings, there are three heat exchanger
cells arranged in the heat tunnel. The heating capacity of the
furnace is determined by the number of cells used. Each heat cell
40 is formed with an inlet combustion chamber 41 arranged in
registration with an opening 42 (FIG. 4) formed in the upper front
wall 22 of the casing. Each heat cell is formed with a radial
flange 43 encircling the open end of the combustion chamber. This
flange is formed with apertures 45 to receive fasteners 47
extending through apertures formed in the front plate 22 and
threading into the apertures 45 in the heat cell flanges. The
fasteners 47 may also serve to attach a gas burner 48 to the wall
22 in registration to each combustion chamber 41.
Each heat cell is formed with an elongated flue gas passage of
serpentine form extending from the combustion inlet chamber 41 to a
discharge opening. Referring to FIG. 4, the combustion chamber 41
is in the form of a linear portion extending inwardly from the
inlet opening and merging with a downwardly curved portion 50. The
curved portion 50 merges with a return bend portion 51 extending
from the figure line 9-9 in the right hand portion, FIG. 5,
downwardly around the bight 53, and upwardly to the dashed line
56.
The return bend portion 51 joins with a reversely curved area 57
forming part of an exit portion 59 which communicates with a flue
gas discharge opening 60. The discharge opening 60 of the heat
exchanger cell is encircled by an outwardly flaring flange 61
abutting against a plate 63 (see FIGS. 3 and 4). The plate 63
inclines downwardly and rearwardly from the front wall 22 and is
formed at each side edge with a forwardly bent flange 65. The
flanges 65 are attached to the side walls 30,31 of the heat tunnel
as by screws 67. The front wall 22 is also formed along each side
edge with a forwardly bent flange 70 which is attached to the
casing side walls 20,21 as by screws 71.
A floor plate 73 is formed at each end with a downwardly bent
flange 75 which is attached to the casing side walls 20,21 as by
screws 76. The screws 71,76 in side wall 20 appear in FIG. 1.
The floor plate 73 extends inwardly under the lower edge of the
front plate 22, and continues on a slight distance past the lower
edge of plate 63. The plates 22,63,73 and tunnel sides 30,31 form a
flue gas collector chamber 77 (FIGS. 3 and 4) for reception of flue
gases discharged from the heat exchanger cells. The flue gases and
products of combustion are moved through the serpentine flue gas
passage into the flue gas collector chamber 77 by a combustion
suction fan 78 driven by a motor mounted in housing 79. The fan 78
is mounted in a fan housing 80 attached to a plate 81 overlapping
the lower part of the front wall 22 and secured thereto as by
screws 83. The plates 22,81 are formed with an opening 85 (see FIG.
4) in registration with the intake of fan 78. The flue gases are
drawn from the collector box through the passage 85 and are
discharged into a vertical drafthood 90 located in an area aligned
with the space between the heat tunnel side wall 31 and the casing
side wall 21 (see FIGS. 1, 2, and 3).
The casing side wall 21 at its upper edge is bent inwardly to form
a flange 91. The inner edge of the major portion of flange 91 is
bent upwardly forming a flange 92. The upper end of the tunnel side
wall 31 is fixed to the flange 92. The opposite casing side wall 20
is bent inwardly along its upper edge to form flange 94 which is
bent upwardly to form a flange 95 to which the upper end of the
opposite tunnel wall 30 is affixed (see FIGS. 1, 3, and 5). The
rear casing wall 25 is also bent inwardly along its top edge, as at
96. An angle member 97 is fixed to the flange 96 forming a flange
98 to which the rear heat tunnel wall 32 is affixed (FIGS. 3 and
4).
A plate 100 is mounted on the forward portions of the inwardly bent
flanges 91,94 on the casing side walls 20,21. The plate 100 is
formed with a full length depending flange 101 extending
transversely across the top portion of the cabinet (see FIG. 1).
The plate 100 is formed with a circular opening in which a circular
flange 103 is mounted, and serves for the connection to an exhaust
stack (not shown). The major portion of the plate 100 is bent
upwardly along its rear edge to form a flange 105 to which the
upper end of the front plate 22 is fixed. The flanges 92,95,98, and
105 serve for the convenient attachment of a duct system to the
upper end of the heat tunnel.
The side walls 30,31 of the heat tunnel incline downwardly and
rearwardly from the inner end of the floor plate 73 (see FIGS. 3
and 4). These inclined edges of the tunnel side walls are flanged
outwardly as at 110. The rear wall is inclined downwardly and
forwardly as at 111. The lower edge of the inclined portion 111 is
formed with a channel 112 for the reception of a flange 113 formed
on the wall 114 of a blower housing 115. The side walls of the
blower housing 115 are formed, at the discharge of the blower, with
similar flanges 117 which abut against the flanges 110. With this
arrangement, the blower housing 115 is attached to the lower end of
the heat tunnel by the channel formation 112 and by screws 118,
fixing the side flanges 117 to the flanges 110 on the tunnel walls
30,31. The blower housing is also supported by angle brackets 119
fixed to the floor plate. An impeller 123 is mounted on the output
in the housing 115 and serves to create an air flow upwardly
through the heat tunnel and in contact with the outer surfaces of
the heat exchanger cells 40.
The gas burners 48 may be of any suitable type which will operate
to efficiently supply gaseous hot products of combustion to the
inlet combustion chambers 41 of the heat exchanger cells. In FIG.
1, the burners 48 are supplied by a manifold 130 connected to a
control mechanism 131 supplied with gas from a conduit extending
through the aperture 132 in the side wall 20 of the casing. By
operation of the combustion fan 78, the flue gases are drawn
downwardly around the bight 53 of the return bend portion 51 of the
flue gas passage and thence upwardly and outwardly into the flue
gas collector chamber 77. The exhaust gases are then moved upwardly
through the drafthood 90 to the stack connected to the flange
103.
The structural arrangement of the heat cell 40, its position in the
heat tunnel, the arrangement of the heat tunnel, and the
arrangement of the air circulating blower 115 are important
features of this invention.
The heat exchanger cell 40 is formed of a pair of complemental
mating sections or side members which are formed with confronting
concavities which, when the sections are fixedly secured together,
form the elongated flue gas passage of serpentine configuration.
Each section is formed along its outer edge with a flange 150 and
with a similar flange 151 between the inner and outer legs of the
flue gas passage (see FIG. 4). The flange 150 has a wider portion
153 intermediate the portions 51,57 of the passage exit portion 59.
These flanges 150,151, and 153 are fixedly secured together as by
welding or the like.
The flue gas passage is formed with the largest cross-sectional
dimension in the area of the combustion chamber 41. As the passage
extends from the combustion chamber area 41, it is reduced in
cross-sectional area. This reduction will be apparent comparing
FIGS. 6,7, and 8. The curved area continues to reduce in
cross-sectional area to the return bend portion 51. The beginning
of this section is indicated in FIG. 9 of the drawings. This area
in the return bend section is uniform from the line 9--9 to at
least the dashed line 56 in FIG. 4. The cross-sectional area of the
flue passage increases through the exit portion 59 (see FIG.
10).
It will be apparent the elongated serpentine passage of the heat
exchanger cell is free of all impedance, such as baffles and the
like, to the flow of flue gases through the flue gas passage.
It will be further noted that the return bend portion 51 of the
flue gas passage is of reduced width and thickness. This results in
creating high velocities in the flue gases with corresponding high
flue side heat transfer coefficients. This feature, plus the
elongated serpentine passage, results in the heat cell having an
unusually small height and width dimension and simultaneously
having an unusually high heat load capacity. As will be apparent,
this results in a very substantial reduction in the size of the
furnace casing in ratio to the heat output of the furnace.
A further feature of the heat cell construction resides in the fact
that both the exterior surface of the cell and the side walls of
the flue gas passage are free from abrupt discontinuancies. This is
not only of importance for the free flow of the flue gases through
the flue gas passage, but it is also particularly beneficial in the
flow of air through the heat tunnel. Also, the absence of abrupt
discontinuancies in the side walls of the heat exchanger cells is
of importance in avoiding thermal fatigue of the metal due to
possible stress concentration. It should be observed that the most
narrow portion or section of the heat cell is positioned at the
bottom of the heat tunnel; that is, near the inlet thereof.
Air discharged from the blower 115 is impinged directly upon the
return portions of the heat cells; and due to the fact that the
sides of the cells are aerodynamically smooth and diverge upwardly,
the air flow is moved into efficient contact with the side surfaces
of the cells. The flabelliform or fan-like arrangement of the heat
cells, in conjunction with the diverging side walls of the heat
tunnel, is particularly inducive to the efficient movement of air
upwardly through the heat tunnel. With this arrangement, the blower
is effective to move the maximum volume of air with minimum
consumption of power. This is not only of importance when the unit
is operated as a furnace. The unrestricted and even distribution of
the air flow upwardly through the tunnel is particularly
advantageous when a refrigerant coil is mounted at the upper end of
the tunnel for air conditioning during the summer period. It
permits full realization of cooling coil performance.
It will be apparent that the particularly efficient heat cells are
very economically produced by being stamped and formed from sheet
metal, the assembly of the cell only requiring the affixing of the
flanges 150,151, and 153 on the mating sections.
While I have illustrated and described a highly practical
embodiment of my invention, it is to be understood changes may be
made in certain areas of the structural arrangement without
departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in
the appended claims.
* * * * *