U.S. patent number 3,661,018 [Application Number 05/043,769] was granted by the patent office on 1972-05-09 for electric brusher.
Invention is credited to Richard K. Keefer, James L. Samorian.
United States Patent |
3,661,018 |
Keefer , et al. |
May 9, 1972 |
ELECTRIC BRUSHER
Abstract
An electric brusher includes an action which both rotates and
reciprocates to provide good brushing action. The brush is secured
to a driven shaft which is slidably mounted with respect to a
rotary drive shaft and which is operably connected to the rotary
drive shaft for rotation therewith. A cam wheel rotates with the
drive shaft or the driven shaft and causes the driven shaft to
reciprocate axially with respect to the drive shaft.
Inventors: |
Keefer; Richard K. (Rockford,
IL), Samorian; James L. (Rockford, IL) |
Family
ID: |
21928799 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/043,769 |
Filed: |
June 5, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
74/22R; 310/80;
15/22.1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61C
17/3472 (20130101); A46B 13/023 (20130101); A46B
15/0002 (20130101); A61C 17/26 (20130101); A61C
17/3445 (20130101); A61C 2204/002 (20130101); Y10T
74/18024 (20150115); A61C 17/3418 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61C
17/16 (20060101); A61C 17/34 (20060101); A61C
17/26 (20060101); A46b 013/02 (); F16h
023/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;15/3,53,22,23,24,28,29,97 ;74/22 ;310/80,82,83,84 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Roberts; Edward L.
Claims
We claim:
1. An apparatus comprising a casing, a motor mounted in the casing,
the motor having a rotary drive shaft, a driven shaft rotatably and
slidably mounted in the casing, the driven shaft being movable
axially relative to the drive shaft, means connecting the drive
shaft and the driven shaft for rotating the driven shaft as the
drive shaft rotates, a cam wheel mounted on the driven shaft for
rotation therewith, and abutment means mounted on the casing and
engageable with the cam wheel for reciprocating the cam wheel and
the driven shaft axially as the cam wheel rotates, the abutment
means being movable between a first position in which the abutment
means is engageable with the cam wheel and a second position in
which the abutment means is not engageable with the cam wheel
whereby the driven shaft can be caused to reciprocate or not
reciprocate as it rotates.
2. An electric apparatus comprising a casing, an electric motor
mounted in the casing, the motor having a rotary drive shaft, a
driven shaft rotatably and slidably mounted in the casing, the
driven shaft and the drive shaft being telescopingly engaged and
being secured against relative rotational movement whereby the
driven shaft rotates with the drive shaft but is slidable axially
relative thereto, a cam wheel mounted on the driven shaft for
rotation therewith, abutment means mounted on the casing and
engageable with the cam wheel for reciprocating the cam wheel and
the driven shaft axially as the cam wheel rotates, the abutment
means being movable between a first position in which the abutment
means is engageable with the cam wheel as the wheel rotates and a
second position in which the abutment means is not engageable with
the cam wheel whereby the driven shaft can be caused to reciprocate
or not reciprocate as it rotates, and a spring ensleeved on the
driven shaft resiliently urging the cam wheel against the abutment
means.
3. An apparatus for providing rotating and reciprocating movement
to a driven shaft comprising a frame, a motor mounted on the frame
having a rotary drive shaft, a driven shaft rotatably and slidably
mounted on the frame, the driven shaft having an axially extending
bore telescopingly receiving the drive shaft, the wall of the bore
and the outer wall of the drive shaft each having an axially
extending groove, ball bearing means between the driven shaft and
the drive shaft received by the grooves for securing the driven
shaft and the drive shaft against relative rotational movement
while permitting relative axial sliding movement, ball retaining
means removably secured to the end of the driven shaft which
receives the drive shaft, the ball retaining means having a
shoulder extending radially inwardly beyond the groove of the
driven shaft to prevent the escape of the ball bearings, a cam
mounted on the driven shaft for rotation therewith, and abutment
means mounted on the frame and engageable with the cam for
reciprocating the cam and the driven shaft axially as the cam
rotates.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 in which the ball retaining means
includes an annular ring threadedly received on the end of the
driven shaft.
5. The apparatus of claim 3 in which the ball retaining means and
the cam is provided by an annular ring threadedly received on the
end of the driven shaft and having a cam surface.
Description
BACKGROUND
This invention relates to an electric brusher, and, more
particularly, to an electric brusher which is particularly suitable
for use as a toothbrush.
Proper dental hygiene requires that the teeth be brushed in the
proper manner. It has long been recognized that the manual brushing
of teeth frequently includes improper brushing technique. For
example, the labial surfaces of the teeth should properly be
brushed in an up-and-down manner, while the occlusal surfaces of
the teeth should be brushed by a back-and-forth motion across the
tooth surface.
Since a person cannot always be depended upon to use the proper
motion, particularly in the case of infants, electric toothbrushes
have become popular in the last several years. However, even
electrical toothbrushes have not provided completely satisfactory
operation. Most electric toothbrushes provide merely a simple
up-and-down brushing action or a simple reciprocating brushing
action. If the brush moves up and down, it tends to push the gum
away from the base of the tooth and creates a sensitive and
vulnerable area at the gum line which is prone to decay.
In contrast to a simple up-and-down motion, the preferred brushing
action is a downward stroke of the toothbrush on the upper teeth
away from the upper gums and an upward stroke of the brush for the
lower teeth, always brushing away from the gum line toward the
occlusal surfaces of the teeth and not toward the gum line.
SUMMARY
The invention provides an apparatus with the desired brushing
action. The toothbrush can be provided selectively with rotary
motion in one direction, rotary motion in the other direction,
reciprocating motion, or both reciprocating motion and rotary
motion in one or the other direction simultaneously. The brush is
connected to a driven shaft which is rotated by a drive shaft
powered by a conventional reversible electric motor. The driven
shaft is mounted for axial sliding movement relative to the drive
shaft, and a cam wheel mounted for rotation with either the driven
shaft or the drive shaft causes the driven shaft to reciprocate
axially with respect to the drive shaft.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention is explained in conjunction with illustrative
embodiments shown in the accompanying drawing in which
FIG. 1 is a perspective view, partially broken away, of an electric
toothbrush formed in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 2 is a broken perspective view of another embodiment of the
invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view taken along the
longitudinal centerline of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is an exploded view of some of the components of the
toothbrush of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along the line 5--5 of FIG. 1.
DESCRIPTION OF SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS
The invention will be explained with reference to a toothbrush
designated generally by numeral 10 in FIG. 1. In the embodiment
illustrated, the toothbrush 10 includes an elongated, generally
cylindrical outer casing or frame 11 which encloses a conventional
rechargeable direct-current electric motor 12 and a rechargeable
battery 13. However, it is to be understood that the motor could be
powered by other means, for example, by a 110 volt voltage-dropping
transformer, or the motor could be powered hydraulically. A
cylindrically shaped toothbrush 14 mounted on brush shaft 15
extends forwardly from the front wall 16 of the casing, and
conventional 110 volt a.c. terminals 17 extend rearwardly from the
rear end 18 of the casing.
The terminals 17 are adapted to plug into a standard 110-115 volt,
single phase, 60 cycle conventional recharging stand which
recharges the battery 13 when the toothbrush is not in use. The
recharging stand permits the direct current battery to be charged
by alternating current, and also may serve as a brush holder for
the removable brush and brush shaft. The motor 12 includes a first
contact 19 which electrically engages one of the terminals 20 of
the battery and a second contact 21 engaging the other terminal
(not shown) of the battery.
The electric motor 12 includes a rotary drive shaft 22 which
extends axially within the cylindrical casing 11 and which is
telescopingly or slidably received by a generally cylindrical
driven shaft 23 having an internal diameter slightly larger than
the outside diameter of the drive shaft 22. Referring to FIGS. 3-5,
the drive shaft 22 is provided with a pair of diametrically opposed
axially extending grooves 24 which receives a plurality of steel
ball bearings 25. The interior wall of the cylindrical driven shaft
23 is also provided with diametrically opposed axially extending
grooves 26, and the grooves 24 and 26 are seen to be generally
arcuate in cross section having approximately the same radius as
that of the ball bearings. The outside diameter of the drive shaft
22, the inside diameter of the driven shaft 23, the depth of the
grooves 24 and 26, and the diameter of the ball bearings are all
correlated to permit the drive shaft to be slidably received by the
driven shaft so that the ball bearings 25 provide sliding bearing
action for the relative axial sliding movement of the two shafts
while operatively connecting the two shafts against relative
rotational movement in the manner of a splined connection. Thus, as
the rotary drive shaft 22 rotates in one direction, the driven
shaft 23 is caused to rotate with the drive shaft by the ball
bearings.
The forward end of the driven shaft 23 extends through a suitable
opening 27 in the forward wall of the casing 11 and is slidably and
rotatably mounted by means of annular bearing 28. The bearing 28 is
in turn rotatably mounted within the opening in the forward wall of
the casing by means of ball bearings 29 which are contained within
suitable grooves provided in the bearing 28 and the forward wall
16.
The brush 14 is seen to be generally cylindrically shaped and is
carried by the brush shaft 15 which is received by the forward end
of the driven shaft 23. The rearward end of the brush shaft 15
includes a pair of radially outwardly extending ribs or flanges 30,
and the end of the brush shaft is provided with a circumferentially
extending annular groove 31.
The forward end of the driven shaft 23 is provided with axially
extending slots 32 which receive the ribs 30 on the brush shaft and
secure the brush shaft 15 for rotation with the driven shaft 23.
The outer surface of the driven shaft is provided with a
circumferentially extending groove 33, and an opening 34 is
provided in the groove through the wall of the driven shaft. A
generally C-shaped spring clip 35 which includes an inwardly
extending generally V-shaped locking portion 36 is sized to be
received in the groove 33 so that the locking portion 36 extends
through the opening 34 to engage the groove 31 on the brush shaft,
thereby preventing withdrawal of the brush shaft from the driven
shaft. The resilient retainer clip 35 may readily be flexed to
permit withdrawal of the brush shaft from the driven shaft when it
is desired to change brushes.
A generally cylindrical hardened steel cam wheel 38 is mounted on
the rearward end of the driven shaft 23 and includes a generally
planar annular forward surface 39 and a rearward, contoured cam
surface 40 which includes a camming portion 41 extending rearwardly
from the remainder of the surface 40. A helical compression spring
42 (shown partially broken away) is ensleeved on the driven shaft
between the forward wall 16 of the casing and the cam wheel 38 and
urges the driven shaft rearwardly with respect to the forward wall
16. The diameter of the helical spring may be such that the forward
end thereof engages the annular bearing 28 which rotates in the
same direction as the driven shaft, although perhaps at a slower
rate since the driven shaft is slidably received by the bearing 28.
The rearward end of the spring engages the annular forward surface
39 of the cam wheel, and the spring therefore may rotate at
approximately the same speed as the driven shaft so that friction
between the spring and the driven shaft is minimized.
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 5, the cam wheel 38 is engageable with a
cam block or abutment 43 which is pivotally mounted on the casing
11 by means of pivot pin 44 for pivotal movement in a plane
perpendicular to the axis of the driven shaft. The cam block 43
includes a cam engaging end 43a which is engageable with the
camming surface 40 of the cam wheel and a lever end 43b which
extends through an opening in the casing. The cam block is anchored
against axial movement, and when the cam block is in the position
illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 5, the spring 42 urges the cam wheel
against the cam block. As the driven shaft is rotated by the drive
shaft, the camming surface 40 of the cam wheel rotates against the
cam block 43. As the camming portion 41 of the cam wheel approaches
the cam block, the driven shaft and the brush 14 are moved axially
forwardly against the resilient urging of spring 42. As the cam
portion 41 rotates beyond the cam block, the driven shaft and brush
are urged rearwardly by the spring to their original positions. The
particular cam wheel illustrated has one rearwardly extending cam
portion 41, and the brush 14 therefore makes one complete
reciprocation for each revolution of the drive shaft.
If it is desired to have the brush merely rotate and not
reciprocate, the camming end 43a of the cam block 43 may be pivoted
out of engagement with the cam wheel by pressing the lever end 43b
which extends exteriorly of the casing.
The amount of relative sliding movement of the shafts 22 and 23 can
be limited by correlating the number of balls and the length of the
grooves 24 and 26. Referring to FIG. 5, the ends of groove 24 are
provided by forward and rearward shoulders 22a and 22b ,
respectively. Groove 26 extends from shoulder 23a to the rearward
end 23b of the shaft 23. The rearward end of the groove 26 is
closed by a radially inwardly extending shoulder 45 on the cam
wheel 38, and the cam wheel can be conveniently mounted on the
driven shaft by providing the driven shaft with external screw
threads 46 which engage corresponding threads in the cam wheel.
The lengths of the grooves 24 and 26 are approximately the same,
and the number of ball bearings is selected so that the groove
length is greater than the total axial length of the bearings by at
least the distance of reciprocation caused by the cam. For example,
in one embodiment of the invention, the cam caused reciprocation of
about one-eighth inch, and the total axial length of the bearings
was about one-fourth inch less than the lengths of the grooves.
The driven shaft 23 can move to the left from the position
illustrated in FIG. 5 until the shoulder 45 of the cam wheel forces
the ball bearings against the shoulder 22a which provides the
forward end of the groove 24. The shaft 23 can move to the right
until the shoulder 23a of the shaft 23 forces the ball bearings
against the shoulder 22b of the shaft 22. These shoulders therefore
act as stop means to prevent withdrawal of the driven shaft from
the casing and to limit the inward movement of the driven shaft
under the urging of the spring 42 when the cam block 43 is pivoted
away from engagement with the cam.
The shafts can be assembled by inserting the shaft 22 part way into
the shaft 23, inserting the ball bearings into the grooves, and
then threading the cam wheel onto the shaft 23 to close the groove
26.
A sliding three-position switch 47 is mounted on the casing for
turning the motor on and off. Advantageously, the motor is
reversible, and the switch 47 may be moved to provide the desired
direction of rotation of the drive shaft.
If the toothbrush 10 as shown in FIG. 1 is grasped by the right
hand and is to be used to brush the lower teeth, the switch 47 can
be moved to cause the electric motor to rotate the brush 14 in the
direction of the arrow A so that the brush will brush upwardly from
the gum line toward the occlusal surfaces of the lower teeth. At
the same time, the cam block 43 can be positioned so that the
driven shaft and the toothbrush either reciprocate or do not
reciprocate with respect to the drive shaft. When the upper teeth
are to be brushed, the switch 47 is moved to reverse the rotation
of the drive shaft 22 and cause the brush to rotate in the
direction indicated by the arrow B. Again, the cam block may be
positioned to provide reciprocation or no reciprocation as
desired.
When the occlusal surfaces are being brushed, it is generally
desired to provide reciprocating action to the brush along with
rotary action in either direction, and reciprocating motion may be
imparted to the brush by moving the cam block so that the camming
end thereof engages the cam wheel as the cam wheel rotates.
The driven shaft 23 is seen to include an axial extending slot 47
which extends for a majority of the length of the shaft, and we
have found that this slot may be helpful for machining the grooves
26 which are provided in the inner wall of the driven shaft for the
bell bearings 25.
A modified toothbrush 50 is illustrated in FIG. 2 and includes an
elongated casing 51, a reversible d.c. motor 52 which is powered by
a rechargeable battery (not shown) similar to the battery 13, and
recharging terminals 54 adapted to be plugged into a recharging
stand.
A hardened cam wheel 55 which is mounted directly on the rotary
drive shaft 56 of the motor for rotation therewith. A gear wheel 57
is also carried by the drive shaft 56, and the forward end of the
drive shaft may be journaled in a suitable bearing 58 which is
mounted on the forward wall 59 of the casing.
A secondary drive shaft 60 extends parallel to the drive shaft 56
and the rearward end thereof is journaled in bearing 61 mounted
within the casing. The forward end of the shaft 60 is slidably
received by driven shaft 62 in the same manner as described with
respect to the drive shaft 22 and the driven shaft 23. Thus, each
of the outer wall of the shaft 60 and the inner wall of the hollow
driven shaft 62 is provided with a pair of diametrically opposed
axially extending grooves which cooperate with steel ball bearings
which permit relative axial sliding movement but lock the two
shafts against relative rotational movement. It will be understood
that other types of splined connections may be used which will lock
the cooperating shafts against relative rotational movement while
permitting relative axial movement.
The forward end of the driven shaft 62 may be rotatably and
slidably mounted in the forward wall 59 of the casing as described
hereinbefore with respect to the driven shaft 23, and a toothbrush
shaft 63 carrying a brush 64 can be slidably received by the driven
shaft and held by retaining clip 65.
The secondary drive shaft 60 carries a gear wheel 66 which meshes
with the gear wheel 57 carried by the drive shaft 56. The rearward
end of the driven shaft 62 includes a radially enlarged hardened
steel wheel 67 which is engageable with the camming surface 68 of
the cam wheel 55, and a compression spring 69 may be ensleeved on
the reciprocating shaft 62 for resiliently urging the wheel 67
against the cam wheel.
As the drive shaft 56 rotates, the shaft 60 will also rotate,
although in the opposite direction. Rotation of the drive shaft 56
also causes rotation of the cam wheel 55, and the camming surface
68 thereof causes the driven shaft 62 to reciprocate while it is
rotating.
If desired, the cam wheel may be mounted on the rearward end of the
driven shaft 62, and the wheel 67 may be mounted on the drive shaft
56 for engagement with the cam wheel. Also, the driven shaft may be
geared up or down with respect to the drive shaft 56 by selecting a
desired gear ratio for the gears 57 and 66.
While we have described our invention with particular reference to
a toothbrush, it will be understood that our reciprocating and
rotary brush can be used for many purposes other than dental
hygiene.
While in the foregoing specification, we have set forth detailed
descriptions of specific embodiments of our invention for the
purpose of illustration, it is to be understood that many of the
details hereingiven may be varied considerably by those skilled in
the art without departing from the spirit and scope of our
invention.
* * * * *