U.S. patent number 3,659,790 [Application Number 05/031,709] was granted by the patent office on 1972-05-02 for method and apparatus for applying coating material.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation. Invention is credited to Robert J. Gelin.
United States Patent |
3,659,790 |
Gelin |
May 2, 1972 |
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR APPLYING COATING MATERIAL
Abstract
A method and apparatus are provided for spraying reinforced
resinous coating material on a surface. Resin and an accelerator
are sprayed from one spray device and resin and catalyst are
sprayed from a second spray device, each spray being shaped as a
horizontally disposed ellipse, as viewed in cross section. The two
sprays are directed in converging paths and a flat spray of
reinforcing fibers is directed from above in a converging path with
the other two sprays. In a preferred form, the resin and
accelerator are mixed upstream of one spray device and the resin
and catalyst are mixed in a mixing head adjacent the other spray
device.
Inventors: |
Gelin; Robert J. (Newark,
OH) |
Assignee: |
Owens-Corning Fiberglas
Corporation (N/A)
|
Family
ID: |
21860983 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/031,709 |
Filed: |
April 24, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
239/336;
239/DIG.8; 239/428; 239/422 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B05B
7/1495 (20130101); B29C 70/305 (20130101); B05D
1/34 (20130101); B05D 2601/20 (20130101); Y10S
239/08 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B05D
1/00 (20060101); B05D 1/34 (20060101); B05B
7/14 (20060101); B05b 007/14 () |
Field of
Search: |
;239/DIG.8,336,422,428
;117/105.5 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Wood, Jr.; M. Henson
Assistant Examiner: Grant; Edwin D.
Claims
I claim:
1. Apparatus for spraying coating material comprising a first spray
device, means for supplying accelerator to said first spray device,
means for supplying atomizing gas under pressure to said first
spray device, means for supplying resin to said first spray device,
said first spray device being effective to combine and to spray the
resin and the combination gas and accelerator, a second spray
device, a mixing head adjacent said second spray device, means for
supplying catalyst to said mixing head, means for supplying
atomizing gas to said mixing head, said mixing head having means
for combining the atomizing gas and the catalyst, means for
supplying resin to said second spray device, means for supplying
the combined atomizing gas and catalyst to said second spray device
from said mixing head, said second spray device being effective to
combine and to spray the resin and the combination gas and
catalyst, said first and second spray devices being positioned such
that a spray of resin and accelerator issuing from said first spray
device will intersect a spray of resin and catalyst issuing from
said second spray device.
2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by said
resin-supplying means for said first spray device includes a first
positive displacement pump, said resin-supplying means for said
second spray device comprises a second positive displacement pump,
and common drive means for driving both pumps.
3. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized by said supply
means for supplying accelerator to said first spray device
comprises a third positive displacement pump, said means for
supplying catalyst to said mixing head comprises a fourth positive
displacement pump, said third and fourth positive displacement
pumps being driven by said common drive means.
4. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized by said supply
means supplying accelerator to said first spray device comprises
said first positive displacement pump and a third positive
displacement pump.
5. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized by a mixing device
located between said first positive displacement pump and said
third positive displacement pump, means for supplying resin to said
mixing device, the resin and the accelerator from said first
positive displacement pump being first combined in said mixing
device, and the combination then being supplied to said first spray
device by said first positive displacement pump.
6. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized by a mixing
device, said means for supplying accelerator and resin to said
first spray device comprising means for supplying accelerator first
to said third positive displacement pump, means for supplying
accelerator from said third pump to said mixing device, means for
supplying resin to said mixing device, means for supplying the
combination resin and accelerator to said first positive
displacement pump, and means for supplying the combination resin
and accelerator from said first positive displacement pump to said
first spray device.
7. Apparatus for spraying coating material comprising a first spray
device, means for supplying a metered, predetermined quantity of
accelerator to said first spray device, means for supplying a
metered, predetermined quantity of resin to said first spray
device, means for supplying atomizing gas under pressure to said
first spray device, said first spray device being effective to
combine and to spray the atomizing gas and the combination resin
and accelerator, a second spray device, a mixing head adjacent said
second spray device, means for supplying a metered, predetermined
quantity of catalyst to said mixing head, means for supplying
atomizing gas to said mixing head, said mixing head being effective
to combine the atomizing gas and the catalyst, means for supplying
a metered, predetermined quantity of resin to said second spray
device, means for supplying combined atomizing gas and catalyst to
said second spray device from said mixing head, said second spray
device being effective to combine and to spray the resin and
combination gas and catalyst, said first and second spray devices
being positioned so that the spray issuing from said first spray
device will intersect the spray issuing from said second spray
device.
8. Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized by each of said
metered quantities being controlled by a positive displacement
pump, and common means for driving all four of said pumps.
9. Apparatus for applying a reinforced coating material to a
surface comprising first spray means for forming a first spray of
liquid coating material in a pattern which is elongate in a
direction taken transversely through the spray with the major
dimension thereof disposed generally horizontally, said first spray
means directing the first spray toward the surface, second spray
means for forming a second spray of liquid coating material in a
pattern which is elongate in a direction taken transversely through
the spray with the major dimension thereof disposed generally
horizontally, said second spray means directing the second spray
toward the surface on a converging path with the first spray, third
spray means for forming a spray of particulate, reinforcing
material, said third spray means directing the last-named spray
toward the surface and on a converging path with the two liquid
sprays.
10. Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized further by said
third spray forming means being effective to form said last-named
spray in a pattern which is elongate in a direction taken
transversely through the spray, with the major dimension thereof
being disposed generally horizontally.
11. Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized further by said
first spray of liquid coating material being resin and accelerator
and said second spray of liquid coating material being resin and
catalyst.
Description
This invention relates to a method and apparatus for applying
coating material to a surface and particularly for applying a
fiber-reinforced resinous coating material.
In accordance with one aspect of the invention, a spray of resin
and an accelerator is formed with an elliptical shape in transverse
cross section, with the major dimension being horizontal. A spray
of resin and catalyst is also formed with an elliptical shape in
transverse cross section, again with the major dimension being
horizontal. The two sprays are directed on converging paths so as
to intersect at least by the time they reach the surface to be
coated and preferably prior thereto. A spray of chopped reinforcing
fibers is formed also preferably in a generally elliptical shape in
transverse cross section, with the major dimension thereof also
being horizontal. This spray of fibers emanates from a point above
the other two sprays and on a converging path therewith. The flat
arrangement of the two liquid sprays and fibrous spray results in a
more thorough mixing or wet-out of the fibers and the liquid.
Further, by supplying the fibrous spray from above the two liquid
sprays, gravity aids in the mixing and wet-out of the fibers and
liquid.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a method and
apparatus for supplying resin, accelerator, and catalyst to the
spray devices are provided. Approximately one-half of the total
resin and an accelerator are supplied to one of the spray devices,
while the other half of the resin and a catalyst are supplied to
the other spray device. In the latter instance, the resin and the
catalyst are kept separate until reaching the spray device. This
virtually eliminates the need for flushing the system, except for a
portion of the spray device. The catalyst and atomizing air are
combined in a mixing head immediately adjacent the spray device
while the resin is supplied directly to the spray device. The resin
and catalyst thereby do not come into contact until near the nozzle
of the spray device.
For the other spray device, the resin and accelerator can be mixed
upstream near the sources thereof and supplied in combined form to
the spray device. This is particularly advantageous with
accelerators which tend to become stringy under pressure and would
otherwise tend to clog the system. However, with accelerators not
having this characteristic, the resin and accelerator again can be
combined at the spray device with the atomizing air and accelerator
first combined in a mixing head adjacent the spray device.
Adjustable, positive displacement pumps are employed for the
coating material components, with the pumps being operated by a
common drive to maintain coordination and synchronization thereof.
This assures maintenance of proper ratios of the materials with any
particular ratio easily changed almost immediately by adjustment of
the output of the appropriate pump. Further, there is no necessity
to employ an additional worker to pre-mix the coating material
components as has heretofore been required when the components were
mixed at the source.
It is, therefore, a principal object of the invention to provide a
method and apparatus for spraying fiber-reinforced liquid coating
materials in which the fibers and liquids are more fully wet-out
and mixed when reaching the surface being coated.
Another object of the invention is to provide a spray system in
which the necessity of flushing the system is substantially
eliminated.
A further object of the invention is to provide a spray system for
a resin, accelerator, and catalyst, with the components being
metered by positive displacement pumps having a common drive.
Still another object of the invention is to provide a spray system
in which pre-mixing of the components is not required.
Yet a further object of the invention is to provide a spray system
in which the ratios of the components being sprayed can be quickly
and easily changed.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from
the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment
thereof, reference being made to the accompanying drawings, in
which:
FIG. 1 is a somewhat schematic side view in elevation of spray
devices and a fiber source thereabove, and showing the approximate
liquid and fibrous sprays emitted thereby and directed toward a
surface being coated;
FIG. 2 is a somewhat schematic plan view of the spray devices and
further showing transverse cross sections of the three sprays of
FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a somewhat schematic view in elevation of a spray device
with a longitudinal cross section taken through a mixing head of
the spray system; and
FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic view of the overall spray system in
accordance with a preferred form of the invention.
Referring to the drawings, and particularly to FIG. 1, a surface to
be coated with reinforced coating material is indicated at 10. As
shown, the surface is in the form of a filament-wound storage tank
shown fragmentarily in cross section. The tank wall is rotated in
the direction of the arrow as a fiber-reinforced resinous coat or
layer 12 is applied. The coat 12 is then pressed on the surface 10
by a roller 13 to provide a denser and smoother layer.
The resinous coat 12 is formed by three sprays 14, 16, and 18, the
spray 14 comprising resin and accelerator, the spray 16 comprising
resin and catalyst, and the spray 18 being of reinforcing fibers.
The three sprays are directed on converging paths so as to meet and
mix by the time they reach the surface 10. As shown in FIG. 2, all
three sprays are formed with elliptical cross sections, with the
ellipses having their major axes lying horizontally. Preferably,
the major axis of each of the ellipses is at least 50 percent
longer than the minor axis and may be twice as long. The two
converging flat ellipses of the liquid components tend to mix more
rapidly and also form a trough which receives the flat spray 18 of
the reinforced fibrous material. With the fiber spray 18 directed
from above the two liquid sprays, the fibers are also aided by
gravity in mixing with the liquids.
In a preferred form, as shown, the two liquid sprays are directed
on inclined paths as well as converging ones while the fibrous
spray is directed generally horizontally but on an intersecting
path with the two liquid sprays. The two liquid sprays emanate from
sources generally on the same level, and are on each side of, but
below, the source of the fibrous spray. However, they can be on a
vertical line with, and directly below, the fibrous spray source.
In either instance, it is important to aid in the mixing of the
liquids and fibers that the sprays tend to be flat, and that the
fibrous spray be above the others.
The fibrous spray 18 is produced by a spray device 20. This
includes a housing 22 into which a strand 24, preferably of glass,
is pulled between rollers 25 and 26. The strand 24 is fed between
the lower roller 26 and a chopper wheel 28 which cuts or chops the
strand into fibers of predetermined length. Preferably, knives 30
on the chopper wheel 28 are spaced apart varying distances to
produce fibers of different lengths since it has been found that
such fibers provide superior reinforcement to fibers of a constant
length. The chopped fibers are supplied through an inlet passage 32
for a blower 34 which emits them through a nozzle 36 to form the
spray 18 directed in the aforesaid path. The nozzle 36 has a
rectangular cross section with its longer dimension being
horizontal (as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2) to produce the flat shape of
the spray 18.
The liquid sprays 14 and 16 are produced by spray guns or devices
38 and 40 which can be of similar design and commercially
available. An air cap or nozzle end 42 (FIG. 3) of each of the
spray devices 38 and 40 has a nozzle 44 designed to emit a spray
which is elliptical in cross section. However, the spray can also
be formed by air horns on the air cap, above and below the nozzle,
which direct air streams against the spray emitted from the nozzle
to shape it into the horizontal ellipse. Each of the spray devices
also has an atomizing air adjusting valve 46.
Actuating air is supplied to the spray device 38 through a line 48
(FIGS. 1 and 4). Air pressure from this line causes an air-operated
valve within the spray device 38 to open to supply the liquid
spray. However, other types of valves can be employed for this
purpose, including electrically and manually operated ones. A
combination of resin and accelerator is supplied through a lower
line 50 to the nozzle end of the spray device with atomizing air
being supplied through a line 52.
The spray device 40 (see also FIG. 3) has a line 54 through which
actuating air is supplied to an air-actuated valve within the spray
device, as for the device 38. Resin alone is supplied to the nozzle
end of the spray device 40 through a line 56. In place of the line
52 of the spray device 38, a mixing head 56 is provided. The mixing
head 58 includes a generally venturi-shaped passage 60 to which
atomizing air is supplied through a line 62 (FIGS. 1 and 4). A
transverse passage 64 communicates with the throat of the passage
60 and is supplied with catalyst through a supply passage 66 and a
line 68. The passage 60 enables the atomizing air and the catalyst
to be uniformly mixed, although the air has a limited effect in
actually inspirating the catalyst, as in the case of a conventional
venturi tube, since the catalyst is at a pressure higher than that
of the air. Further, for this reason, all of the supply lines for
the spray devices 38 and 40 and the mixing head 58 have check
valves (not shown) to prevent the possibility of reverse flow.
The combination atomizing air and catalyst from the mixing head 58
mixes with the resin supplied through the line 56 adjacent the
nozzle end of the spray device, with a spray of catalyst and resin
then emitted through the nozzle 44. Since the resin and catalyst do
not mix until they are near the nozzle 44, only a portion of the
spray device 40 has be be cleaned when the system is shut down
temporarily. For longer periods of shut down, all of the spray
devices and lines are flushed.
The system of FIG. 4 is only schematic and a number of components
known in the art are not shown. These include such items as
pulsation dampeners, flow calibrators, pressure indicators,
calibration gauges, and high and low pressure switches.
Referring to the overall system of FIG. 4, the various supply lines
referred to above are shown as being flexible and connecting the
spray devices 38 and 40 to a control cabinet 70. The cabinet
includes various controls including control valves designated V for
the supply lines. Actuating air for the lines 48 and 54 is supplied
through a line 72 connected to a main air supply line 74.
Similarly, atomizing air for the lines 52 and 62 is supplied
through a line 76 connected to the main air supply line 76
connected to the main air supply line 74. Thus, the single source
of air is adequate for both the actuating air for operating the
control valves within the spray devices, and the atomizing air.
The catalyst for the mixing head 58 and the line 68 is supplied
through a line 78 from a positive-displacement pump 80. The pump
80, in turn, is connected by a supply line 82 to a catalyst source
84. The resin for the spray device 40 and the line 56 is supplied
through a line 86 from a large positive-displacement pump 88. The
resin is fed to the pump 88 through a line 90 from a source 92.
Both of the pumps 80 and 88 are commercially available, operating
with a positive displacement and provided with adjustments for
close control of the output. In this manner, the ratio of the resin
to the catalyst for the spray device 40 can be carefully controlled
and can be quickly changed simply by making manual adjustments at
the pump. The close control over the output is obtained through
change in the piston stroke length. Pumps suitable for this purpose
can be obtained from the Lapp Process Equipment Division of the
Lapp Insulator Company, Inc., LeRoy, New York.
The resin and accelerator for the spray device 38 and the lines 50
are supplied in combined form through a line 94 from a large
positive displacement pump 96. The resin and accelerator can also
be supplied separately, using a mixing head similar to the head 58
for the accelerator. However, the accelerator often has a tendency
to become stringy or more viscous under pressure. In that instance,
it has been found to be preferable to first combine the resin and
accelerator since only a small percentage of the accelerator is
used and any tendency for it to become stringy or more viscous does
not cause plugging of the lines. The resin and accelerator are
supplied to the pump 96 through a line 98 from a mixer 100 which is
of a known, closed, in-line type. A predetermined quantity of
accelerator is supplied through a line 102 by a positive
displacement pump 104 which receives accelerator through a line 106
from a source 108. The resin is fed to the mixer 100 by gravity
through a line 110 from a source 112. The quantity of the combined
resin and accelerator is known, as determined by the output of the
pump 96. Similarly, the quantity of accelerator is known, through
control of the output of the small pump 104. Consequently, the
amount of resin supplied from the source 112 is also
predetermined.
All four of the pumps 80, 88, 96, and 104 are driven through a
common motor or drive means 114. This assures that all of the
positive displacement pumps are driven at the same speed so that
adjustment of stroke length provides an accurate determination of
output and ratios.
Various modifications of the above described embodiment of the
invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art and it is to
be understood that such modifications can be made without departing
from the scope of the invention, if they are within the spirit and
the tenor of the accompanying claims.
* * * * *