U.S. patent number 3,659,151 [Application Number 04/883,793] was granted by the patent office on 1972-04-25 for apparatus for covering an object with a layer of powder.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Tunzini-Sames. Invention is credited to Pierre Fabre.
United States Patent |
3,659,151 |
Fabre |
April 25, 1972 |
APPARATUS FOR COVERING AN OBJECT WITH A LAYER OF POWDER
Abstract
This invention concerns a spray nozzle fed with the powder
conveyed in an air stream constructed so that expansion of the air
conveying the powder is effected in the nozzle and the spread of
the spray jet issuing from the nozzle is adjusted by regulating the
flow of an auxiliary jet of air which whirls about the air stream
conveying the powder. In a specific embodiment the nozzle comprises
a conduit having a downstream portion of larger cross-section than
the cross-section of an upstream portion thereby forming an
expansion chamber in the nozzle; and the jet of whirling air is
admitted to the nozzle conduit downstream of the expansion chamber.
A conductive core is mounted coaxially in the nozzle conduit and is
adapted to be connected to a source of high voltage. The ionization
means for ionizing the air conveyed powder are at the outlet of the
nozzle.
Inventors: |
Fabre; Pierre (Grenoble,
FR) |
Assignee: |
Tunzini-Sames (Grenoble,
FR)
|
Family
ID: |
9692968 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/883,793 |
Filed: |
December 10, 1969 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
Current U.S.
Class: |
361/227; 239/3;
239/298 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B05B
5/032 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B05B
5/025 (20060101); B05B 5/03 (20060101); B05b
005/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;117/17,93.4,93.44,104
;118/621,629 ;239/3,298 ;317/3,4 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
722,608 |
|
Nov 1965 |
|
CA |
|
1,026,413 |
|
Apr 1966 |
|
GB |
|
Primary Examiner: Martin; William D.
Assistant Examiner: Speer; Raymond M.
Claims
I claim:
1. Apparatus for coating an object with a layer of powder, said
apparatus comprising a nozzle defining a conduit for a gaseous
stream conveying the powder, the downstream portion of said nozzle
conduit being substantially larger cross section than its upstream
portion, a conductive core mounted coaxially in said nozzle conduit
and adapted to be connected to a source of high voltage, ionization
means at the outlet of said nozzle, and means for forming an
adjustable spray of air coaxially whirling about the gaseous stream
conveying the powder, in which said spray-forming means discharge
into said downstream portion of said nozzle conduit.
2. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the nozzle has an outlet
portion defining a terminal part of the nozzle conduit which outlet
portion widens outwardly to a rounded edge, and the means for
forming a spray of coaxially whirling air comprises a plurality of
passages in said nozzle discharging into said conduit upstream of
said terminal part.
3. Apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the passages are all
inclined to intersect the conduit substantially tangentially.
4. Apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the passages are
slightly inclined forwardly.
5. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 in which the portion of said
nozzle defining the downstream portion of said conduit is made of
an electrical insulating material, and the portion of said nozzle
defining the upstream portion of said conduit is made of an
electrically conductive material.
Description
The present invention relates to a method of and apparatus for
covering an object with a layer of powder wherein a cloud of powder
is directed towards the said object to be coated across a zone of
high ionization created by an electric member carried to a high
potential with respect of that of the object to be coated. In a
particular embodiment of this method, a secondary jet of air of a
whirling nature is caused about the axial jet of air conveying the
powder, which allows this latter to spread considerably in a
direction transverse to the direction towards the object, therefore
allowing a more uniform and rapid covering of an object to be
obtained in numerous applications.
However this type of method is limited in use for certain objects
having particular shapes and more particularly, in the case of
objects having hollow shapes in the center of convex shapes it
presents difficulties in coating these two very different shapes.
In fact, if one is content to use a spray gun having a direct axial
jet, the cloud of powder may be moved so as to be deposited in the
hollows, but on the contrary a very limited coating is obtained on
account of the surface. In such cases one is usually obliged to
make do with touching-up with the aid of different spray guns, by
using firstly a spray gun with a large opening and then a directive
spray gun having a small opening, or vice versa.
The present invention has for an object to provide a method and
apparatus which allows this drawback to be reduced or avoided.
The method according to this invention effects, in the spray
nozzle, an expansion of the current of air conveying the powder and
the spread of the sprayed jet is adjusted to be larger or smaller
by adjusting the flow of an auxiliary jet of air coaxially whirling
about the air stream conveying the powder between a flow resulting
in the formation of a direct jet and a higher flow resulting in a
wide spread of the spray. Using these methods allows one direct jet
to be provided at a relatively low axial speed on account of the
expansion which has taken place, while the sprayed jet may easily
be adapted at any time, and while operating, to the surface form
during a coating.
The invention also provides apparatus for carrying out the method,
comprising a nozzle traversed by a conduit for a gaseous stream
conveying the powder, ionization means at the outlet from the said
nozzle, means for forming a jet of air coaxially whirling about the
air stream conveying the powder and wherein the nozzle conduit has
a downstream portion of a substantially larger cross section than
that of an upstream portion so as to form an expansion chamber.
The invention will now be further described, by way of example,
with reference to the accompanying drawing, which is a schematic
sectional view of one embodiment of atomization nozzle according to
the invention.
Referring to the drawing, an atomization nozzle comprises a feed
tube 1 for a current of air conveying powder from a powder source
(not shown) to the nozzle. The nozzle itself has an upstream nozzle
conduit part 2 made of a conductive material, followed by a
downstream nozzle conduit part 3 made of an insulating material,
and an inner core 4 arranged so as to define an annular channel
between these two members 3 and 4. The core 4 is conductive and
widens into a radial edge 5 forming an electrode and is terminated
at its downstream end by an insulating domed head member 6, the
maximum diameter of which is less than that of the diameter of the
edge 5. The core 4 is supported from the part 2 by arms 7.
The nozzle conduit part 3 terminates at a rounded outer edge 8
which flares outwardly and incorporates perforations or passages 9
discharging into a zone situated at the beginning of the edge 8.
These passages 9 communicate with an outer annular conduit 10
formed between the outer face of the nozzle part 3 and an elongated
threaded nut 11 securing the nozzle on the spray gun body 14. In
this embodiment the passages 9 are inclined in transverse planes
with respect to the radial directions so as to abut in a
substantially tangential way the inner surface of the nozzle
conduit part 3. They are also, as can be seen from the drawing,
slightly inclined forwardly in the axial direction, for example at
15.degree..
The body of the spray gun 14 is an insulating hollow barrel through
which passes the powder feed tube 1 and the high voltage cable 15,
while the interstitial space in the barrel 14 is used to conduct
the air which is fed to the passages 9.
The nozzle conduit has a cross section increasing substantially
between the inlet end 15 defined by the cylindrical tip 2a of the
conduit part 2 and the annular conduit 13 situated between the
conduit part 3 and the core 4. This increase in cross section
occurs in a progressive manner by providing the conduit part 2 with
a conically diverging portion 2b. Advantageously the core 4 has an
upstream pointed part 4a which assists the flow of air conveying
the powder and reduces any obstruction of this latter.
In operation, the air conveying the powder is fed in through the
conduit 1 and this air expands largely in the annular chamber 13
between the core 4 and the conduit part 3. This expansion causes a
reduction in speed in the axial direction which favors a
particularly suitable electrostatic directive spray, that is to say
without too much axial speed. The current of air whirling about the
axial stream of air induces a spreading of the air jet conveying
the powder which allows the covering of large areas. This spreading
of the air stream conveying the powder may be adjusted while
operating, according to the form and design of the object to be
coated. This can be achieved simply by varying the flow of air
introduced into the annular conduit 10, for example by means of a
valve. It results that the shape of the powder spray may be
adjusted from a practically cylindrical form, such as is shown at
12 at the outlet of the nozzle conduit 3, to a very pronounced
spread which corresponds substantially to the cone formed by the
tangent to the area 8 a little upstream of its free end. By reason
of this arrangement optimum condition can be obtained in the
coating of bodies of very varying shapes and more particularly of
large shape having hollow surfaces. It is sufficient for the
operator to act on the air adjusting valve in the conduit 10 to
ensure a larger or smaller spreading of the air jet.
It will be understood that the invention is not limited to the
embodiment described and shown. Thus the nozzle may be produced
entirely or partly of a conductive material.
* * * * *