U.S. patent number 3,658,382 [Application Number 05/025,191] was granted by the patent office on 1972-04-25 for module frames for standardized upholstery type furniture and method of constructing and assembling same.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Shell Oil Company. Invention is credited to Victor F. Anderson.
United States Patent |
3,658,382 |
Anderson |
April 25, 1972 |
MODULE FRAMES FOR STANDARDIZED UPHOLSTERY TYPE FURNITURE AND METHOD
OF CONSTRUCTING AND ASSEMBLING SAME
Abstract
A standardized frame assembly for a sofa or chair comprising a
standardized seat frame and back frame of a synthetic resin, the
frames including projections and complementing slots for ease of
manufacture, added strength and for allowing economical assembly
with each other and accessory pieces such as a set of legs and side
panels which give the sofa or chair its styling characteristic. The
frames may be embodied as one piece elements, as a set of elongated
elements and corner mounts or as a closed metal loop with elongated
elements to give the frame a body to attach upholstery.
Inventors: |
Anderson; Victor F. (Wenonah,
NJ) |
Assignee: |
Shell Oil Company (New York,
NY)
|
Family
ID: |
21824567 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/025,191 |
Filed: |
April 2, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
297/451.8;
297/248; 403/219; 297/440.15 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A47C
4/02 (20130101); A47C 4/028 (20130101); A47C
5/12 (20130101); F16B 12/00 (20130101); Y10T
403/447 (20150115) |
Current International
Class: |
A47C
4/02 (20060101); A47C 5/00 (20060101); A47C
4/00 (20060101); A47C 5/12 (20060101); F16B
12/00 (20060101); A47c 005/00 (); A47c 003/00 ();
A47c 007/20 (); F16b 007/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;29/428
;297/232,233,248,440,445-452,456,416,418,421 ;248/188
;187/20.92 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Nunberg; Casmir A.
Claims
I claim:
1. An article of sitting type furniture comprising:
a seat frame having side portions, a front portion, and a rear
portion,
means for attaching front legs to the respective front corners of
said seat frame;
a back frame having a width essentially equal to the length of said
rear portion of said seat frame;
means for attaching the lower end of said back frame to the rear
side of said rear portion of said seat frame, the lower corners of
said back frame being cut out so as to provide corner spaces for
rear legs immediately to the rear of the corners of said seat
frame;
a pair of rear legs;
and means for fastening the upper end of each rear leg both to the
rear vertical wall of the seat frame and to the vertical end wall
of the lower end of said back frame while the upper end of each
rear leg engages underneath the portion of said back frame which
overhangs the respective corner cut-out.
2. An article of furniture as claimed in claim 1 wherein said
fastening means includes lateral projections formed on the upper
end of each rear leg and corresponding slots formed in both said
seat frame and said back frame.
3. An article of furniture as claimed in claim 2 wherein all of
said members are made of relatively rigid plastic material and are
essentially hollow having thin exterior walls.
4. An article of furniture as claimed in claim 2 wherein the lower
end of said back frame, and the rear wall of said rear portion of
said seat frame, are provided with interengaging projections and
slots for attaching said back frame to said seat frame.
Description
CROSS REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
1. ser. No. 797,616, titled Bipartite Tubular Molded Plastic
Furniture Part with Integral Reinforcement; filed 2-7-1969 now
abandoned
2. Ser. No. 815,119, titled Modular Furniture Embodying a Common
Chassis and Interchangeable Styling Features; filed 4-10-1969, now
U.S. Pat. No. 3606510.
3. Ser. No. 816,711, titled Furniture Joint; filed 4-16-1969, now
U.S. Pat. No. 3,583,733
4. Ser. No. 816,699, titled Cushion Assembly for Chairs and Other
Furniture; filed 4-16-1969, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,556,594 and
5. Ser. No. 865,043, titled Plastic Furniture Structure with
Internal Reinforcing Case filed 10-19-1969, now U.S. Pat. No.
3,639,001.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to furniture and more particularly
to a novel module frame structure for sitting type furniture such
as chairs, sofas, couches, davenports, settees and the like.
2. Description of the Prior Art
There is an ever increasing demand for furniture particularly of
the sitting type such as upholstered chairs and sofas in the many
and varied styles ranging from the most simple, modern styles to
the most ornate, provincial styles. Furniture of this sort is
commonly fabricated from a number of separate pieces of wood which
are individually shaped by machine and then glued, screwed, or the
like, together during which time the assembled pieces are held in a
fixed relationship with the aid of jigs or clamps. This method of
fabrication is quite laborous and lends itself to only limited mass
production techniques.
In addition, the greatly increased cost of lumber, the slowness of
curing, the poor quality in cutting of lumber, the excessive waste
in forming other than straight shapes, and the very limited supply
of fine, hard wood pieces have resulted in poor quality furniture
chassis. As a consequence of the lack of good natural material, and
therefore the substitution of poor quality material, the inherent
waste of wood and poor mass production type joints and joining
techniques present day furniture is unacceptably weak and subject
to premature structural failures.
As a general rule the major parts or chassis of a chair or a sofa
of various styles are not interchangeable in the sense that the
same parts cannot be used in a variety of different furniture
styles. The advantage of such interchangeability, of course, would
be a substantial cost savings as pointed out in my above-mentioned
co-pending applications. In one of my recently issued U.S. Pat. No.
3,455,605, titled Prefabricated Plastic Chair and Assembly Method,
the advantages of prefabricated parts which may be made of a
formable synthetic resin was disclosed. Nevertheless, further
improvement is of course always desirable and is provided by the
present invention.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a standardized frame assembly for
sitting type furniture comprising in combination a standardized
seat frame including means for connecting said seat frame and a set
of arms, a set of legs and a set of side panels; a back frame
adapted to be connected to said seat frame; and means for
connecting said back frame and said seat frame.
In addition, the present invention includes a method of assembling
an article of sitting type furniture, having a standardized frame
assembly comprising the steps of providing a standardized seat
frame having means for connecting said seat frame and a set of
arms, a set of legs and a set of side panels, said connecting means
comprising a plurality of projections and slots; providing a back
frame; providing means for connecting said back frame and said seat
frame; providing a set of arms integral with said set of side
panels, said side panels having a plurality of projections and
slots corresponding to said seat frame connecting means for
connecting said side panels and said seat frame; providing a set of
legs, each leg having projections corresponding to said seat frame
connecting means for connecting said leg and said seat frame;
attaching said seat frame and said back frame; attaching said side
panels and said seat frame; by engaging corresponding projections
and slots; attaching said set of legs and said seat frame; by
engaging said leg projections and corresponding slots; providing
upholstery; and connecting said upholstery to said seat frame and
said back frame.
An object of the present invention is to provide a standardized
module frame for sitting type furniture.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a frame
structure which will allow economical assembly line production of
sitting type furniture.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a
standardized frame for furniture to which other elements or
furniture pieces can be added where the other elements and the
frame have standardized connectors to enable the standardized frame
to be used as a foundation to produce any style of furniture
desired.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a
standardized frame which can be fastened to other standardized
frames to produce a standardized frame structure for multiple
sitting type furniture such as a sofa, couch or the like.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a
standardized frame for sitting type furniture to achieve economical
manufacture of a multitude of various furniture styles, all using
the standardized frame.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a
standardized frame for sitting type furniture which can be easily
and quickly assembled with relatively unskilled labor to provide a
simple but sturdy structure for upholstered furniture.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a
standardized frame having a constructural configuration providing
great strength with a minimum amount of material.
A still further object of the present invention is to provide a
standardized frame having unique joint configurations allowing
unique joining techniques for producing greater structural
integrity, ease of production, and greater flexibility in
styling.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a partially exploded perspective view of a sofa
illustrating a standardized frame and stylized accessories.
FIG. 2 is an exploded partially broken away perspective view of a
standardized seat frame and back frame module with chair type
stylized accessories.
FIG. 3 is a partial plan sectional view taken along line 3--3 of
FIG. 2, illustrating the back frame, the left rear portion of the
seat frame, the left rear portion of the side panel and a rear
leg.
FIG. 4 is a partial plan sectional view taken along line 4--4 of
FIG. 2, illustrating the left front portion of the seat frame, the
left front portion of the side panel and a front leg.
FIG. 5 is a partial plan sectional view taken along line 5--5 of
FIG. 1.
FIG. 6 is a partial plan sectional view taken along line 6--6 of
FIG. 1.
FIG. 7 is a partially exploded perspective view of an ornate chair
using the standardized frame shown in FIG. 2.
FIG. 8 is a partially exploded side view of an ornate variation of
a sofa or chair similar to those shown in FIGS. 1 and 7.
FIG. 9 is a partially exploded, partially broken away, perspective
view of another embodiment of a standardized frame.
FIG. 10 is a partially broken away, exploded perspective view of
the portion of the embodiment shown in FIG. 9 enclosed within the
circle 10--10.
FIG. 11 is a plan view of a standardized frame for a sofa using a
frame structure similar to that shown in FIG. 9.
FIG. 12 is a sectional view taken along line 12--12 of FIG. 11.
FIG. 13 is an exploded perspective sectional view of an embodiment
of a standardized frame structure.
FIG. 14 is an exploded perspective sectional view of another
embodiment of a standardized frame structure.
FIG. 15 is an exploded perspective sectional view of still another
embodiment of a standardized frame structure.
FIG. 16 is a partially exploded perspective view of another
embodiment of a standardized frame.
FIG. 17 is a plan view of a standardized frame for a sofa embodying
a standardized frame similar to that shown in FIG. 16.
FIG. 18 is a sectional view taken along line 18--18 of FIG. 17.
FIG. 19 is a partially exploded perspective view of a sofa
illustrating another embodiment of a standardized frame and
stylized accessories.
FIG. 20 is a partially exploded perspective view of a sofa
illustrating another embodiment of a standardized frame and
stylized accessories.
FIG. 21 is an elevational sectional view taken along line 21--21 of
FIG. 20 .
DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
Referring to FIG. 1, the inventive concept is introduced in a
generalized form by illustrating a frame assembly 10 for a sofa of
a size suitable to seat three people. The frame assembly 10
comprises three connected standardized seat frames 12, 14 and 16,
each connected to one of three back frames 18, 19 and 20,
respectively. In addition, shown connected to the frame assembly 10
in a partially exploded illustration are a set of four legs, 22,
24, 26 and 28 and a set of ornamental side panels 30 and 32. An
ornate top molding 40 is shown which will attach to the back frames
18, 19 and 20, while a front molding 46 having a finished surface
is in an exploded position to be received across the front portion
of the seat frames 12, 14 and 16, just above the two legs 24 and
28. As shown, the sofa is comprised of three frame modules which
have been connected to form a preselected chassis length for the
sofa. As will be explained hereinbelow in more detail the frame
modules may be used individually as a chair chassis or in multiple
arrangements as various length sofas.
In its finished condition the sofa of FIG. 1 will have upholstery
extending across the back frames 18, 19 and 20 and on both the
inner and outer sides of the side panels 30 and 32. In some cases,
coil springs (not shown) would be located within the seat frames
12, 14 and 16 which would then be covered by appropriate webbing
and upholstered cushions (not shown). Since the top molding 40 and
the front molding 46 are of a decorative nature they would not be
covered with upholstery.
Referring to FIG. 2, there is shown in more detail a seat frame 60,
which is identical to the seat frame 12 of FIG. 1, and a back frame
62, which is identical to the back frames 18, 19 and 20 shown in
FIG. 1. The seat frame 60 is an easily, quickly, inexpensively and
reproducibly manufactured element and may be formed of any suitable
synthetic resin as an integral element. The seat frame 60 comprises
four generally distinguishable portions, side portions 64 and 66,
which are parallel and oppositely disposed from one another and
front portion 68 and rear portion 70. It is to be noted that the
terms "front" and "rear" are used as they are normally used to
describe a chair where the front of the chair is generally
considered to be that portion which supports the legs of one who is
sitting on the chair and the rear is that portion to which a seat
back is attached to support the upper torso of the one who is
seated upon the chair.
The front portion 68 is an elongated, generally rectangular shaped
element having a "U" shaped cross-section which may be conveniently
reinforced by a number of spaced ribs 72, as illustrated in the
broken-away region. The side portions 64 and 66 are also generally
rectangular in shape and may also have a generally U-shaped cross
section with spaced ribs (not shown) similar to the front portion
68.
The rear portion 70 is comprised of a thin central section 74,
having external strengthening trusses 76. The central section 74
widens outwardly into two end sections 78 and 80, which are
structured in a manner similar to the front portion 68, and the
side portions 64 and 66, that is, having a "U" shaped cross section
and reinforcing ribs.
The seat frame 60 has means for connecting itself to the back frame
62, to a set of legs such as legs 82, 84, 86 and 88, to a set of
side panels such as side panels 90 and 92, and to a set of arms
which may be integral with the side panels 90 and 92, such as a
portion of arm 93 which is integral with the side panel 92. The
connecting means comprises a plurality of projections and a
plurality of complementing slots which receive the projections. For
example, leg 84 has two projections 94 and 96; the projection 94 is
received by a complementing slot 98 within the side portion 64
while the projection 96 is received by a complementing slot 100
within the front portion 68. The sectional view, shown in FIG. 4,
illustrates the position of the leg 84 when it is in an engagement
with the seat frame 60. In an analogous manner, leg 82 has two
projections 102 and 104. The projection 102 is received within a
complementing slot 106 within the side portion 64, while the
projection 104 is received within an opening 108 in the back frame
62, as more clearly shown in FIG. 3 where the leg 82, the back
frame 62 and the seat frame 60 are shown in engagement. Leg 86 is
engageable with the seat frame 60 in a manner analogous to leg 84,
while leg 88 is engageable with the seat frame 60 and the back
frame 62 in a manner analogous to leg 82.
The front portion 68 of the frame module 60 has a height in excess
of the side portions 64 and 66 to accommodate the side panels 90
and 92. The upper parts of the side portions receive the side
panels to form a cavity of equal height including the front
portion. This cavity receives the cushioning construction
material.
Referring to FIG. 4, there is illustrated the connecting means for
engaging the side panel 90 with the side portion 64. The side
portion 64 has connecting means including a projection 110 which
has a dovetail sectional shape and a slot 112 spaced a slight
distance from the projection 110 and also having a dovetail
sectional shape. Corresponding to the projection 110 and the slot
112, are respectively, slot 114, and projection 116 of the side
panel 90. While FIG. 4 illustrates the connecting means for the
side panel 90 and the side portion 64, adjacent to the front
portion 68, FIG. 3 illustrates the connecting means for the side
panel 90 and the side portion 64, adjacent to the rear portion 70.
In FIG. 3, a projection 118 of the side panel is engageable with a
corresponding and complementing slot 120 of the side portion and a
dovetail projection 122 of the side portion is engageable with a
slot 124 of the side panel.
The back frame 62 and the seat frame 60 are also engageable by
having dovetail projections 126 and 128, FIG. 2 engage
corresponding and complementing slots 130 and 132 within,
respectively, the end sections 78 and 80 of the rear portion 70. To
complete the FIG. 2 embodiment, a top molding 140 is engageable
with the back frame 62, using a convenient projection 142 and slot
144 arrangement. The top molding 140 is analogous to the top
molding 40 in the FIG. 1 embodiment, and may be shaped in any
desired fashion to help achieve the styling characteristic of the
chair of which it is a part.
As can now be readily appreciated, when all of the elements, such
as the seat frame 60, the back frame 62, the legs 82, 84, 86, and
88, and the side panels 90 and 92 are made of a formable synthetic
resin, all of which have corresponding and complementing
projections and slots, assembly of the frame module and accessories
can be achieved quickly and economically on an assembly line basis.
Other decorative elements which make up a complete chair or sofa
having a distinctive styling characteristic can also be added
quickly and economically. Thus there is no need for jigs or
fixtures which are required in present day construction of
furniture.
The completely assembled frame will not only be less expensive than
present day wood frames, but will be far superior in structural
intiquity. A synthetic resin can be molded to form equal wall
thicknesses and have an evenness in quality of material throughout
an element; when this is coupled with the uniquely structured
joints and joining techniques a superior product is achieved.
A preferable synthetic resin material for the frame module and
accessories is a high heat, high impact polystyrene, such as
manufactured by the Shell Chemical Company of Marietta, Ohio. To
achieve a permanent and exceedingly strong bond between the various
elements mentioned, various techniques and/or materials can be
used, for example, adhesives, press fits, solvents, ultrasonic
welding, and inert gas welding. It is to be understood that other
synthetic resins may be used, for example, melamine, phenolics,
polyesters, polyolefins, urethane (flexible foam and rigid foam),
vinyl and the like. Additionally, it is to be understood that other
structural material outside the plastics and resins field may be
used, such as precut wood, compressed wood, filled epoxy,
corrugated paper, or even metal; of course, a mixture of the
various materials could be used, such as a metal and polystyrene,
if found desirable. It is also to be understood that the present
invention is not to be limited by the materials mentioned, since
there are a great many materials presently available which may be
used, and it is assumed a great many more materials will appear on
the market in the future, all of which may be used to practice the
teachings disclosed herein.
Referring to FIG. 5, a portion of the FIG. 1 embodiment is shown
where side panel 30 and the leg 24 are in engagement with the seat
frame 12. As already discussed for the FIG. 2 embodiment, the side
panel 30 and the seat frame have connecting means including a
projection 150, which is engaged with a complementing slot 152 in
the seat frame 12, and the projection 154 of the seat frame which
is in engagement with the complementing slot 156 of the side panel.
Two projections 158 and 160 of the leg 24 are engaged respectively
in the complementing slots 162 and 164 of the seat frame.
Referring now to FIG. 6, the front portion of the standardized seat
frames 12 and 14 FIG. 1, are shown in engagement. Once again, the
connecting means, comprising projections and complementing slots
are used to allow quick and economical assembly. Seat frame 12
includes a projection 170 which is engaged with complementing slot
172 of seat frame 14 while a projection 174 of seat frame 14 is
engaged with complementing slot 176 of seat frame 12. A similar
connection arrangement exists between the seat frames 12 and 14, at
their rear regions, and a similar connection arrangement exists
between the seat frames 14 and 16, so that the sofa of FIG. 1 is
achieved. It is, of course, understood that the seat frames can be
multiplied to accommodate any number of seating positions without
departure from what has already been disclosed, except for the
possibility of intermediate legs (not shown) to support the
expected increased load and prevent frame deflection. Additionally,
since each seat frame is interchangeable with any other seat frame,
there is no special sequential order required.
Springs may be added to the seat frames of the sofa of the FIG. 1
embodiment or to the seat frame of the chair embodiment of FIG. 2
by attaching an interlace of burlap webbing to the bottom of the
seat frame, sewing a predetermined number of coil springs to the
webbing, interlacing the springs with cord in a first direction so
that the cord is attached to the side portion 64 and 66 and then
interlacing the springs with cord in a perpendicular direction so
that the cord is connected to the front portion and rear portion of
the seat frame. Then webbing is placed on top of the springs and
tacked to the side portion, front and rear portions, and the
webbing is then sewn to the top of the coil springs. Next, cushion
material is placed in appropriate locations; a cloth covering is
added and finally upholstery attached.
Referring back to FIG. 2, it is noted that the side panels 90 and
92 have a rib like construction so as to achieve the efficiency and
the strength of equal wall thicknesses throughout the structure.
For example, each of the side panels has a base plate, such as base
plate 91 of side panel 92 to which is integrally molded a plurality
of vertical ribs, such as rib 95 of the side panel 90. The various
rib type structures are disclosed in my co-pending applications (2)
Ser. No. 815,119, and (5) Ser. No. 865,043. Another unique
advantage achieved by the particular design shown for the side
panels 90 and 92 as well as the design of the projections and slots
of the back frame 62 and the seat frame 60 is that they may be
produced with a two piece mold. Each part is molded without any
undesirable undercuts. Yet the final joints have excellent
interference characteristics to allow quick and easy assembly
without the usual jigs or fixtures and additionally are uniquely
suited for such joining techniques as solvent, ultrasonic, or inert
gas welding or adhesive bonding, for example.
Referring now to FIG. 7, there is illustrated the full frame
structure of an upholstered chair (without the upholstery being
shown). The chair comprises a seat frame 180, which is identical to
the seat frame 60 of FIG. 2, a back frame 182, which is identical
to the back frame 62 of FIG. 2, a side panel 188 having an arm 189
which is analogous to the side panel 90 of FIG. 2, a side panel 190
and arm 191 which is analogous to the side panel 92 of FIG. 2, legs
192, 194, 196, and 198, which are analogous to the legs 82, 84, 86,
and 88 of FIG. 2, and a top molding 200 which is analogous to the
top molding 140 of FIG. 2. In a comparison of the embodiments shown
in FIG. 1 and FIG. 7, it is noted that while the module comprising
the standardized seat frame and back frame are identical, the legs,
the top molding, and the side panels are different, to yield a
piece of furniture having a different styling characteristic.
However, the side panels, the legs, and the top molding are
interchangeably connected to the module frame with other accessory
pieces; this again emphasizes the economical structure being
disclosed.
It is, of course, to be understood that the frame and accessory
pieces all have generally U-shaped cross sections with reinforcing
ribs or trusses. As in the FIGS. 1 and 2 embodiments, the elements
of FIG. 7 have equal wall thicknesses to enhance the strength of
the various elements.
Referring to FIG. 8, still another variation of furniture design is
shown. The pieces or elements are engageable to a module frame
comprising a seat frame 202 and a back frame 204. In the exploded
view of FIG. 8, two decorative legs 206 and 208 are illustrated,
each having the type of connecting means (not shown) described for
the FIG. 2 embodiment. A side panel 210 and a nonintegral arm 212
are illustrated where the arm 212 carries out the particular
styling characteristic.
In addition to the styling function, the arm 212 has a border
tacking surface 213 to allow placement of upholstery along the
sides of the furniture piece. The side panel 210 has two elongated
openings 209 and 211; elongated opening 209 is in a horizontal
position and elongated opening 211 is in a generally vertical
position, which allow upholstery to be pulled through when
upholstering the inside portions of the seat, back and side panels.
Referring back to FIGS. 2 and 7, elongated openings 215, FIG. 2 and
216, FIG. 7 are provided for drawing back fabric during
upholstering. Returning to FIG. 8, a top molding 214 is also
illustrated, engageable with the back frame 204. The side panel 210
attaches to the seat frame 202 and the back frame 204 while the arm
212 becomes attached to the side panel 210. The panel 210 and the
spacing between the side panel and the arm on both sides of the arm
will be upholstered in the final furniture form.
Referring now to FIGS. 13, 14, and 15, there are illustrated three
different embodiments of the sectional shape which a back frame or
seat frame structure, such as seat frame 60 and back frame 62, FIG.
2, may take. For example, front portion 68 of the seat frame 60 may
have a cross section, as illustrated in FIG. 13, which is generally
U-shaped having a base portion 330 and two leg portions 332 and
334. The leg portion 332 has a laterally extending peg 336, which
cooperates with an opening 338 in a tacking panel 340 to properly
locate the tacking panel 340 adjacent the leg 332. A tacking panel
provides a convenient surface to which upholstery may be attached,
such as by stapling, tacking, adhering, using press fit inserts,
and the like. The press fit insert concept is disclosed in my
co-pending applications (4), Ser. No. 816,699. The structure of
FIG. 14 is generally H-shaped having two main members 342 and 344
and a lateral cross member 346. Tacking panels, such as panels 350
and 352, may be secured to the H-shaped member in any convenient
fashion, such as by wedging the tacking panel 350 between the
members 342 and 344 on one side of the member 346 and wedging the
other panel 352 between the members 342 and 344 on the opposite
side of member 346.
The structure of FIG. 15 is also generally H-shaped, comprising two
parallel wall members 360 and 362 and a lateral member 364 and
having a lateral extension 366, extending away from the wall 360.
The lateral extension 366 has channel shaped grooves 368 and 370
located within its extending surfaces which are adapted to
position, respectively, tacking panels 372 and 374.
Referring now to FIG. 19, there is illustrated another variation of
a sofa chassis to illustrate the great versatility of the modular
concept disclosed herein. The chassis comprises three connected
seat frames 520, 522, and 524, three back frames 526, 528, and 530,
two side panels 532 and 534, a set of ornamental legs 536, 538,
540, and 542, an ornamental top molding 544, two panel ornamental
moldings 546 and 548, and an ornamental front molding piece 550.
The seat frames 520, 522, and 524 are identical with several
exceptions to the seat frame 60 of FIG. 2. The exceptions are that
in order to accommodate appropriate springs, webbing and the like,
side portion 552 of the seat frame 520, side portions 554 and 556
of seat frame 522, and side portion 558 of seat frame 524 are all
of a reduced cross section when compared to these side portions
discussed relating to FIG. 2. The reduced cross sections would be
constructed in the same manner as described for the side portions
in FIG. 2; that is, they would be generally U-shaped and have
laterally spaced reinforcing ribs. When the seat frames are molded,
achieving a reduced cross-sectioned side portion is accomplished by
simply locating an insert in the appropriate position in the mold
that is used to fabricate the seat frame of FIG. 2. Hence, if a
sofa is to be cushioned with Marshall springs, reduced
cross-sectioned side portions are formed; if the sofa is to be
cushioned with zigzag springs or other type of resilient cushioning
material, full cross-sectioned side portions are formed.
Another variation illustrated in FIG. 19 is that of the back frames
526 and 530. It is noted that the back frame 528 is identical to
the back frame 62 of FIG. 2 and is connected to the corresponding
seat frame 522 in the already described manner. However, to achieve
a particular furniture styling effect the end back frames 526 and
530 have outer lateral edges 560 and 562, respectively, fashioned
in a slightly modified manner. Connections to the respective seat
frames 520 and 524 are made in the same manner as the standard back
frame.
The side panels 532 and 534 extend to about the same height as the
back frames, and therefore would not function as arms if arms are
defined as those parts of a sofa or chair which may function as a
support an arm of one who is sitting upon the sofa or chair. With
the design shown, it is contemplated that the entire length both
inside and outside of the side panels will be upholstered in the
finished furniture piece with the side panel moldings 546 and 548
being applied to the front facing surfaces of the side panels 532
and 534. In a like manner, the front molding 550 is applied to the
front portion of the seat frames in order to achieve the desired
styling effect. The set of legs has also been uniquely styled to
achieve the desired styling characteristic. However, although the
styling of the sofa, FIG. 19, is different from the styling of the
sofa of FIG. 1 and the styles illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 8, the
modular concept allows the accessory pieces to be interchangeable
since all have the same types of connecting means in the identical
locations. It is understood that in some styles of furniture, it
may be necessary to dispense with a standard back frame and have
only specially designed back frames so that the basic module
consists of just a seat frame. However, even with an especially
styled back frame, the means of connecting the back frame to the
standard seat frame would nevertheless remain standardized so that
economy of assembly is retained.
Referring now to FIG. 20, there is illustrated a sofa with an
especially styled back frame. The sofa comprises three seat frames
600, 602, and 604, which are identical to the seat frames of the
sofa of FIG. 19. The FIG. 20 sofa comprises three nonstandard back
frames 606, 608, and 610, which are specially formed for the
particular style characteristic shown. Thus, the module frame for a
FIG. 20 sofa comprises only the seat frame, while the back frames
are of a nonstandard design. However, it is to be noted that
although the back frames have a nonstandard design, they are still
standardized in the sense of the projection-slot arrangement which
allows their connection to a standard seat frame. Therefore, no
economy is given up regarding the quickness and ease of assembly.
Back frame 606 includes top molding 612; back frame 610 includes
top molding 613; and back frame 608 includes top molding 615 and an
elliptically shaped molding 614. The sofa additionally includes two
side panels 616 and 618 which include integral arms 620 and 622,
respectively. As with the FIG. 19 sofa, the FIG. 20 sofa includes a
set of four stylized legs 624, 626, 628, and 630 which are fastened
in the already described manner. A special front molding 632 is
shown which is slightly bowed so that a portion of the molding
opposite the seat frame 602 is spaced at a greater distance than
those portions of the front molding which are adjacent the seat
frames 600 and 604.
Referring now to FIG. 21, there is illustrated the location 634
along which the molding 632 is attached to the front portions of
the seat frames 600, 602, and 604. As already mentioned any one of
a number of attachment techniques can be used from traditional
mechanical fasteners to various bonding techniques to various
welding techniques.
Another major embodiment of a standardized frame assembly is shown
in FIG. 9, and comprises a standardized seat frame 220 having four
elongated elements, a front element 222, two side elements 224 and
226, and a rear element 228. Each of the elongated elements have
attachment projections at each end of the element as is shown in
FIG. 10, where the front element 222 is illustrated having a
projection 230 of slightly reduced thickness than the remainder of
the element 222, and having a transverse recess 232. Additionally,
the seat frame 220 comprises four corner mounts, corner mount 234
connecting elongated elements 222 and 224, corner mount 236
connecting elongated elements 224 and 228, corner mount 238
connecting elongated elements 228 and 226, and corner mount 240
connecting elongated elements 222 and 226. Again referring to FIG.
10, the corner mount 234 is shown in greater detail and includes a
slot 242 which complements the projection 230. A lateral ridge 244
extends along the slot 242 and is engageable with the lateral
recess 232 of the projection 230. The corner mount 234 includes a
bottom spacer 235 which provides a convenient abutment for the
elongated element which connect to the corner mount. For example,
elongated element 224 is shown connected to the corner mount 234.
To achieve the connection the elongated element is held at a
position above the corner mount and is then engaged to the corner
mount by having the projection of the elongated element slide
downwardly into the slot of the corner mount. The spacer 235 of the
corner mount will correctly position the vertical location of the
elongated element while the ridge-slot arrangement of the corner
mount and elongated element, respectively, retain the elongated
element against horizontal movements. The advantages of the
projection-slot arrangement mentioned for the FIG. 2 embodiment
apply with equal validity to the FIG. 9 embodiment in that assembly
of the frame module can be accomplished quickly and
economically.
The corner mounts also include slots, such as slots 250 and 252 of
corner mount 234, which are in a position to receive the
projections from a leg as discussed above with regard to the FIG. 2
embodiment. A leg 254 is illustrated in FIG. 9 having two
projections, 256 and 258, which are mateable with the slots of the
corner mount 240 (not shown, though they are identical with slots
250 and 252).
It has been mentioned that the elongated elements slide into
engagement with the corner mount by moving in a downward direction;
the legs, however, are mounted to the corner mount in just the
opposite fashion by having the leg projection slide into the slots
of the corner mount in an upward direction. The upward sliding
movement of the leg, relative the corner mount, is limited by an
internal rib or spacer, such as spacer 237 of corner mount 234. The
unique feature of the assembly method of the elongated elements and
the legs with the corner mounts is that in normal usage the usual
load in a downward direction on the elongated elements is
counteracted by the opposite and equal force transmitted through
the legs in an upward direction so that under normal loading
connection of the furniture piece is actually aided. This is
conducive to maintaining the furniture assembly rather than causing
its separation. In addition, the corner mounts contain four
openings placed in pairs, such as the pair of openings 239 and the
pair of openings 241 of the corner mount 234, FIG. 10. These
openings are to receive projections from side panels (not shown).
The spacer, such as spacer 237 which acts to limit the upward
sliding motion of the leg, also performs the function of a bottom
surface or floor for the openings 239 to limit the sliding downward
motion of the side panel. Additional internal ribbing 243 is
provided in the corner mount 234, FIGS. 9 and 10.
The standardized frame also includes a back frame 260 which is
comprised of four elongated elements, a top element 262, two side
elements 264 and 266, and a bottom element 268. Additionally, four
corner mounts are illustrated, corner mount 270 connecting
elongated elements 262 and 264, corner mount 272 connecting
elongated elements 262 and 266, corner mount 274 connecting
elongated elements 266 and 268, and corner mount 276 connecting
elongated elements 268 and 264. Each of the elongated elements 262,
264, 266, and 268 are constructed with projections as discussed for
the element 222 and connect to their corresponding corner mounts
and in a manner identical to that discussed for corner mount 234.
Each of the corner mounts 270, 272, 274, and 276 are constructed
identical to corner mount 234, however, the slots and openings to
receive the legs and side panels respectively serve no function and
could be eliminated if desired. Attachment between the back frame
260 and the seat frame 220 is made by a connector 278 which may be
an integral member having a channel 280 to receive the elongated
element 268 of the back frame 260, strengthening members 282 and an
L-shaped arm 284 which cooperates with the strengthening member 282
to attach to the elongated member 228 of the seat frame 220.
Referring to FIGS. 11 and 12, a sofa frame is illustrated using a
variation of a standardized frame assembly shown in FIG. 9. When
acting as a sofa frame, the standardized seat frame comprises an
elongated front element 300, two side elements 302 and 304 and a
rear elongated element 306. Four corner mounts 301, 303, 305, and
307 are provided, each connecting two elements as was disclosed for
the FIG. 9 embodiment. In addition, ribs 308 and 310 are used
between the front elongated element 300 and the rear elongated
element 306 for structural support. In a like fashion, the back
frame may be comprised of a top elongated element 312, a bottom
elongated element 314, and two side elongated elements which are
not shown but which would be equivalent to the elongated elements
264 and 266 of FIG. 9. Four corner mounts (only two of which are
shown, 311 and 313 in FIG. 12) are provided and function analogous
to the corner mounts 270, 272, 274, and 276 of the back frame 260,
FIG. 9.
Strengthening ribs (not shown) may be used intermediate the side
elongated elements to offer support for the back frames. To connect
the back frame to the seat frame three connectors 316, 318, and 320
are illustrated and are structured and function analogously to the
connector 278 of FIG. 9. While a modification has been made to the
FIG. 9 module frame to achieve the sofa frame shown in FIGS. 11 and
12, the same frame shown in FIG. 9 could be used for a sofa simply
by connecting a number of module frames together using any
convenient fastener such as nails, screws, bolts or the like or
using an adhesive or welding technique, or using a projection-slot
arrangement.
As mentioned above for FIGS. 1 and 2 embodiments, the FIGS. 9 and
11 embodiments may be made of any suitable material, such as wood,
corrugated paper, solid plastic, solid foam plastic or sheet metal,
to name just a few. Additionally, the connection between the
various parts can be achieved by any convenient means, such as
various forms of welding, riveting, or if desired, the conventional
methods of gluing and/or attachments with screws. The cross section
of the elongated elements may be solid or hollow, depending upon
the material used, and if hollow, may have reinforcing ribs if each
of the elongated elements are formed from two individual parts in a
manner analogous to that described in my co-pending application,
(1) Ser. No. 797,616, or the elongated elements could be extruded
so that either no reinforcing is necessary or desired. Metal rods
may also be used.
Referring now to FIG. 16, there is illustrated still another
embodiment of a module frame assembly comprising a seat frame 380
and a back frame 382. The seat frame in turn is comprised of
elongated metal tube 384, which is formed into a one piece
rectangular loop. The metal tube 384 acts as the major support
structure and is given body to allow the placement of upholstery by
the addition of a number of elongated elements, such as front
element 386, side elements 388 and 390 and rear element 392. Each
of these elements have an interior surface with a recess, such as
recess 392 in the element 386. The recess forms a holding cavity by
extending beyond the distance equal to the radius of the tube. The
purpose of the recess is to allow each of the elongated elements
386, 388, 390, and 392 to be positioned about and partially enclose
the metal tube 384. Additionally, the seat frame 380 includes four
corner triangular elements 394, 396, 398, and 400. Each triangular
element has a recess in two of its surfaces, such as the recess 402
in the triangular element 396. The triangular elements cooperate at
the corners of the rectangular shaped metal tube 384 to attach to
two of the elongated elements and to act as an anchoring block to
position a set of legs. For example, leg 406 has a lateral
extending threaded rod 408 which fits through holes in the metal
tube 384 (similar to hole 395) and block element 396 (similar to
hole 399 in block element 398) and is held in place by a nut 410
and washer 412 combination. The back frame 382 is similarly
constructed of four elongated members 420, 422, 424, and 426 which
surround a rectangular shaped tubular metal element 428. Four
strengthening triangular corner blocks 430, 432, 434, and 436 are
provided to function in a manner analogous to the elements 394,
396, 398, and 400 (except for anchoring a set of legs).
Corner blocks may be attached to the elongated members by any
convenient means, such as by welding or by a suitable fastener. For
example, as illustrated, the elongated members may have holes, such
as hole 423 in the member 422, for receiving a bolt 425 which
passes through the hole 423, another hole in the metal tube 428
similar to the hole 429, and then through another hole in the
corner block 432 similar to the hole 435 in the block 434. The bolt
425 is held in place by a nut 427 and washer 431 combination.
Another bolt 433 is similarly connected in a position disposed
generally perpendicular to the bolt 425.
The seat frame 380 and the back frame 382 are connected by a
connector 440 which includes two longitudinal recesses 442 and 444
to allow engagement respectively with the metal tubes 384 and 428
by any convenient means, such as by welding, riveting, bolting,
screwing, or the like. Appropriate cutouts, such as those
designated 443 and 445 in elements 392 and 426 respectively, are
provided to accommodate the connector 440 as is more clearly shown
in FIG. 18. Once again, the material of the frame can vary as
already described in the previously mentioned embodiments and, as
already mentioned for the FIG. 2 embodiment, the FIGS. 9 and 16
embodiment can be joined by one of many techniques, such as the
various types of welding or adhering techniques.
Referring now to FIG. 17, the frame embodiment of FIG. 16 is shown
as it would be used in a sofa arrangement. The three rectangularly
shaped metal loops 450, 452, and 454 are shown positioned in an
abutting relationship surrounded by a front elongated member 456,
two side elongated members 458 and 460, and a rear elongated member
462. Additionally, four corner triangularly shaped block 464, 466,
468, and 470 are shown and perform the same function as that
described for the blocks 394, 396, 398, and 400 of FIG. 16. The
sofa back frame is comprised of a top elongated member 474, two
parallel side elongated members 476 and 478, a bottom elongated
member 480, and four triangular corner blocks 482, 484 , 486, and
488. The main structural elements of the back frame are three
aligned and abutting rectangularly shaped metal tubes 490, 492, and
494. Connection between the back frame and the seat frame of the
FIG. 17 embodiment is accomplished by three connectors 500, 502,
and 504, which are identically shaped to connector 440 of FIG.
16.
Referring once again to FIG. 1, the method of assembling the sofa
is quite simple and quickly accomplished. The seat frames 12, 14,
and 16 are connected together using the described projection-slot
arrangement and then are attached to the back frames 18, 19, and
20. Thereafter, the top molding 40 may be connected to the back
frames 18, 19, and 20. The legs 22, 24, 26, and 28 are attached to
the seat frames and are then followed by the attachment of the side
panels 30 and 32. Next, upholstery, including the necessary
cushioning elements, is added and finally the accessories, such as
molding element 46, are added to complete the sofa. The three major
embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 2, 9, and 16 all have in common
distinct advantages over the prior art. For example, there is
clearly an advantage in the ease in which furniture can be
fabricated and assembled; secondly, there is a sharp drop in the
amount of material scraped or wasted during fabrication; third, all
of the elements of the various embodiments are molded or otherwise
suitably formed to have equal wall thicknesses which produce
exceptionally high strength and reduce the internal stresses to a
minimum; fourth, the uniquely designed joints coupled with the
joining techniques offer exceptionally high strength and
durability; fifth, hollow synthetic resin parts have been found to
have exceedingly high section modular strength and closely
approximate the weight of a corresponding wooden part and tend to
resist warping. It is important to note that what has been
disclosed is a module frame comprising the back frame and the seat
frame which can be used as the basic chassis for a large variety of
furniture types; in addition, what has been disclosed is a method
of fabrication, which, when combined with the unique structure of
the module unit and the accessory pieces, provide an economical,
though technically superior, piece of furniture than presently
exists.
While a limited number of embodiments have been illustrated, the
invention is not to be limited thereby. For example, the
embodiments shown in FIGS. 2, 9, and 16 may have curved seat frames
and back frames so as to achieve, when made into multiple seating
furniture, a generally arcuate shape. Additionally, it is to be
understood that the projections and complementing slots provide for
quick and convenient alignment of elements and as temporary
connecting devices which can then be reinforced by welding or
conventional fasteners. Upholstering can be accomplished in much
the same manner as is traditionally done with tacks, webbing,
twine, staples, or metal and plastic bandings.
It is now apparent that the embodiments disclosed allow for the
mass production of a variety of different styles and shapes of
furniture. Additionally, the quality of the furniture is greatly
increased, since the frame members may be constructed without the
present structural deficiencies caused by the use of poor quality
wood or wood laminates, both of which have inherent deficiencies
and weaknesses. If a synthetic resin is used, deficiencies in wood,
such as improper seasoning and excessive shrinkage, are completely
eliminated.
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