U.S. patent number 3,658,063 [Application Number 05/040,904] was granted by the patent office on 1972-04-25 for disposable diaper.
This patent grant is currently assigned to The Kendall Company. Invention is credited to Charles H. Schaar.
United States Patent |
3,658,063 |
Schaar |
April 25, 1972 |
DISPOSABLE DIAPER
Abstract
A contoured disposable diaper comprising an absorbent pad having
front and back waistline portions with a crotch portion
therebetween and having a water pervious front surface and a water
impervious back surface, and pair of restraining means each having
a first portion adhered to the water pervious surface of the pad in
the crotch portion at a location spaced inward of a lateral pad
edge and a second portion arranged to restrain the respective
lateral edge from fully opening to its unrestrained configuration,
whereby a taper of the diaper is achieved in the crotch
portion.
Inventors: |
Schaar; Charles H. (Lake
Zurich, IL) |
Assignee: |
The Kendall Company (Boston,
MA)
|
Family
ID: |
21913630 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/040,904 |
Filed: |
May 27, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
604/365; 604/370;
604/385.23 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61F
13/49446 (20130101); A61F 13/53418 (20130101); A61F
13/49453 (20130101); A61F 13/49406 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61F
13/15 (20060101); A61f 013/16 () |
Field of
Search: |
;128/284,286,287 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Rosenbaum; Charles F.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A disposable diaper comprising an absorbent pad having front and
back waistline portions with a crotch portion therebetween and
having a water pervious front surface and a water impervious back
surface, and a pair of restraining means each having a first
portion thereof adhered to said water pervious surface in said
crotch portion at a location spaced inward of a lateral edge of
said absorbent pad and each having a second portion thereof
arranged to restrain the respective lateral edge of said absorbent
pad in said crotch portion from fully opening to its unrestrained
configuration, whereby a taper of said diaper is achieved in said
crotch portion.
2. The diaper as claimed in claim 1 wherein said second portion of
each said restraining means is adhered to said respective lateral
edge of said absorbent pad.
3. A disposable diaper comprising an absorbent pad having front and
back waistline portions with a crotch portion therebetween and
having a water pervious front surface and a water impervious back
surface, and a restraining band having its end portions adhered to
said water pervious surface in said crotch portion at locations
spaced inward of the respective lateral edges of said absorbent pad
and extending across said water impervious surface and the lateral
portions of said water pervious surface; said band being sized to
restrain said pad in said crotch portion from fully opening to its
unrestrained configuration, whereby a taper of said diaper is
achieved in said crotch portion.
4. A disposable diaper comprising:
an absorbent body having a fluid pervious surface on its front side
and having back and front waistline portions joined by an
intermediate crotch portion;
a sheet supple, fluid impervious material covering at least a
portion of the backside of said absorbent body;
restraining means comprising a pair of overlap panels having inner
and outer edges extending between front and back waistline portions
to an intermediate crotch portion and comprising at least one layer
of said sheet which is folded back over a single thickness of said
absorbent body;
wherein only said sheet material of each said overlap panel is
adhered, at an attachment location in said crotch portion of said
overlap panel, to an attachment location in said crotch portion of
said absorbent body spaced inward of the respective lateral edge
thereof.
5. The diaper of claim 4 wherein at least said inner edges of said
overlap panels are attached to said absorbent body in the front and
back waistline portions thereof.
6. The diaper of claim 5 wherein each said overlap panel is
attached along its entire width, from said inner to said outer
edge, to said absorbent body in the front and back waistline
portions thereof.
7. The diaper of claim 4 further folded for packaging along crease
lines in the crotch portion of said diaper so that when the diaper
is folded back upon itself along the transverse medial line thereof
there are two adjacent, in-folded, triangular portions in
side-by-side relation on each side of said diaper.
Description
This invention relates to disposable diapers.
It is an object of the invention to provide a disposable diaper
which, when applied to an infant, will have a taper in the crotch
portion whereby a better fit is achieved to provide both more
efficient performance and better appearance.
According to one aspect of the invention there is provided a
disposable diaper comprising an absorbent pad having a water
pervious front surface and a water impervious back surface and a
pair of restraining means which have a first portion thereof
adhered to the diaper's water pervious surface in the crotch
portion at a location spaced inward of a lateral edge. Each
restraining means also has a second portion arranged to restrain
the respective lateral edge of the pad, in the crotch portion, from
fully opening to its unrestrained configuration, whereby a taper is
achieved in the crotch portion of the diaper. In preferred
embodiments of such a diaper each restraining means is a plastic
sheet which is adhered to the pad (in the crotch portion) at a
lateral edge thereof and at a location spaced inward of that
lateral edge and is of such length that the lateral edges of the
pad are bent upward or inward from the unconstrained
configuration.
According to a further aspect of the invention there is provided a
disposable diaper in which an absorbent body having a fluid
pervious surface on its front side has a sheet supple, fluid
impervious material covering at least a portion of its backside.
Restraining means are provided comprising overlap panels which have
inner and outer edges extending between front and back waistline
portions through an intermediate crotch portion and which comprise
at least one layer of the sheet which is folded back over a single
thickness of the absorbent body. Only sheet material of each
overlap panel is adhered, at an attachment location in the crotch
portion of the overlap panel, to an attachment location in the
crotch portion of the absorbent body spaced inward of its lateral
edge.
Other objects, features, and advantages will appear from the
following description of a preferred embodiment taken together with
the attached drawings thereof, in which:
FIGS. 1, 2, and 3 are partial perspective views illustrating steps
in the construction of one embodiment of a disposable diaper
according to the invention;
FIG. 1A illustrates an alternative construction to that of FIG.
1;
FIG. 4 is a section taken at 4--4 of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a plan view of the disposable diaper of FIGS. 1, 2, and 3
which illustrates the contour achieved when the diaper is applied
to an infant;
FIG. 6 is a section taken at 6--6 of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a view analogous to the section of FIG. 6 illustrating an
alternative configuration;
FIG. 8 is a plan view analogous to FIG. 5 illustrating an
alternative construction of the diaper of FIG. 5;
FIG. 9 is a sectional view, analogous to FIG. 6, of the crotch
portion of an alternative diaper embodiment;
FIG. 10 is a perspective view illustrating a folded configuration
of the diaper of FIG. 9;
FIG. 11 is a plan view of the diaper of FIG. 10;
FIG. 12 is a partial perspective view illustrating a preliminary
configuration of further alternative embodiments of diapers
according to the invention;
FIGS. 13, 14, and 15 are sectional views, analogous to FIG. 6,
illustrating embodiments constructed from the preliminary
configuration of FIG. 12; and
FIG. 16 is a sectional view, analogous to FIG. 6, illustrating yet
another diaper construction according to the invention.
FIG. 1 illustrates the initial step in the construction of one
embodiment of a diaper according to the invention, wherein a
conventional absorbent body 10 is placed over a plastic sheet 12
having a width substantially greater than that of the absorbent
body. The plastic sheet 12 has been folded back upon itself at the
sides of the absorbent body 10 such that the edges 11 of the
plastic sheet 12 overlap the absorbent body by a small amount. The
plastic sheet 12 is sealed to the absorbent body 10 by conventional
heat sealing methods along the lines of overlap as indicated at 14
and 16 respectively.
(Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 1A, the folded over portions of
the sheet 12 may be sealed directly to the sheet itself as at lines
14a and 16a. This construction achieves the major benefits sought
by the invention and in some circumstances may simplify the
manufacture of the diaper.)
In the configuration of each FIG. 1 or FIG. 1A, a pair of tubular
structures of plastic sheet material are formed each of which
comprises panels U and T. Each panel is of width A.
A conventional non-woven sheet 18 overlies the absorbent body 10.
Although it is customary that non-woven 18 be coextensive with
absorbent body 10 (and, of course, this is an alternative in the
present diaper construction), the non-woven 18 preferably falls
short of the edges of absorbent body 10 by approximately the
distance A at both sides, thereby conserving materials and
affording other advantages, as discussed below. The absorbent body
10 and non-woven layer 18 may be considered together as the
diaper's "absorbent pad."
The construction proceeds, as shown in FIG. 2, with the further
folding over of the plastic sheet 12 so that the portions which
previously extended beyond the absorbent body 10 now overlies the
outer portions thereof. In this configuration, with panel T now on
top, the folded over plastic sheet 12 will just overlap non-woven
18 as well. Heat sealing is then initiated in the end regions of
panel T, and the underlying layers, to provide a unit construction
to the separate plastic sheet, absorbent body, and non-woven
material pieces. In the embodiment illustrated, the sealing occurs
along lines 20 and 22. In this configuration the portions of
plastic sheet 12 which overlie the absorbent body 10 (i.e., both
panels T and U) may be termed "overlap panels." These overlap
panels have inner edges 24 and outer edges 26 and extend the entire
length of the diaper from one waistline portion through the crotch
portion to the other waistline portion.
With the diaper as shown in FIG. 2 adhesive is applied to locations
30 of the absorbent pad which are spaced inward of the lateral
edges 25 of the pad in the crotch portion of the diaper. Certain
parameters may be defined, with reference to FIG. 1, whose
interrelations may be varied to form alternative embodiments of a
diaper constructed according to the invention. The width, A, of
panels T and U has already been introduced. The distance along the
absorbent pad (i.e., absorbent body 10 and non-woven 18) from seal
line 14 or 16 to the respective area 30 will be denoted B (see FIG.
1). The perpendicular distance across a panel U from line 14 or 16
to the area 31 of the sheet 12 which is ultimately brought into
contact with the adhesive at location 30 is denoted C. If the areas
31 are on panels T, C is the width of panel U (i.e., A) plus the
perpendicular distance from edge 24 to area 31 on panel T, as shown
in FIG. 1.
An easily constructed embodiment results where B < 2A and C>A
and thus the area 31 is located on panel T. This embodiment may be
described with reference to FIGS. 3 through 6.
With the diaper as shown in FIG. 2, a further folding then takes
place, as shown in FIG. 3, by folding inwardly the outermost
portions of the configuration shown in FIG. 2. The fold lines will
be substantially along the side edges of the non-woven material 18.
The adhesive previously applied to areas 30 will thus bond the
overlap panels to the absorbent pad at areas 31 on panel T. FIG. 4,
a section taken at 4--4 of FIG. 3 which passes through the
locations 30, further illustrates the diaper construction.
The plan view of FIG. 5 illustrates how this diaper construction
results in a disposable diaper having a contour such that the
diaper tapers in the crotch region. The configuration of FIG. 5
results from the configuration of FIG. 3 when the front and back
waistline portions (the ends of the diaper as shown in FIG. 5) are
unfolded, these waistline portions thereby reverting to the
configuration shown in FIG. 2. The crotch portion does not revert
to the configuration shown in FIG. 2, but assumes a cross-sectional
configuration as shown in FIG. 6, due to the limiting affects of
the adhesive at locations 30 upon the unfolding influence exerted
by the unfolded waistline portions. It will be apparent from FIG. 6
that the overlap panel (i.e., the portion of the plastic sheet 12
extending from seal line 14 to at least location 34) has a first
portion (i.e., area 31) adhered to the water pervious surface of
material 18 and a second portion (i.e., the sheet material
extending from area 31 to location 34) which restrains lateral edge
25 of the absorbent pad from fully opening.
As also can be seen in FIG. 6, although the bent back portion of
the absorbent body 10 in the crotch portion of the diaper is not
directly available for absorption of fluids, the absorptive
capacity of this portion of the diaper is available by means of
wicking from the nearby exposed crotch portion of the absorbent
body 10.
FIG. 7 illustrates an alternative configuration to that of FIG. 6.
Here the user has caused the absorbent body 10 to be bent back upon
itself (as at 33) thereby forming a "box pleat" in the crotch
portion of the diaper.
Collective packaging of a number of these diapers may be
conveniently achieved by merely folding the diaper as shown in FIG.
3 end-to-end about the line 4--4 and stacking a number of diapers
so folded. Alternatively, the diaper in the opened configuration of
FIG. 5 may be folded end-to-end with the fold line in the crotch
region to provide a folded diaper which is convenient for
packaging.
In an alternative embodiment illustrated in FIG. 8 the plastic
sheet 12, at least in the crotch portion, has a number of apertures
32 in the region of the sheet between the areas 31 and the
outermost region (see FIG. 6) of the sheet. This provides direct
access for fluid to reach the portion of the absorbent body which
would otherwise be available only through wicking. In this form of
the diaper the sheet may also have apertures between the point 31
and the seal line 14. While the apertures 32 may be of any
configuration, a preferred form is, as shown in FIG. 8, a slit of
crescent shape in which the rows of crescents are staggered with
respect to each other and run generally parallel to the
longitudinal axis of the diaper.
As will be apparent from the following descriptions, any embodiment
of a diaper according to the invention, and not just that
illustrated in FIGS. 1-7, may advantageously have apertures in the
crotch portion of the sheet which effects the contouring of the
diaper.
An alternative configuration to that illustrated in FIGS. 3-6 is
shown in FIGS. 9-11. Referring more particularly to FIG. 9 (which
is a view analogous to that of FIG. 6), it can be seen that in this
embodiment the outermost portion 35 of the absorbent body 10 assume
a vertical (or, at most, only slightly bending in) configuration.
This condition is facilitated by the choice of the distance, C, as
measured along the plastic sheet 12, between the edge 14 and the
point 31 and the distance, B, as measured along the absorbent pad,
between the location 30 and lateral edge 25 of the pad.
The pouching effect in the crotch portion of a diaper constructed
according to the invention is even more pronounced in this
embodiment, as can be seen from FIG. 9.
This embodiment is especially suited to a particular folded
configuration which is desirable both for ease of packaging and for
ease of application of the diaper to an infant. This folded
configuration according to the invention, illustrated in FIGS. 10
and 11, also more clearly emphasizes to the consumer the tapered
and pouch-like nature of the diaper.
As shown in FIG. 10, crease lines 40, 42, and 44 radiate from a
point 46 which lies on the transverse medial line of the diaper
inward of the diaper edge. The analogous crease lines on the
opposite side of the diaper are designated 40a, 42a, and 44a which
radiate from the point 46a. As shown in FIG. 11 there is a crease
line 48 extending between points 46 and 46a and coincident with the
medial line of the diaper between those points.
All of the crease lines mentioned above define folds in both the
fluid impervious sheet 12 and the absorbent pad. The constraint
imposed upon the non-woven material 18 by the points of adhesion
(i.e., locations 30) to the overlapped sheet 12, produces crease
lines 50, 52, and 54 where the non-woven material bunches in the
crotch of the diaper upon folding in this configuration. The diaper
as fully folded is shown in FIG. 11. As can be seen there are two
pairs of adjacent, in-folded, triangular portions in this
configuration. (One pair being the triangles defined by lines 40,
42, 45 and by lines 44, 42, 47.)
The partially unfolded diaper is illustrated in FIG. 10. As shown,
upon partial unfolding the user is presented with a contoured
diaper having neatly folded dips 56 and 58 in the crotch portion of
the diaper thereby facilitating efficient placement about the
infant's legs. (The partially unfolded view of FIG. 10 also
emphasized the pouch formed in the crotch region when the diaper is
applied to the infant.)
It should be noted that in the diaper structures according to the
invention, by securing only supple sheet material 12 to the
absorbent body at the locations 30 in the crotch region, a
pocket-like space is created under the overlap panels (see, e.g.,
FIGS. 6, 7, 9) which is available to catch and retain hard solids.
Furthermore, when the non-woven sheet 18 is of less width than the
absorbent body 10, these hard solids may also become trapped
between the absorbent body 10 and the non-woven sheet 18.
The diaper embodiments thus far described have each employed a
construction comprising separate absorbent bodies and water
impervious sheets. As will now be described, however, the invention
herein is not limited to such a construction, but comprehends any
disposable diaper structure with means adhered to a point spaced
inward of each lateral edge of the absorbent body at least in the
crotch portion of the diaper and arranged to restrain those lateral
edges from assuming their unrestrained configuration, thereby
producing a taper of the diaper in the crotch portion.
In FIG. 12 a disposable diaper 60 is provided which has a water
pervious upper surface and water impervious lower surface.
Restraining means in the form of panels 62 and 64 are adhered to
the lateral edges 66, 68 of the diaper 60. Although FIG. 12 shows
panel 62 and 64 as extending for the full length of the diaper 60
it will be apparent from the following that in an alternative
construction the panel would be limited to the crotch portion of
the diaper.
FIGS. 13, 14, and 15 illustrate various ways in which the panels 62
and 64 may be adhered to the diaper 60 in the crotch portion to
produce a tapered and pouched configuration. FIGS. 13, 14, and 15
are sectional views through the crotch portion and are,
respectively analogous to FIGS. 9, 6, and 7. The varying
configurations of FIGS. 13, 14, and 15 are obtained by varying the
length, as measured transversely across the panels 62 and 64, of
material between the diaper edges 66 and 68 and the points 70 and
72 at which the panels 62 and 64 are adhered to the diaper
material.
Since in FIGS. 13-15 the diaper 60 is assumed to have a water
impervious back surface and the panels 62 and 64 provide no
substantial waterproofing function, the range of materials suitable
for panels 62 and 64 is wide indeed. The constraints placed upon
the choice of materials are simply that the material be easy to
bond to the diaper 60 and that it retain its structural integrity
when wetted. A suitable choice is simply the plastic sheeting
customarily employed as the water impervious backing sheet in a
conventional disposable diaper.
FIG. 16 is a sectional view (through the crotch portion) of another
diaper embodiment according to the invention in which the diaper is
restrained in the crotch portion by a single sheet 74 of suitable
material, which is adhered to the diaper at locations 70, 72 which
a spaced inward of the lateral edges 66, 68 of the diaper 60. As
with FIGS. 13, 14, and 15, the sheet 74 may extend the full length
of diaper 60 (although adhered thereto only at locations 70, 72 in
the crotch portion) or may be limited to a narrow band in the
crotch portion thereof.
Other diaper constructions will occur to those skilled in the art
which are within the scope of the invention as defined in the
following claims.
* * * * *