U.S. patent number 3,658,052 [Application Number 05/046,610] was granted by the patent office on 1972-04-25 for breathing activity monitoring and alarm device.
This patent grant is currently assigned to American Electronic Laboratories, Inc.. Invention is credited to Albert R. Alter.
United States Patent |
3,658,052 |
Alter |
April 25, 1972 |
BREATHING ACTIVITY MONITORING AND ALARM DEVICE
Abstract
An activity detecting means for detecting the movement of an
animate object which includes a permanent magnet attached to the
object. A pickup coil is provided around the area of movement of
the object so that movements of the magnet induce a voltage in the
coil. The output of the coil is delivered to circuit means which
generates pulses when receiving the signal from the coil. An alarm
means is operated by the pulses to provide an alarm signal which
flashes off and on with each pulse received, but remains on when no
pulse is received. Thus, the alarm means indicates the movement of
the object by the flashing signal and indicates no movement by a
continuous signal.
Inventors: |
Alter; Albert R. (Cheltenham,
PA) |
Assignee: |
American Electronic Laboratories,
Inc. (Colmar, PA)
|
Family
ID: |
21944388 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/046,610 |
Filed: |
June 16, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
600/534; 340/551;
601/15; 5/940; 340/573.1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61B
5/113 (20130101); Y10S 5/94 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61B
5/11 (20060101); A61B 5/113 (20060101); A61b
005/05 () |
Field of
Search: |
;119/51
;128/2,206,205,145.5 ;340/409,248,279,213 ;330/19 ;328/1 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Medbery; Aldrich F.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An activity detecting means providing a magnetic field
comprising a first means for being secured with an animate body
whose breathing activity is to be monitored, second means for
detecting the movement of said magnetic field of said first means
and delivering an output signal responsive to said movement and
third means receiving and processing the output signal of said
detecting means for providing a monitoring signal which goes off
and on and is responsive to the breathing activity of the animate
body and an alarm signal which remains on in the absence of such
activity.
2. The means of claim 1 in which said first means is a permanent
magnet and said second means includes a magnetic pickup coil for
being fixed with a frame of reference with respect to which the
movement of said animate body, at the location where said magnetic
means is secured, is to be monitored.
3. The means of claim 2 in which said third means includes pulse
forming means responsive to signal derived from said second means
for producing output pulses, and alarm means actuated by the output
pulses to turn the alarm signal off and on.
4. The means of claim 3 in which said third means includes means
receiving and rectifying the output signal form said first means
and delivering said rectified signal to said pulse forming means
for producing said output pulses.
5. The means of claim 4 in which the alarm means includes means for
providing a visual or audible signal and means actuated by the
pulses from the means for providing output pulses for turning the
visual or audible signal off and on.
6. The means of claim 5 in which the means for providing a visual
or audible signal is connected to a source of current to provide
said signal, and the means for turning said signal off and on is a
switching means which is actuated by said pulses to turn the visual
or audible signal off during the occurrence of each pulse.
7. The means of claim 6 in which said switching means includes a
transistor connected in the circuit between the visual or audible
means and the source of current and actuated by the pulses from the
means for producing output pulses.
Description
The invention relates to an activity detecting means and more
particularly to a means for detecting and monitoring the movements
of an animate subject, such as the breathing of an infant which may
be subject to Apnea Neonatorum and providing an alarm if breathing
stops.
Episodes characterized by sudden unexpected cessation of
respiratory movement are familiar to all who care for premature
infants. These attacks of apnea usually occur without warning. This
problem (Apnea Neonatorum) has been reported frequently in medical
literature and everyone involved with the care of infants is
concerned with it.
The invention is most useful in providing a means of detecting
apnea. For this purpose a small permanent magnet is fastened to the
infant's diaphragm or stomach region as by taping. The magnet is
caused to move with each respiratory motion. A flat pickup coil is
placed proximately to the infant, such as under the infant's bed
pad or at the side of the incubator. The motion of the magnet
causes a very small voltage to be induced in the receiving or
pickup coil. In the absence of motion, there is no induced voltage.
The voltage generated is then amplified by a tuned amplifier which
is designed to reject high frequency components which could be
caused by adjacent motors and other powerline caused interferences,
while amplifying the signal component caused by the infant's
respiration.
After passing through the amplifier the signal is passed through a
band pass filter further eliminating undesirable components caused
by interference. After rectification of the filtered signal it is
delivered to a Schmitt trigger and other associated circuits for
generating pulses which operate an alarm means. The alarm means
provides a visual or audible signal which goes off and on in
synchronism with the respiratory motion of the infant. If the
respiratory motion stops, the alarm signal becomes steady.
Thus, a principal object of the invention is to provide a means
which allows the monitoring of the movements of an animate subject
without restricting the subject or connecting wires or such means
thereto.
Another object of the invention is to provide a new and improved
activity detecting means which monitors the movement of an animate
subject and provides an alarm upon the occurrence of a
predetermined condition.
Another object of the invention is to provide a new and improved
activity detecting means most suitable for monitoring infants
subject to Apnea Neonatorum, for detecting over a continuous period
of time, the breathing activity of the infant, providing a flashing
alarm in synchronism with the breathing rate, and providing a
continuous alarm signal when breathing ceases.
Another object of the invention is to provide a highly reliable and
effective means for monitoring the activity of an animate
subject.
The foregoing and other objects of the invention will become more
apparent as the following detailed description of the invention is
read in conjunction with the drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a crib or incubator for an infant
including the activity detecting means of the invention,
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram in block form of the invention,
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of one form of the alarm means of the
detecting means of the invention, and
FIGS. 4a to 4e inclusive are respective graphs illustrating the
wave form of the various signals generated by the components of the
diagram shown in FIG. 2.
Like reference numerals designate like parts throughout the several
views.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a bed which may be a crib or
incubator 10 including the invention. The crib 10 is provided with
a base 12 having legs 14. A rectangular board 16 is pivotally
supported upon the base 12 by a pair of bolts 18 at each end, for
allowing the board 16 to be rocked from side to side. An infant 20
supported by the crib 10 may rest upon a crib mattress 22 which is
supported by the board 16.
A pickup coil 24 comprising a large plurality of fine windings may
be encased within a flat sheet 26 of plastic material and is
preferably positioned under and surrounding the infant 20, by being
received between the board 16 and mattress 22. The pickup coil 24
is illustrated by the dashed lines in FIG. 1.
The infant which is to have its breathing monitored, has secured
with its abdomen, as by taping, a small permanent magnet 28. The
magnet thus will move up and down respectively, as the infant
inhales and exhales each time it breathes. Of course when the
infant 20 is placed in the incubator, a closure means 30 is also
provided and a source of oxygen is supplied to the infant. Thus,
for the purpose of monitoring the breathing of the infant 20, no
wires or any other such means need be attached to the infant and
the breathing activity of the infant 20 is detected by the movement
of the magnet 28 which generates voltage signals in the pickup coil
24 of a detecting means 32 which may be supported at the underside
of the horizontal frame 34 of the structure 12. A lead 36 delivers
the signal generated in the pickup coil 24 to the detecting means
32, while a pair of leads 38 from the detecting means 32 may be
secured to an arm 40 of the infant 20 in spaced relationship at 42,
44 for applying electrical stimuli to the infant when required. The
detecting means 32 also includes a motor and rocker arm 46 which is
energized for rocking the pivotally secured board 16 and moving the
infant 20 when a failure in breathing is detected for stimulating
the infant to resume normal breathing activity.
Referring now to the block diagram of FIG. 2 for a more detailed
explanation of the operation of the detecting means 32, the
movement of the magnet 28 with the breathing or movement of the
infant 20 results in the magnetic lines of flux from the magnet 28
increasing or decreasing through the pickup coil 24. The pickup
coil 24 provides an output voltage which is related to the rate of
change of magnetic flux therethrough, the output voltage being
either positive or negative, depending upon whether the lines of
flux are increasing or decreasing through the pickup coil 24.
The amplifier 48 receives and amplifies the signals from the pickup
coil 24, and may be tuned to minimize or attenuate signals which
are outside the desired frequency range of the desired information
signals. The output signal from the amplifier 48 is then received
by the band pass filter 50 which further acts to attenuate signals
below 0.5 Hertz and above 20 Hertz, while passing the signals
between these limits to the signal rectifier 52. The signal
rectifier 52 passes all positive going signals and inverts negative
going signals, so that all of the output signals are positive
going. Such signals are delivered to the input 53 of a Schmitt
trigger 54 which has a pulse forming function delivering a
substantially rectangular output signal for each input pulse signal
having a predetermined minimum amplitude. Since the duration of the
output pulse from the Schmitt trigger 54 depends upon the duration
of the input signal, the output signals from the Schmitt trigger 54
are delivered to a monostable multivibrator 56 which is triggered
by each of the input signals, to deliver a respective output signal
of standard amplitude and duration.
The multivibrator 56 delivers its output by a line 58 to an alarm
means 60. The alarm means 60 provides a visible or audible signal
which goes off and on with each pulse of the signal from the
multivibrator. The signal of the alarm may be a light which flashes
off and on or a buzzer which goes off and on. In addition, the
alarm means provides a continuous signal, such as the light or
buzzer remaining on, if no signal is delivered to the alarm means
by the multivibrator. Thus, since for each breath of the infant, a
pulse is generated for the inhalation as well as the exhalation,
the signal of the alarm means goes off and on in synchronism with
the breathing of the infant. This not only indicates that the
infant is breathing, but also provides an indication of the
breathing rate. In addition, the flashing signal provides an
indication that the detecting means is operating. However, if the
infant stops breathing, no signal is provided by the multivibrator
and the signal is continuously on to provide an indication that
assistance is required.
The detecting means 32 may also be provided with means to deliver a
voltage stimulus to the infant through the leads 38 and/or activate
the motor and arm 46 to rock the bed for causing the infant to
resume normal breathing at the earliest possible time. Such means
may be activated manually by an attendant or automatically when the
alarm means indicated that breathing has ceased by providing a
continuous signal.
It has been found that a shock to the infant such as delivery of a
voltage stimulant or the rocking of the infant is sufficient to
cause the infant to resume its natural breathing activity. The
important factor, however, is that action must be taken immediately
since failure to do so will result in the death of the infant by
its failure to breathe. Thus, a most essential factor is the
constant monitoring of the infant's breathing, since the failure to
know that the infant has ceased its breathing activity is fatal.
With the resumption of breathing of the infant 20, the magnet 28
resumes corresponding reciprocating motion generating output
voltage signals in the pickup coil 24 which after amplification is
rectified by the wave signal rectifier 52 are again delivered to
the Schmitt trigger 54. This provides a signal pulse from the
multivibrator 56 so that the alarm means 60 again provides the off
and on signal.
Referring to FIG. 3, there is shown one form of the alarm means 60.
As shown, alarm means 60 comprises two transistors 62 and 64. The
line 58 from the multivibrator 56 is connected through a resistor
66 to the base of transistor 62. The collector of the transistor 62
is connected to the base of transistor 64. The collector of
transistor 62 is also connected through a resistor 68 to the
positive side of a low voltage source of direct current. The
emitter of transistor 62 is connected to the negative side of the
direct current source. The collector of transistor 64 is connected
through a resistor 70 and the signal means, a light bulb 72, to the
positive side of the direct current source. The emitter of
transistor 64 is connected to the negative side of the direct
current source.
In the operation of the alarm means 60, the pulses from the
multivibrator 56 are delivered to the transistor 62 which produces
an inverted pulse. The inverted pulses are delivered to the
transistor 64 which acts as a switch. The transistor 64 turns the
light bulb 72 off when the transistor 64 receives a pulse, but
leaves the light bulb on at all other times. Thus, during the
period of each pulse from the multivibrator 56, the light bulb is
switched off, but the light bulb is on between pulses or when no
pulse is received. Thus, the light bulb is switched off and on with
each breath of the infant and stays on if the infant ceases
breathing.
Refer now to FIGS. 4a to 4e inclusive which are respective
schematic representations of signals produced by the detecting
means 32 illustrating their wave form and their time
relationships.
FIG. 4a graphically discloses the output voltage signal 80 from the
pickup coil 24. The signal 80 comprises positive portions 82 and
negative portions 84 corresponding respectively to when the infant
is either inhaling or exhaling during each breathing cycle. With
reference to the time scale given in seconds at 86, it is apparent
that the infant is taking a breath approximately each second and a
half, providing a rate of 40 breaths per minute which is within the
normal range.
FIG. 4b graphically illustrated the rectified wave form 88 of the
signal from the rectifier 52. In this connection it is noted that
each of the negative pulses 84 of FIG. 4a have been rectified as a
pulse 90 whereas the positive pulses 82 are also delivered as
positive pulses from the output of the rectifier 52.
FIG. 4c graphically illustrates the delivery of an output pulse 92
by the Schmitt trigger 54 upon the receipt of a positive signal
from the rectifier 52, while FIG. 4d discloses the delivery of
output pulses 94 upon the receipt of the output signal 92 from the
Schmitt trigger 54. It is noted again that the Schmitt trigger 54
delivers an output signal upon receiving a positive going input
signal having a minimum voltage amplitude. The duration of the
output pulse signal from
FIG. 4e graphically illustrates the delivery of the DC current
signal 96 to the light bulb or other type of alarm device upon
receipt of a positive signal from the multivibrator 56 by the alarm
means 58. Each pulse 94 from the multivibrator 56 cuts off the flow
of the DC current signal to the light bulb so that the light bulb
flashes off and on with each pulse 94. From FIG. 4a it is noted
that the breathing activity of the infant 20 ceases for a time
after the signal pulse 98 from the pickup coil 24. Thus, the
multivibrator 56 discontinues delivering signals after the pulse
100 as shown in FIG. 4d. As shown in FIG. 4e, the DC current is
then continuously supplied to the light bulb so that the light bulb
remains on providing the attendant with an indication that the
infant has ceased breathing. A voltage stimulus may be applied to
the infant and/or the crib 10 may be rocked to start the breating
of the infant again.
Upon the resumption of breathing activity by the infant the pickup
coil again delivers output signals, the first such pulse signal 102
being illustrated in FIG. 4a. The production of the pulse signal
102 results in the initiation of output signals from the rectifier
52, the first such pulse being shown at 104 in FIG. 4b. The pulse
104 is delivered to the Schmitt trigger 54 which generates the
pulse 106 as shown in FIG. 4c. The generation of the output signals
from the Schmitt trigger 54 results in the generation of output
signals 108 from the multivibrator 56 illustrated in FIG. 4d which
are delivered to the alarm means 60. As illustrated in FIG. 4e,
this starts the flashing of the light bulb again.
Although the invention has been particularly illustrated with
regard to the detection of the cessation of normal breathing by
infants, the problem being medically designated Apnea Neonatorum,
it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that the invention
may find wide application with appropriate modification to meet the
individual design circumstances but without substantial departure
from the essence of the invention. Thus, in a situation where it is
desired to monitor the motions of animals for various scientific
studies, the application of magnetic means 28 to the animal and the
appropriate placement of a pickup coil will allow the detection of
the animal's various movements and observation of the same without
interfering with the animal's normal activities, such as would be
the result where wires or other encumbrances are attached to the
animal.
* * * * *