U.S. patent number 3,657,749 [Application Number 05/048,047] was granted by the patent office on 1972-04-25 for spring assembly.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Stephen Baliski. Invention is credited to Harry H. Norman.
United States Patent |
3,657,749 |
Norman |
April 25, 1972 |
SPRING ASSEMBLY
Abstract
A spring assembly for mattresses, innersprings, upholstered
furniture and the like. The assembly utilizes rows of coils, each
row comprising a continuous length of wire formed into a plurality
of like-handed coils interconnected by Z-shaped wire segments
alternately disposed at the top and bottom of the coils. Adjacent
rows of coils are coupled by zig-zag connectors. The bends of the
zig-zag connectors are looped over portions of the Z-shaped coil
interconnection segments, providing an assembly allowing relatively
independent coil compression with minimal lateral deflection, and
having a maximized surface platen for the support of padding and
fabric. A unitary double border wire assembly or alternatively, a
rail-type construction may be used as a border for the spring
assembly.
Inventors: |
Norman; Harry H. (Los Angeles,
CA) |
Assignee: |
Baliski; Stephen (Gardena,
CA)
|
Family
ID: |
21952459 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/048,047 |
Filed: |
June 22, 1970 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
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795303 |
Jan 30, 1969 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
5/271; 5/248;
5/716; 5/721; 267/91 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A47C
27/07 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A47C
27/07 (20060101); A47C 27/04 (20060101); A47c
023/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;5/247,246,260,266,248,351,271 ;267/91 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Gay; Bobby R.
Assistant Examiner: Calvert; Andrew M.
Parent Case Text
RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation-in-part of copending application
Ser. No. 795,303, filed Jan. 30, 1969, now abandoned.
Claims
I claim:
1. A row of coils formed from a continuous length of wire, the
segments of wire interconnecting adjacent coils in said row each
being substantially Z-shaped and disposed alternately in first and
second planes generally perpendicular to said coils at the ends
thereof, portions of said Z-shaped segments extending beyond the
periphery of said coils to facilitate spaced attachment to an
adjacent row of coils, and wherein said Z-shaped interconnecting
segments generally define a rectangle of width greater than the
maximum diameter of said coils, adjacent coils being situated at
diagonally opposite corners of said rectangle, the axes of coils in
said rows thereby being disposed alternately in two offset parallel
planes.
2. A spring assembly comprising in combination, a plurality of
spaced parallel rows of coils each as defined in claim 1, adjacent
rows being connected by means comprising a zig-zag shaped
continuous length or wire, bends of said zig-zag connector wire
being pivotally attached to corners of said Z-shaped segments.
3. Means as defined in claim 2 wherein the distance between every
sixth bend of said zig-zag wire is approximately equal to the
between-axis spacing of alternate coils in one of said rows.
4. A spring assembly as defined in claim 2 wherein the coils within
each row are like-handed, coils in alternate rows being of opposite
hand.
5. A spring assembly as defined in claim 2 further comprising first
and second border wires peripherally surrounding said spring
assembly, and respectively disposed in said first and second planes
at the upper and lower surfaces of said spring assembly.
6. A spring assembly as defined in claim 2 wherein a first set of
said zig-zag connectors are disposed in said first plane at the
upper spring assembly surface, and a second set of said zig-zag
connectors are disposed in said second plane at the lower spring
assembly surface.
7. A spring assembly as defined in claim 6 wherein bends of said
zig-zag connectors are looped about portions of said Z-shaped
interconnection segments to form pivotal couplings.
8. A spring assembly comprising:
a plurality of rows of coils, each of said rows being formed from a
single continuous piece of wire and containing a plurality of coils
interconnected by Z-shaped wire segments, alternate ones of said
Z-shaped interconnection segments being disposed relatively in the
planes of the upper and lower surfaces of said spring assembly, the
axes of alternate ones of said coils in one of said rows being
disposed in a first plane perpendicular to the upper and lower
surfaces of said spring assembly, the axes of the other coils in
said row being substantially parallel and disposed in a second
plane parallel to, but displaced from said first plane,
the coils of each row being connected to the adjacent row of coils
by means of first and second sets of said zig-zag shaped connectors
each formed of a continuous length of wire, said sets being
disposed respectively in the planes of said upper and lower
surfaces of said spring assembly, the bends of said zig-zag
connectors being pivotally attached to said Z-shaped
interconnection segments.
9. A spring assembly as defined in claim 15 wherein the distance
between every sixth bend of one of said zig-zag connectors is
substantially equal to the between-axis spacing of alternate coils
in one of said rows.
10. A spring assembly as defined in claim 8 wherein, when viewed in
a columnar direction perpendicular to said rows, alternate Z-shaped
interconnection segments are disposed in the plane of said upper
surface of said spring assembly, the other Z-shaped interconnection
segments in said column being disposed in the plane of said bottom
surface of said spring assembly.
11. A spring assembly as defined in claim 10 wherein the axes of
coils in adjacent rows lie in planes disposed in the columnar
direction and of equidistant spacing as measured in the row
direction.
12. A spring assembly according to claim 8 further comprising:
first and second generally planar border members disposed
respectively in the planes of said upper and lower surfaces of said
spring assembly, each border member comprising a pair of end rails,
a pair of side rails, and corner means connecting adjacent ends of
said rails, each rail having a plurality of hook means integrally
formed therein for fastening said coils to said border members.
13. A spring assembly comprising:
a plurality of rows of coils, each of said rows being formed from a
single continuous piece of wire and containing a plurality of coils
interconnected by Z-shaped wire segments, alternate ones of said
Z-shaped interconnection segments being disposed respectively in
the planes of the upper and lower surfaces of said spring assembly,
and
first and second pairs of border wires disposed respectively in the
planes of the upper and lower surfaces of said spring assembly,
each of said pairs comprising an outer border wire peripherally
surrounding said spring assembly, and an inner border wire parallel
to said outer border wire and spaced therefrom by a distance
approximately equal to half the diameter of the coils in one of
said rows.
14. A spring assembly as defined in claim 13 further comprising a
zig-zag connector formed of a continuous length of wire, adjacent
bends of said zig-zag connector being looped respectively about
said outer and said inner border wires to provide mutually
pivotable spaced interconnection therebetween.
15. A spring assembly as defined in claim 14 wherein the end coils
in alternate rows are attached to said outer border wire, the end
coils in the other rows being connected to said inner border
wire.
16. A spring assembly as defined in claim 15 wherein said end coils
are pivotally attached to said border wire by means of said zig-zag
connector.
17. A spring assembly comprising:
a plurality of rows of coils having upper and lower surfaces
disposed in common respective upper and lower planes;
first and second pairs of border wires disposed respectively in
said upper and lower planes, each of said pairs comprising an outer
border wire peripherally surrounding said spring assembly and an
inner border wire parallel to said outer border wire and spaced
inwardly therefrom, said border wires being attached to said coil
rows; and
a zig-zag connector formed of a continuous length of wire, adjacent
bends of said zig-zag connector being looped respectively about
said outer and inner border wires to provide mutually spaced
interconnection therebetween.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to spring assemblies such as
frequently used in the construction of innersprings, mattresses,
upholstered furniture and the like. More particularly, the present
invention relates to an interconnected spring assembly comprising
coils disposed in rows each formed of a continuous length of wire,
adjacent rows being attached by zig-zag connectors.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
The prior art is replete with spring assemblies useful for
mattresses, innersprings, upholstered furniture and the like. While
these are of various configurations, they all employ in common rows
of coils, often hourglass in shape, interconnected at top and
bottom by complex wire interlacing.
Such prior art spring assemblies, varied though they may be in
exact configuration, all suffer similar shortcomings. Primary among
these are the large amount of wire used to interconnect the coils,
and the complexity of the lacing schemes employed for the
interconnections. Both problems significantly add to the cost of
the assembly, the former by requiring additional material to be
used, the latter by making it virtually impossible to use machine
assembly techniques.
Another shortcoming typical of prior art spring assemblies is the
lack of sufficient surface platen to prevent the padding, fabric
and other materials surrounding the coil assembly in an innerspring
or mattress from pressing through. Typically, this problem has been
attacked by increasing the number of coils in the assembly, or the
complexity of the intercoil wire lacing. Of course, these attempted
solutions only add to the cost and complexity of manufacturing the
assembly.
Prior art spring assemblies also are typified by another problem,
somewhat interrelated with those already mentioned. To provide
innersprings or mattresses of optimum comfort requires coil
assemblies which are rigid yet resilient, with a minimum of lateral
deflection. Thus, when a person is lying on a mattress in the
longitudinal or "body resting" direction, the coils beneath him
should give sufficiently to accommodate the contour of the body,
but not so much so that proper orthopedic support for the body is
lost. Moreover, the coils to either side of the person should be
deflected by a minimal amount, lest the mattress sink into a
concave shape not conducive to proper rest or support. Then too,
the mattress or innerspring should be quiet, i.e., free from noise
caused by the scraping of adjacent coils or interconnections when
deflected by the weight of a person sitting or reclining on the
spring assembly.
To provide these desired characteristics of rigidity with
resiliency, minimal lateral deflection and quiet operation, prior
art spring assemblies have resorted to the use of large numbers of
coils or complicated interlacing schemes. The coils typically are
formed in hourglass or spool shapes with relatively larger diameter
convolutions at the top and bottom, in an attempt to avoid body
contact of adjacent coils, and thus reduce the noise problem, as
well as to reduce the quantity of wire metal employed in the
assembly.
The above described shortcomings of the prior art are overcome by
using the inventive spring assembly, in which rows of coils are
flexibly interrelated by zig-zag connectors. The inventive spring
assembly provides maximum efficiency of wire utilization, typically
employing 50 percent less wire than spring assemblies of the prior
art. Moreover, the spring assembly provides improved performance
characteristics, including minimal lateral deflection, an absence
of noise associated with body contact between adjacent coils, and a
large surface platen for supporting the fabric, padding or other
material of a mattress or innerspring. Moreover, the inventive
spring assembly readily lends itself to assembly by automated
techniques, thus permitting machine assembly with a concomitant
minimization of cost.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a novel
spring assembly comprising a plurality of rows of helical coils or
springs, each row formed from a single, continuous length of wire.
Within a row, the coils may be said to be of like convolution, all
being either righthanded or lefthanded when viewed from one of the
above or below aspects. The coils are all aligned with their axes
substantially perpendicular to the upper and lower surfaces of the
assembly.
Within a row, adjacent coils are connected by planar, substantially
Z-shaped interconnection segments, alternate segments being located
at opposite ends of the coils. That is, if the Z-shaped wire
segment interconnecting the first and second coil in a row is
disposed in the plane of the upper assembly surface, the Z-shaped
wire segment interconnecting the second and third coils in the row
will lie in the plane of the lower assembly surface. Further,
alternate coils in each row are offset. That is, the axes of
alternate coils lie in a first plane perpendicular to the upper and
lower assembly surfaces, while the axes of the intervening coils
lie in a second plane parallel to, but displaced or offset from,
the first plane.
In the spring assembly, adjacent rows of coils of the novel
configuration just described are interconnected by means of novel
zig-zag connectors. These connectors each comprise a single
continuous length of wire bent into zig-zag shape. Bends of the
zig-zag connector are looped about portions of the Z-shaped coil
interconnection segments so as to provide novel pivotal couplings
therebetween. Such zig-zag connectors are provided in the planes of
both the upper and lower spring assembly surfaces, the zig-zag
connectors and the Z-shaped segments together providing maximum
surface platen for the support of padding, fabric and the like.
In a preferred embodiment, the coils in adjacent rows are of the
opposite hand. That is, all of the coils in alternate rows are
righthanded, while all of the coils in the intervening rows are
lefthanded.
In one embodiment, single or double border wires define the outer
periphery of the upper and lower spring assembly surfaces.
Alternatively, a rail-type construction including die punched hooks
may be used as a border for the spring assembly.
Thus, it is an object of the present invention to provide an
improved spring assembly.
Another object of the present invention is to provide as a novel
article of manufacture, a row of interconnected coils formed of a
single continuous length of wire, the wire segments interconnecting
adjacent coils being substantially Z-shaped.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a
simplified interconnection arrangement for the coils of a spring
assembly.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a spring
assembly comprising rows of lefthanded coils alternating with rows
of righthanded coils, the rows being simply interconnected by
zig-zag connectors.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a spring
assembly wherein adjacent rows of coils are connected by crossover
elements providing pivotal couplings at each point of
connection.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a spring
assembly having maximum efficiency of wire utilization and
utilizing a novel row configuration wherein adjacent coils are
coupled by Z-shaped crossover elements effectively providing four
point connections between the coils.
Yet a further object of the present invention is to provide a
spring assembly having improved load characteristics, including a
minimum of lateral deflection due to the presence of lateral
flexure provided by zig-zag intercoil connectors.
Still a further object of the present invention is to provide an
improved spring assembly of optimum quietness achieved by spacing
adjacent coils in a row by means of integral Z-shaped wire
interconnection segments, and by providing pivotal coupling between
coils of adjacent rows.
It is yet a further object of the present invention to provide a
spring assembly capable of manufacture by automation techniques yet
using a minimum of wire and providing a maximum of surface platen
for the support of padding, fabric and other materials.
Still a further object of the present invention is to provide novel
double wire or rail-type border constructions for a spring assembly
of the type described.
Still other objects, features and attendant advantages of the
present invention, together with various modifications, will become
apparent to those skilled in the art from a reading of the
following detailed description of the preferred embodiments
constructed in accordance therewith, taken in conjunction with the
accompanying drawings wherein like numerals designate like parts in
the several figures.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a side elevation view of an innerspring unit in
accordance with the present invention, illustrating the staggered
or offset relationship of successive coils in each row;
FIG. 2 is a top plan view, as seen in the direction of arrows 2--2
in FIG. 1, further illustrating the staggered relationship of the
coils in each row as well as the Z-shaped wire segments
interconnecting each coil pair and the zig-zag connectors coupling
adjacent rows of coils;
FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of a portion of one row of
coils and a zig-zag connector;
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary plan view, similar in aspect to FIG. 2, but
enlarged therefrom and taken in partial section in the direction of
arrows 4--4 in FIG. 1, illustrating the bottom Z-shaped
interconnection segments and the zig-zag connectors, with the top
Z-shaped interconnection segments being shown in phantom to
illustrate their offset relationship;
FIG. 5 is an end elevation view, taken in the direction of arrows
5--5 in FIG. 2 and enlarged therefrom, illustrating the paired coil
relationship;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged fragmentary plan view in the same aspect as
FIG. 2;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged fragmentary perspective view illustrating the
zig-zag interconnections;
FIG. 8 is an enlarged sectional view taken along line 8--8 in FIG.
7;
FIG. 9 is a diagrammatic plan view in which each coil pair, in each
row, is designated by block lines constituting continuations of the
Z-shaped coil interconnection segments;
FIG. 10 is a diagrammatic elevational view as though taken along
line 10--10 in FIG. 9, illustrating unitary load effects in the
lateral direction within each row;
FIG. 11 is a diagrammatic elevational view as though taken along
line 11--11 in FIG. 9, illustrating the distributed load effects in
the longitudinal direction;
FIG. 12 is a fragmentary plan view of a double border wire
embodiment of the inventive spring assembly;
FIG. 13 is an enlarged sectional view taken along line 13--13 in
FIG. 12;
FIG. 14 is an enlarged sectional view taken along line 14--14 in
FIG. 12;
FIG 15 is a fragmentary plan view of a rail-type border embodiment
of the inventive spring assembly;
FIG. 16 is a side elevation view as taken along line 16--16 in FIG.
15, showing an end coil of a typical row situated between upper and
lower side rails of the border;
FIG 17 is a fragmentary top plan view as taken along line 17--17 in
FIG. 16, illustrating the manner in which coils are attached to the
lower side rail;
FIG. 18 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view as taken along
line 18--18 in FIG. 17, illustrating a typical die punched hook
used to connect a coil to a border rail;
FIG. 19 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view of the die
punched hook also shown in FIG 18, but prior to attachment to a
coil; and
FIG. 20 is a fragmentary top plan view illustrating the manner in
which coils of the inventive spring assembly may be attached to an
end rail of the type shown in FIG. 15.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring now to the drawings, and particularly to FIGS. 1 and 2
thereof, there is shown an innerspring unit 20 utilizing a spring
assembly in accordance with the present invention. The upper
surface 21 of innerspring 20 has a generally rectangular periphery
defined by border wire 22, while the lower surface 23 of
innerspring 20 has a similarly rectangular periphery defined by
border wire 24.
Innerspring 20 includes a plurality of rows 25 of righthanded coils
alternating with a plurality of rows 26 of lefthanded coils. As
best illustrated in FIGS. 2, 3 and 5, each row 25 of righthanded
coils is formed from a continuous length of wire. The wire is wound
to form a plurality of spaced coil pairs 27 interconnected by
substantially Z-shaped wire segments 28 disposed in the plane of
upper innerspring surface 21. The wire segments 29 interconnecting
adjacent coil pairs 27 also are substantially Z-shaped, and lie
within the plane of lower innerspring surface 23.
As evident in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, each coil pair 27 comprises a first
righthanded coil 27a offset from a second righthanded coil 27b
having the same number of turns as coil 27a. Thus, the axes of
coils 27a lie within a plane which is parallel to, but spaced apart
from a second plane within which lie the axes of offset coils 27b.
It will be appreciated from FIGS. 2 and 5 that the axes of adjacent
coils 27a and 27b are equidistant, the axes being generally
perpendicular to the upper and lower surfaces 21 and 23 of
innerspring unit 20.
While each of coils 27a and 27b is illustrated as having
approximately two turns or convolutions, this number is not
critical. Thus, a greater or lesser number of convolutions may be
used, depending on the tensile strength of the wire and the manner
in which the coils are formed, so as to provide a spring force
appropriate to the particular application. As will be appreciated
from the following description, the coil interconnection technique
utilized in inventive innerspring mattress 20 prevents adjacent
coils from binding when compressed, even though they are not of
hourglass configuration. Thus, a variety of shapes may be employed,
such as an hourglass or even its converse potbellied shape, but the
basically cylindrical shape illustrated is preferred for ease and
economy of manufacture and assembly.
Each alternate row 26 is configured identically to that of an
adjacent row 25; however, each coil within row 26 is lefthanded.
Thus, a typical row 26 is formed of a continuous length of wire
wound into coil pairs 30, each comprising coils 30a and 30b
interconnected by a substantially Z-shaped wire segment 31 lying
within the plane of upper innerspring surface 21. Adjacent coil
pairs 30 are interconnected by substantially Z-shaped segments of
wire 32 (shown in phantom in FIG. 2) generally disposed within the
plane of lower innerspring surface 23.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the spacing between
axes of adjacent coils within row 25 is substantially the same as
the between-axis spacing of adjacent coils in row 26. Further,
should a coil pair in row 25 be interconnected in the plane of
upper innerspring surface 21, in a preferred embodiment, the
adjacent coil pair in row 26 will be interconnected in the plane of
lower innerspring surface 23. This is well illustrated in FIG. 2,
where, in row 25', typical adjacent coils 27a' and 27b' are
interconnected by a Z-shaped wire segment 28' lying within upper
innerspring surface 21. In the adjacent coil pair in row 26', coils
30a' and 30b' are interconnected by a Z-shaped wire segment 32'
lying in the plane of lower innerspring surface 23. This
alternating pattern is repeated throughout innerspring unit 20. It
is also apparent in FIG 2 that, in the preferred embodiment shown,
the axes of all coils in the same column lie within a common plane
perpendicular to the direction of rows 25 and 26.
It is also apparent in FIG. 2 that the top and bottom portions of
each Z-shaped interconnection segment 28, 29, 30 and 31 lie within
the columnar planes defined by the axes of adjacent coils within
the same column. Thus, the "height" of each Z-shaped
interconnection segment corresponds to the between-column spacing
of the coils in innerspring unit 20.
Each row 25 of righthanded coils is connected to the adjacent row
or rows 26 of lefthanded coils by means of zig-zag connectors 33
(see FIG. 3). A first set of zig-zag connectors, herein designated
33a, are disposed within the plane of upper innerspring surface 21
(see FIGS. 2 and 7) so as to join together portions of upper
Z-shaped interconnection segments 28 and 31. A second set of
zig-zag connectors, herein designated 33b (see FIG. 4), lie within
the plane of lower innerspring surface 23 and serve to join
together portions of lower Z-shaped interconnection segments 29 and
32. As evident in the plan view of FIG. 2, the length of each leg
of zig-zag connector 33 and the angles between these legs are
selected so that the distance between every sixth point or bend
equals twice the between-column spacing of innerspring unit 20.
Thus, the distance between bends 34 and 35 of typical zig-zag
connector 33a' corresponds to twice the height of typical Z-shaped
interconnection segment 31.
The manner in which zig-zag connectors 33 are attached to coil rows
25 and 26 is best illustrated in FIGS. 6, 7 and 8. Referring first
to FIG. 6, it is apparent that, when viewed in plan, each Z-shaped
interconnection segment 28 defines a generally rectangular area
having a first pair of free diagonally opposite corners 28a, and a
second pair of diagonally opposite corners 28b where joined to coil
pair 27. Similarly, each Z-shaped interconnection segment 31
defines a generally rectangular area having a first pair of
diagonally opposite, free corners 31a and a second pair of
diagonally opposite corners 31b where joined to coil pair 30.
Similarly, lower Z-shaped interconnection segments 29 each have a
first pair of diagonally opposite free corners 29a and a second
pair of diagonally opposite corners 29b where joined to coil pair
27. While not specifically shown, each of lower Z-shaped
interconnection segments 32 define a similar rectangular
region.
Referring to FIG. 6, it will be appreciated that the
interconnection pattern is repeated every six bends of zig-zag
connector 33. Thus, first bend 41 is connected to corner 31b of a
typical Z-shaped interconnection segment 31 lying within row 26.
Second bend 42 is free standing, not being connected to any coil
pair. Third bend 43 is connected to free corner 31a of the same
Z-shaped interconnection segment 31 to which bend 41 is attached.
Fourth bend 44 is connected to corner 28b of the Z-shaped
interconnection segment 28 in row 25. Note that bends 43 and 44
thus are associated with coils lying in adjacent rows but in the
same column. Fifth bend 45 of zig-zag connector 33 also is free
standing, not being connected to any coil pair. Sixth bend 46 is
connected to free standing end 28a of the same Z-shaped
interconnection segment 28 to which bend 44 is attached. Of course,
this interconnection scheme is repeated for each zig-zag connector
33a lying within the plane of upper innerspring surface 21, as well
as for each zig-zag connector 33b (see FIG. 7) lying within the
plane of lower innerspring surface 23.
The manner in which each bend of zig-zag connector 33 is attached
to a portion of coil row 25 or 26 is best illustrated in FIGS. 7
and 8. As evident therein, bend 44 of zig-zag connector 33a is
attached to corner 28b of Z-shaped interconnection segment 28
merely by looping the apex 36 of the wire forming bend 44 around
the wire segment 37 forming corner 28b. Such a connection is simple
to manufacture, requiring no actual twisting of the interconnection
wire about the wire forming the coils. Moreover, such an
interconnection permits rotation of coil wire section 37 within
loop 36. Thus, should coil 27a be compressed, legs 38 and 39 of
zig-zag connector 33 will be angled downward, but will not cause
disorientation of coil 27a since coil wire 37 is free to rotate
within the looped connection at bend 44.
The rotational freedom permitted at the interconnections between
the bends of zig-zag connectors 33 and the corners of Z-shaped
interconnection segments 28, 29, 31 and 32 is only one of the
features of the present invention, permitting relatively
independent compression of individual coils. Referring to FIG. 6,
additional freedom is provided by the fact that, when a typical
coil 30b" is compressed, the adjacent unconnected bend 47 of
zig-zag connector 33 is free to be displaced, as to the position
shown at 47' in FIG. 6. In addition to this displacement, the
zig-zag connector is free to twist or flex adjacent bend 47, as
well as to rotate about adjacent connected bends 48 and 49. Then,
too, when coil 30b" is compressed, Z-shaped interconnection segment
31 itself is free to flex, bend, or twist, particularly at corners
31a", so as to displace the plane of the Z to an angle with respect
to the plane of upper innerspring surface 21.
It should be apparent that each free standing or unconnected bend
of zig-zag connector 33a or 33b, of which bends 42, 45 and 47 are
representative (see FIG. 6), may have a different configuration
than the preferred shape of a single acute bend illustrated, such
as a plurality of short reversing bends adjacent each other, a
wiggly shape, and so forth, as long as a free standing portion is
provided for its deflection characteristics as previously
described.
From the foregoing description, it should be apparent that the
unitary load effects in the lateral direction within each row 25 or
26 of innerspring unit 20 differ somewhat from the distributed load
effects in the longitudinal or columnar direction. These load
effects are illustrated diagrammatically in FIGS. 9, 10 and 11
wherein each coil pair of a continuous row of coils is designated
by rectangular block lines (completing the lines of the Z-shaped
interconnection segments). In considering FIGS. 9, 10 and 11, it
should be borne in mind that the body resting direction of a person
reclining on innerspring 10 normally is in the longitudinal or
columnar direction.
Referring now to FIG. 9, each block 50 represents the outline of
typical upper Z-shaped interconnection segment 28 in coil row 25.
Similarly, each block 51 represents the outline of a typical upper
Z-shaped interconnection segment 31 in coil row 26.
As apparent from the diagram of FIG. 10, when a typical coil pair
shown in phantom at 51 is loaded from above, as indicated by the
arrow marked L, the loaded coils are compressed, Z-shaped
interconnection element 31 being depressed downward to the position
shown in FIG. 10 at 51'. Note, however, that adjacent coil pairs
within the same row 26, represented by blocks 51a in FIG. 10,
remain substantially undisplaced. Thus, in the lateral direction,
the coil pairs making up a typical row of innerspring units 20 are
substantially independently compressible, little or no displacement
of adjacent coil pairs occurring when a unitary coil pair is
loaded.
As evident from the diagram of FIG. 11, a distributed loading
effect occurs in the longitudinal or "body resting" direction of
innerspring unit 20. Thus, when a typical coil pair in row 26 is
loaded from above, as indicated by the arrow marked L in FIG. 11,
the corresponding upper Z-shaped interconnection segment is
displaced from the position shown in phantom at 51 to the position
shown at 51'. This displacement, acting through the adjacent legs
of zig-zag connectors 33a, tends to slightly angularly displace
adjacent coils in the same column, as from the positions shown in
phantom at 50 in FIG. 11 to the angularly displaced positions shown
and designated 50'. Note that this distributed load effect in the
longitudinal direction is minimal, and that the coils two rows away
from the loaded pair are substantially undisturbed, as indicated by
the blocks marked 51b in FIG. 11.
Thus, the lateral and longitudinal load effects characteristic of
the inventive spring assembly provide an innerspring of outstanding
comfort. Moreover, the simple configuration of the inventive spring
assembly is one which can be readily mechanized, thereby permitting
fabrication of spring assemblies with a minimum of hand operations.
Moreover, since each row of coils is formed from a single,
continuous wire, the rows can be entirely fabricated by machine on
a continuous basis. In this respect, a pair of rows, one
righthanded, the other lefthanded, normally would be fashioned
simultaneously on cross-compensated machines to provide adjacent
coil sets having like compression characteristics but oppositely
convoluted. Further, the Z-shaped coil interconnection segments and
the zig-zag connectors together provide maximum surface platen at
both top and bottom of the inventive spring assembly, thereby
minimizing the likelihood of padding, fabric or like material from
passing through into the interior of the innerspring unit.
An alternative embodiment of the inventive spring assembly is shown
in FIGS 12, 13 and 14. This embodiment utilizes a double border
wire configuration which substantially increases the rectangular
structural integrity of the border assembly and simplifies
attachment of the coil row ends to the innerspring border.
As shown in FIG 2, the upper surface of innerspring unit 20' is
surrounded by an outer border wire 52, typically defining a
rectangular shape for the spring assembly. An inner border wire 53
parallels outer border wire 52 and also lies within the upper
surface of innerspring unit 20'. The spacing between border wires
52 and 53 is approximately one-half of the maximum coil diameter of
a typical coil utilized in innerspring 20'. A zig-zag connector 54,
formed of a continuous piece of wire, serves to maintain border
wires 52 and 53 in fixed parallel relationship to each other, i.e.,
provides a truss-like rigid framework between the border wires for
securing them together, while also serving to attach the ends of
coil rows 25 and 26 to the border wires.
Referring back to FIG. 2, it may be seen that the last Z-shaped
interconnection segment in each row 25 lies within the plane of
upper innerspring surface 21, while the last Z-shaped
interconnection segment 32 of each row 26 lies within the plane of
lower innerspring surface 23. The double border wire embodiment of
FIG. 12 takes advantage of this alternating coil configuration.
Thus, each end Z-shaped interconnection segment 28 in row 25 is
attached to inner border wire 53. The termination of the end coil
30a" end of row 26 then is connected between border wires 52 and
53, as shown in FIG. 12. Note that this termination corresponds to
the wire segment from which a Z-shaped interconnection 31 would be
fashioned were row 26 longer.
The manner in which the coils are attached to border wires 52 and
53 is well illustrated in FIGS. 12, 13 and 14. Note that a first
bend 61 of zig-zag connector 54 is looped over outer border wire
52. Second bend 62 of zig-zag connector 54 is looped over both
inner border wire 53 and a portion of Z-shaped interconnection
segment 28 approximately midway between corners 28a and 28b
thereof. Third bend 63 is looped over outer border wire 52, while
fourth bend 64 is looped over inner border wire 53.
Fifth, sixth and seventh bends 65, 66 and 67 of zig-zag connector
54 are used to attach the end of row 26 to border wires 52 and 53.
As evident in FIG. 12, bend 66 is looped over inner border wire 53,
as well as over wire segment 31 approximately midway between
corners 31a and 31b. Bends 65 and 67 each are looped both over
outer border wire 52 and over wire segment 31 adjacent respective
corners 31a and 31b. Finally, eighth bend 68 of zig-zag connector
54 is looped about inner border wire 53. Of course, this
interconnection pattern is repeated for consecutive coil rows 25
and 26.
While not illustrated in FIG. 12, the lower surface of innerspring
unit 20' similarly is provided with a pair of spaced parallel
border wires. Of course, Z-shaped interconnection segments 32 of
rows 26 are connected to the inner border wire at the lower surface
of innerspring unit 20'.
Thus, it is seen that double border wires 52 and 53 are secured to
each other in a unitary manner and it will be understood by those
skilled in the art that improved structural integrity is provided
whereby the usual border or edge non-uniform sag problem is
substantially eliminated, particularly in connection with the
border beam or wire deflection effect commonly occurring when the
padding or fabric is tightly wrapped and drawn about the
innerspring border.
An alternative border arrangement for the inventive spring assembly
is shown in FIGS. 15 through 20. Referring first to FIG 15, spring
assembly 20" includes an upper, generally rectangular border 70 of
rail-type construction. Border 70 comprises a pair of spaced
parallel side rails 71 aligned generally perpendicular to a pair of
spaced parallel end rails 72. Each of rails 71 and 72 is
substantially planar, typically being fabricated of a strip of
metal.
The end 74 of rail 71 may be connected to the adjacent end 75 of
rail 72 by means of a planar, arcuate corner member 76 also shown
in FIG. 15. Typically, corner member 76 may be fabricated of metal,
and may be rivoted or spot welded to rails 71 and 72. For added
stiffness, corner member 76 may be provided with an elongate
central arcuate boss or raised portion 77. Of course, upper border
70 includes four such corner members 76.
Although hidden in FIG. 15, spring assembly 20" also includes a
lower rail-type border comprising a pair of side rails 71' evident
in FIGS. 16 and 17, and a pair of end rails 72' evident in FIG. 20.
The adjacent ends of rails 71' and 72' are connected by corner
members (not shown) similar to member 76 of FIG. 15.
The outer edges of rails 71, 71', 72 and 72' each may be provided
with a protective trim 78 to prevent the sharp edges of the rails
from cutting the padding or fabric used to cover spring assembly
20". Typically, protective trim 78 may comprise a flexible,
cylindrical plastic rod which is slit longitudinally and inserted
about the outer edge of the rail to be protected. Thus in FIGS. 16,
the outer edge of rail 71' is inserted into slit 79 of flexible
plastic rod 78'. An epoxy or other adhesive may be used to retain
protective trim 78 in place.
Referring to FIGS. 16 and 17, the end coil 80 of each row 25 of
spring assembly 20" is situated between upper side rail 71 and
lower side rail 71'. Similarly, the end coil 81 (FIG. 17) of each
row 26 of spring assembly 20" is situated between side rails 71 and
71', but offset toward the center of the spring assembly with
respect to end coils 80.
Each end coil 80 is fastened to side rails 71 and 71' by means of a
plurality of die punched hook means 81, shown in detail in FIGS.
17, 18 and 19. Each hook means 81 may include a tongue 82 defined
by a generally U-shaped cut 83 through rail 71 or 71'. When formed,
tongue 82 preferably is offset from rail 71 or 72' by a distance
equal to or slightly greater than the diameter of the wire used to
form coil 80. Coil 80 then may be fastened to rail 71 or 71' simply
by bending the end 82' of tongue 82 around the wire of coil 80 and
back toward rail 71, as clearly shown in FIG. 18.
The Z-shaped interconnection segments 84 associated with the end
coils in adjacent columns of spring assembly 20" may be connected
to end rails 72 and 72' in the manner shown in FIG. 20. Referring
thereto, hook means 85' are similar to hook means 81 described
above, and also may be formed by die punching. However, to
facilitate attachment of segments 84 as close as possible to the
outer edge 86 of end rail 72', the tongue 87 of each hook means 85
may be defined by a pair of parallel cuts 88 extending
perpendicularly inward from the rail edge 86. Each tongue 87 is
offset from rail 72' and folded back over interconnection segment
84 in a manner similar to that shown in FIG. 18 above.
Protective trim 78" may be applied to rail 72' subsequent to
attachment thereto of interconnection segments 84. Trim 78" thus
will prevent the sharp corners between edges 86 and 88 from cutting
the padding or fabric used to cover spring assembly 20".
The rail-type border 70 described in conjunction with FIGS. 15
through 20 incorporates a minimum of components, lends itself
readily to automatic fabrication techniques and, by the use of die
punched hooks, permits rapid, simple attachment to a spring
assembly of the novel type described. Despite its simplicity,
border 70 provides firm support and prevents edge sagging of the
innerspring, mattress, or other cushion utilizing the inventive
spring assembly.
While the invention has been described with respect to several
physical embodiments constructed in accordance therewith, it will
be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications
and improvements may be made without departing from the scope and
spirit of the invention.
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