U.S. patent number 3,656,311 [Application Number 04/775,402] was granted by the patent office on 1972-04-18 for rectification by dividing the feed gas into partial streams.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Messer Griesheim GmbH. Invention is credited to Otto Kaiser.
United States Patent |
3,656,311 |
Kaiser |
April 18, 1972 |
RECTIFICATION BY DIVIDING THE FEED GAS INTO PARTIAL STREAMS
Abstract
Improved rectification of a feed gas is achieved by dividing the
feed gas into two or more partial streams that are then introduced
at different levels in the rectification zone.
Inventors: |
Kaiser; Otto (Rodenbach,
DT) |
Assignee: |
Messer Griesheim GmbH
(Frankfurt, DT)
|
Family
ID: |
5676816 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/775,402 |
Filed: |
November 13, 1968 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Nov 15, 1967 [DT] |
|
|
P 15 51 607.1 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
62/620 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F25J
3/0233 (20130101); F25J 3/0209 (20130101); B01D
3/14 (20130101); F25J 3/0257 (20130101); F25J
2210/06 (20130101); F25J 2270/02 (20130101); F25J
2200/02 (20130101); F25J 2200/50 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B01D
3/14 (20060101); F25J 3/02 (20060101); F25j
003/02 (); F25j 005/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;62/27,28,29,30,31 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Yudkoff; Norman
Assistant Examiner: Purcell; Arthur F.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. In the process for the rectification of a feed gas mixture at
elevated pressure, the improvement which comprises dividing said
feed gas without rectification into two partial streams of the same
composition, passing one partial stream directly in series through
an expansion valve to expand said one partial stream to
substantially rectification pressure, then in countercurrent heat
exchange relation with all of the other partial stream to effect
cooling of said other partial stream and then into a rectification
zone operating at substantially a single rectification pressure, at
a level overlying the lowermost trays thereof as wet vapor of
relatively low liquid content, passing all of the cooled other
partial stream through an expansion valve, and introducing all of
the expanded other partial stream as wet vapor of relatively high
liquid content into said rectification zone at a tray above the
tray at which said wet vapor of relatively low liquid content is
introduced.
2. In the process for the rectification of a feed gas mixture at
elevated pressure, the improvement which comprises dividing said
feed gas into at least two partial streams of the same composition,
expanding one partial stream through a expansion valve, passing the
expanded partial stream in countercurrent heat exchange relation
with another partial stream to effect cooling of said other partial
stream, then introducing said expanded partial stream as a wet
vapor of relatively low liquid content into a rectification zone,
dividing the cooled other partial stream to provide a third partial
stream, expanding the remainder of said cooled other partial stream
through a expansion valve, passing the expanded remainder of said
cooled other partial stream in countercurrent heat exchange
relation with said third partial stream to effect further cooling
of said third partial stream, then introducing the expanded
remainder of said cooled other partial stream as a wet vapor of
relatively high liquid content into said rectification zone at a
tray above the tray at which said wet vapor of relatively low
liquid content is introduced, expanding the further cooled third
partial stream through a expansion valve, and introducing the
expanded third partial stream into said rectification zone at a
tray above the tray where the expanded remainder of said cooled
other partial stream is introduced.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a process for improved rectification by
dividing the feed gas mixture into partial streams of high-liquid
and low-liquid contents at different temperatures. More
particularly, this invention relates to such rectification
processes where the feed gas mixture is at a higher pressure than
that of the rectifying column, and enters the column, after
expansion, as a wet vapor.
It is known that rectification is accomplished more easily when the
feed gas mixture, before entering the column, is divided into two
partial streams of different liquid contents. This is achieved by
heating one stream with a source of heat, and cooling the other
stream with a source of refrigeration. Thus, the first partial
stream is a wet vapor of low-liquid content and the second stream
is a wet vapor of high-liquid content. The second partial stream is
fed to the column a few trays above the first one.
In such process, free energy is added to the feed gas mixture by
means of the aforesaid sources of heat and refrigeration.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is the object of this invention to carry out a rectifying
process with divided feed gas stream, without the necessity of
adding free energy to the feed gas stream.
A process was found for the rectification of a gas mixture, in
which the feed gas mixture is divided into two partial streams of
different liquid contents. The partial stream with the higher
liquid content is fed to the column a few trays above the tray
where the partial stream of low-liquid content is introduced. The
characteristic feature of this process is that, after its
expansion, one partial stream transmits refrigeration to the other
partial stream and is then fed into the column, while the other,
now cooled, partial stream is also expanded and fed into the column
a few trays above the first partial stream.
A slight improvement of this process can be achieved by likewise
dividing the second, now precooled, partial stream before expansion
into two partial streams. Again, one stream transmits refrigeration
after expansion to the other stream, and is then fed into the
column a few trays above the tray where the original first partial
stream was introduced. The second partial stream, thus further
cooled, is then also expanded and fed to the column a few trays
still further up.
In the description which follows, a two-component gas mixture is
used to explain the process in detail. Of course, the process is
not limited to two-component mixtures.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 shows a process diagram in which the feed gas is divided
into two partial streams;
FIG. 2 shows the relevant McCabe/Thiele diagram; and
FIG. 3 shows a process diagram in which the feed gas is divided
into three partial streams.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
According to this invention, the feed gas mixture 12 is divided
into two partial streams as shown in FIG. 1. After expansion
through throttle valve 1 and heating in heat exchanger 2, the first
partial stream enters rectifying column 4 by way of line 3 as a wet
vapor of relatively low liquid content. The second partial stream
is cooled in heat exchanger 2, then expanded through throttle valve
5, and introduced into rectifying column 4 by line 6 as a wet vapor
of relatively high liquid content, a few trays above the tray where
the first partial stream enters the column.
From the relevant McCabe-Thiele diagram, FIG. 2, it is obvious that
rectification without dividing the feed gas stream or without
additional heat applied at the bottom of the column as well as
refrigeration applied at the top of the column, is not possible,
since the two outer rectification lines intersect at point A,
beyond the equilibrium curve.
By producing cooler and warmer feed gas streams, in accordance with
this invention, it is possible without adding any free energy, that
the rectification lines intersect at two points below the
equilibrium curve. Thus, rectification is achieved. In FIG. 2, Z
stands for the composition of the feed gas mixture and F/D is the
ratio between liquid volume and vapor volume in a partial stream.
It is true that, when entering the column, the two partial wet
vapor streams have the same composition and the same total energy
(enthalpy) as the undivided feed gas stream. However, the two
partial streams have a higher free energy than a feed gas stream
that is expanded without having been divided. According to their
different liquid/vapor ratios, the two partial streams have
different temperatures. The irreversible expansion of the feed gas
mixture to column pressure, is performed more reversibly due to the
division, so that less energy is lost during the pressure reduction
and thus more free energy is available for the rectification
process.
FIG. 3 shows the process of this invention with a division of the
feed gas stream into three partial streams. The symbols used in
FIG. 3 are the same as used in FIG. 1. To begin with, the feed gas
stream 12 is divided into two partial streams. The first stream is
expanded to column pressure through throttle valve 1, heated in
heat exchanger 2, and fed to rectifying column 4 through line 3.
The second partial stream is cooled in heat exchanger 2 and then
again divided into two partial streams. One of these is expanded
through throttle valve 7 to column pressure and thereby cooled,
then somewhat heated in heat exchanger 8 and fed to rectifying
column 4 through line 9, a few trays above the tray where the first
partial stream was introduced. The remaining or third partial
stream is further cooled in heat exchanger 8, then expanded through
throttle valve 10 and introduced by line 11 into column 4 as the
coldest partial stream with the highest liquid content. It is
therefore fed to rectifying column 4, several trays higher than the
trays where the two other partial streams enter the column.
As an illustrative example of the process of this invention, the
rectification of a mixture of 50 mol-percent N.sub.2 and 50
mol-percent CH.sub.4 is carried out to effect the removal of
nitrogen from natural gas. The economical double-column process, as
known for air separation plants, is used in spite of the high
CH.sub.4 content, by dividing the feed gas stream for the lower
pressure column. The feed stream for the lower pressure column
consists of the liquid crude methane from the sump of the higher
pressure column. This liquid crude methane is divided into two
partial streams, one of which is passed through a throttle valve to
produce a wet vapor stream that is then passed in heat exchange
relation with the other partial stream to cool it further. The thus
further cooled partial stream is then passed through a throttle
valve to produce a wet vapor stream of greater liquid content than
that of the first mentioned wet vapor stream. The wet vapor stream
of greater liquid content enters the lower pressure column at a
tray above the tray where the first mentioned wet vapor stream is
introduced.
Without this division of the feed stream to the lower pressure
column, the crude methane from the higher pressure column could be
separated into pure methane and pure nitrogen only by recycling a
fluid through a coil in the top of the lower pressure column to
effect cooling and through a coil in the bottom of said column to
effect heating.
* * * * *