U.S. patent number 3,656,018 [Application Number 05/092,586] was granted by the patent office on 1972-04-11 for brush holder assembly.
This patent grant is currently assigned to General Electric Company. Invention is credited to William M. Maher.
United States Patent |
3,656,018 |
Maher |
April 11, 1972 |
BRUSH HOLDER ASSEMBLY
Abstract
The invention disclosed is a brush holder assembly for use in
electric motors. It may be of any general shape and is
characterized by suitable structure that provides an interference
fit between the brush and its holder whereby the spring-biased
brush is wedged in the holder as a preassembly and is then easily
released by a slight pressure to permit the brush to smoothly
reciprocate in the brush holder against the commutator.
Inventors: |
Maher; William M. (Churchville,
NY) |
Assignee: |
General Electric Company
(N/A)
|
Family
ID: |
22233983 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/092,586 |
Filed: |
November 25, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
310/242;
310/247 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01R
39/40 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H01R
39/00 (20060101); H01R 39/40 (20060101); H01r
039/38 () |
Field of
Search: |
;310/239,242,245,247,248,219,42 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Duggan; D. F.
Claims
I claim:
1. In combination with an electric motor having a frame and
openings therein for brushes to contact a commutator, the
improvement in a brush holder assembly comprising,
a tubular holder member in said frame,
a spring-biased brush member disposed in and slidable
longitudinally of said holder,
integrally fixed means on one of said members predeterminedly
disposed between said brush and tube and frictionally and wedgingly
restraining said slidable movement therebetween over a portion of
said tube, and
opening means in said assembly for access to free said frictional
restraint whereby said brush is held in the tube during assembly of
said motor and then released for contact with the commutator.
2. Apparatus as described in claim 1 wherein the predeterminedly
disposed means is located in substantially the half of said
assembly remote from said commutator.
3. Apparatus as described in claim 1 wherein said tubular member
has an end surface remote from said commutator as a spring bearing
surface, and
said opening means is disposed in said end face.
4. Apparatus as described in claim 2 wherein said tubular member is
closed at one end thereof remote from said commutator,
said spring bearing on said one end, and
said opening means in an aperture centrally of said end and brush
member.
5. Apparatus as described in claim 1 wherein said restraining means
is a portion pressed into said tube toward said brush a distance
substantially equal to the clearance between said members.
6. Apparatus as described in claim 1 wherein said restraining means
is a longitudinally extending rib pressed into said tube toward
said brush a distance substantially equal to the clearance between
said members.
7. Apparatus as described in claim 1 wherein said restraining means
is a raised portion extending from said brush toward the tube,
said tube having a portion extending inwardly for cooperative
wedging therewith over a portion of said tube.
8. Apparatus as described in claim 5 wherein said tubular member is
closed at one end thereof remote from said commutator,
said spring bearing on said one end, and
said opening means is an aperture centrally of said end and brush
member.
9. Apparatus as described in claim 6 wherein said tubular member is
closed at one end thereof remote from said commutator,
said spring bearing on said one end, and
said opening means is an aperture centrally of said end and brush
member.
10. Apparatus as described in claim 7 wherein said tubular member
is closed at one end thereof remote from said commutator,
said spring bearing on said one end, and
said opening means is an aperture centrally of said end and brush
member.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention pertains to a brush holder assembly as used in an
electric motor frame wherein the assembly has means by which the
brush may be wedged in the brush holder for easy preassembly and
placement in position in the frame and the brush may then be easily
released for smooth slidable movement in the holder for biased
contact against the commutator.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Many types of brush holder assemblies have been devised for
different specific applications and these have generally been
directed to easily removable assemblies and are generally directed
to improvements of individual parts or reducing the cost and number
of parts of the assembly in order to adapt it for machine assembly
as opposed to manual assembly and to improve the repairability of
the device. Such improvements may prevent rotation, expelling, or
twisting movement of the brush or other parts and are all aimed at
simplifying the brush assembly structure.
None of the prior art has successfully overcome the inherent
tendency of the outwardly-biased brush from interfering with the
commutator during assembly or replacement. Various clamping means
must be used to hold the brush back in the brush holder so that it
does not interfere or strike the commutator until it is in
position.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Briefly described, the invention is directed to a brush holder
assembly that is used in an electric motor frame which is designed
for holding a rotating commutator. The brush holder assembly is
improved for easy assembly or replacement by providing a tubular
holder in the frame with its spring-biased brush member in the
holder and slidable longitudinally thereof. Integral fixed means is
provided on one of the members and is disposed between them as a
permanent part to provide a frictional restraint of the sliding
movement between the brush and holder. This restraint may be a
dimple in the holder whereby the brush is pushed back in the holder
and jammed or wedged by the dimple so the brush is held in the
holder and not expelled by the spring. The location of the holding
means is predetermined and is generally in the half of the assembly
that is away from the commutator for free movement in operation. A
suitable means such as an opening in the brush holder is provided
so that a tool may be put through the opening to push the brush
away from its frictional restraint and allow it to freely slide in
the normal fashion, once it is in the desired operating position.
Thus, the main object is to provide an improved brush holder
assembly that ensures that the brush and holder stay together as a
compact assembly without other external means even though the brush
is biased by an internal spring. The assembly is then placed in
position and the brush easily released or freed for normal
operation.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a partial perspective view of a typical motor frame
showing a brush holder assembly removed for convenience;
FIG. 2 is a detailed perspective view of a brush holder showing
frictional modifications;
FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view through a brush holder
showing a different frictional modification with the brush in two
positions;
FIG. 4 is a cut-away perspective showing carried a preferred
modification; and
FIG. 5 is a partial sectional view showing still another
modification.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
While the invention is applicable to any brush holder assembly,
regardless of its shape, it will be convenient to describe it in
the more common rectangular shape as used on many motors.
Referring to FIG. 1, there is shown an electric motor frame 10 that
is designed to support a rotating armature 12 with the usual
commutator 14. The frame may be of any material such as a die
casting or molded plastic and is supplied with upstanding brush
holder lugs 16 having openings 18 therethrough for the reception of
a brush holder assembly generally indicated at 20.
In the assembly of such electric motors, whether by automated
machinery or manual labor, it is generally desired to preassemble
the brush holder assembly 20 with its internal carbon brush and
spiral spring as a package. This is then inserted into opening 18
so the brush contacts commutator 14 in the normal manner. One of
the troublesome assembly or repair problems is the tendency of the
brush, because of its outward spring-bias, to interfere or get in
the way of the commutator or just plain drop out of the assembly.
It is the purpose of this invention to provide a convenient and
useful brush holder assembly wherein the parts stay together until
they are conveniently and easily released once the assembly is in
position on the motor frame.
Referring next to FIG. 2, a typical brush holder assembly is shown.
This generally comprises a tubular holder member 22 that will
usually be made of a flat piece of brass that is machine folded to
provide a tube open at one or both ends. Any form of tubular member
of different materials and formed in any suitable manner or cross
section may be used. The tubular holder 22 is provided with lug 24
for connection with the motor wiring. In order to retain the holder
in the frame, any suitable retention means well-known in the art
may be employed. Typically, as shown in FIG. 2, tubular holder 22
may be folded from a flat piece of sheet material to provide a
rectangular opening 26 centered on a slit extending down one side
of the holder with the free ends or four corners formed at the
intersections of the slit and the rectangular opening being bent
outwardly of the holder to form resilient tabs 28. When the holder
is slidably positioned in opening 18 of the frame as seen in FIG.
1, forward flexible tabs 28 are forced down and past an abutment 30
to drop into slot 32. The rear tabs 28 lock on the other surface of
abutment 30 and the holder is then locked against longitudinal
movement in opening 18. It may be released by insertion of a
suitable tool to depress the forward tabs 28 and withdraw the
holder.
In accordance with the invention, it is desired to provide means
whereby the brush can be retained within the holder so the entire
holder containing the spring-pressed brush can be handled as an
integral preassembly without external clamps or the like and
without fear of losing the brush or having it interfere with any
assembly or repair operation or, in other words, with just the use
of the operating parts themselves to keep the brush in its holder
and out of the way. To this end, as best seen in FIG. 4, it is
necessary to provide means to retain brush 34 within the holder
since the brush is constantly urged out of the end of the holder
under the bias effect of spring 36 which bears against spring
bearing surface 38 which may be on the closed end surface 40 remote
from the commutator as seen in FIG. 1. In order to restrain the
brush from being slidable longitudinally of holder 22, a suitable
means is provided as part of the brush or holder whereby the brush
can be wedged or jammed in position and held. This is most easily
accomplished by an indented fixed ridge or rib portion 42 that is
integral with and punched or pressed into the tubular holder 22 a
distance substantially equal to the clearance between the brush and
holder and at a predetermined location in the holder as shown.
Generally, this location is in the rearward half of the holder or
that portion that is remote from the commutator end to restrain
movement over a portion of the tube holder and allow the brush to
slide freely at the other end. The indentation is merely sufficient
in depth generally substantially equal to the clearance between the
parts, for the brush to be wedged when it is pushed under the
indentation as shown in FIG. 4. Of course, any suitable fixed and
integral indentation such as dimple 44 or a similar rib 46 may be
used as shown in FIG. 2 and these are merely modifications.
Additionally, as shown in FIG. 3, the frictionally restraining
means may comprise a punched-in portion 48 that can be an actual
cut in the holder. FIG. 3 also shows the brush 34 in its wedged or
solid line position to the right where it is entirely held within
the holder and its extended or released dotted line position to the
left where it is against commutator 14 in operation.
In all these modifications it is essential that means be provided
for releasing the wedged or jammed brush once the assembly is in
position. To this end the holder is provided with an access opening
means which, in the closed end surface 40 modification of tubular
holder shown, may comprise a convenient central aperture 50 through
which any suitable pointed tool may be inserted through the opening
and inner spring to free or release the brush 34 by a slight push
on its center to snap it into its dotted line operating position of
FIG. 3.
Referring next to FIG. 5, a modification that is substantially the
reversal of those previously described is shown. In this
modification the tubular holder 22 may have a fixed integral
portion 52 extending inwardly a suitable distance for wedging over
a portion of the holder. To cooperate with this portion, brush 54
may have a raised rib 56 that extends toward the tubular holder 22
and may ride in a suitable track 58. The track may be omitted if
the extending rib 56 is circumferentially spaced around the brush
54 or plural portions 52 are used as will be apparent. Again, the
wedging or frictionally restraining means is released by a suitable
tool through aperture 50.
It will be apparent that the punched-in or restraining portions may
be provided as an integral part of either the holder or the brush
or both, the preferred embodiment being on the holder because of
ease of formation and cost. Thus, the frictional restraint must be
formed by a wedging or jamming action between the members
regardless of how it is obtained. The distance of the punched-in
portion is substantially equal to the clearance between the members
so it depends on the actual parts. Also, the aperture opening means
obviously can be located any place it is desired to gain access to
the wedged brush to free it and several embodiments are shown by
way of example. It will be apparent that the simple expedient of
wedging the brush in the holder eliminates all separate clamps and
parts and provides for an easy preassembly whereby the brush is
firmly held within the holder solely by action between the two for
either manual or machine assembly or subsequent repair without the
usual difficulty of the spring-biased brush tending to drop or hang
out the end of the holder. It is also conveniently snapped free or
released with a slight push to break the wedging action whereby the
brush is then snapped against the commutator for normal
operation.
While there have been shown preferred forms of the invention,
obvious equivalent variations are possible in light of the above
teachings. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope
of the appended claims the invention may be practised, otherwise
than as specifically described, and the claims are intended to
cover such equivalent variations.
* * * * *