U.S. patent number 3,655,967 [Application Number 05/045,484] was granted by the patent office on 1972-04-11 for x-ray diagnostic device having a patient chair and an x-ray source whose relative orientation is constant.
Invention is credited to Johann Finkenzeller, Artur Schmidt.
United States Patent |
3,655,967 |
Finkenzeller , et
al. |
April 11, 1972 |
X-RAY DIAGNOSTIC DEVICE HAVING A PATIENT CHAIR AND AN X-RAY SOURCE
WHOSE RELATIVE ORIENTATION IS CONSTANT
Abstract
X-ray diagnostic apparatus including a chair for the patient
having a vertical plane of symmetry in which lies the central X-ray
beam. The chair has a headrest which may be adjusted into a fixed
position for the head of the patient and is supported on an arm
extending from the base and in the plane of the base and is spaced
a fixed distance from a column supporting the X-ray emitter. A
horizontal boom arm extends from the column and is carried by a
carrier member extending parallel to the vertical plane of symmetry
of the chair. The boom arm is adjustable along said carrier member
toward and from the chair. The horizontal boom arm is adjustable
about its longitudinal axis. The X-ray emitter is carried in a
protective casing extending perpendicular to the boom and is
positioned to lie in the vertical plane of symmetry of the chair.
The boom and chair are vertically adjustable and the chair is
pivotally movable about a vertical axis extending along the
vertical plane of symmetry of the chair.
Inventors: |
Finkenzeller; Johann
(Tennenlohe, DT), Schmidt; Artur (Erlangen,
DT) |
Family
ID: |
21938151 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/045,484 |
Filed: |
June 11, 1970 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
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666285 |
Sep 8, 1967 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
378/196;
378/178 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61B
6/145 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61B
6/14 (20060101); G03b 041/16 () |
Field of
Search: |
;250/50,65,91,92 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Lawrence; James W.
Assistant Examiner: Church; C. E.
Parent Case Text
This application is a continuation-in-part of our application Ser.
No. 666,285, filed Sept. 8, 1967 now abandoned.
Claims
We claim as our invention:
1. An X-ray diagnostic device adapted for positioning a patient in
a predetermined position relative to the X-ray emitter, for
X-raying a patient by insertion of an X-ray anode into a body
cavity comprising,
a base having a top surface portion lying in a horizontal
plane,
a chair for the patient having a vertical plane of symmetry
extending perpendicularly to said base and having a fixedly
attached headrest for the head of a patient, positioning the heat
of the patient along the vertical plane of symmetry of the
chair,
a vertical column extending upwardly from said base in parallel
spaced relation relative to said chair,
an upper horizontal boom fixedly attached to said column and
extending from said column in parallel relation with respect to the
horizontal plane of said base,
a housing on the end of said boom mounted for adjustable movement
about an axis coaxial with the axis of said boom and perpendicular
to the plane of symmetry of the chair,
an X-ray emitter including a high-voltage source, carried by said
housing, and
said housing including a protective casing extending at right
angles to said boom and said X-ray emitter being carried in said
protective casing having an anode extending from said casing having
a longitudinal axis lying in the vertical plane of symmetry of said
chair, and
means for altering the distance between said anode and said chair
without altering the location of said anode from said vertical
plane of symmetry of said chair.
2. An X-ray diagnostic device in accordance with claim 1,
wherein the means for altering the distance between the anode and
the chair includes a horizontal carrier mounted on said column and
extending parallel to the vertical plane of symmetry of said chair
and being horizontally adjustably movable along a plane parallel to
the plane of symmetry of the chair and having said boom fixedly
attached thereto and extending perpendicularly thereto for movement
therewith toward and from the chair.
3. An X-ray diagnostic device in accordance with claim 2,
wherein the means for altering the distance between the anode and
the chair also includes means for adjusting the height of said
vertical column, means mounting said anode for movement about the
axis of said boom, and means holding said anode in a selected
position of adjustment.
4. An X-ray diagnostic device in accordance with claim 1,
wherein the protective casing containing the X-ray emitter has a
portion containing the high-voltage source and forming an axially
aligned extension of said boom, and another portion extending in
the plane of symmetry of the chair and containing the anode and
positioning the anode in the plane of symmetry of the chair.
5. An X-ray diagnostic device in accordance with claim 2,
wherein the means for altering the distance between the anode and
the chair includes a horizontal carrier disposed on said column
adjacent the top thereof and extending parallel to said vertical
plane of symmetry of the chair, and adjustably movable with respect
to said column in a horizontal direction parallel to said plane of
symmetry of said chair and toward and from said chair,
wherein said boom is rigidly connected to said carrier and extends
at right angles thereto,
wherein the housing is a T-shaped casing having a leg portion
carried by said boom for adjustable movement about the longitudinal
axis of said boom, and
having a cross portion extending perpendicular to said leg portion
having said anode extending from one end thereof and means at the
opposite end thereof for adjustably moving said anode about the
longitudinal axis of said boom.
6. An X-ray diagnostic device in accordance with claim 2,
wherein the housing is of T-shaped configuration and includes a leg
portion forming an extension of the boom and rotatable about the
axis of the boom and a cross portion extending perpendicularly to
said leg portion and having an axis extending along the plane of
symmetry of the chair,
wherein a high-voltage transformer is carried in said leg portion,
and
wherein an X-ray tube and anode are carried in said cross
portion.
7. An X-ray diagnostic device in accordance with claim 6,
wherein the anode extends from one end of said cross portion along
the plane of symmetry of the chair,
wherein a handle is at the opposite end of said cross portion, and
manual release means are mounted on said cross portion in access to
a hand placed on the handle, to release said housing for adjustment
about the axis of said boom, and to hold said housing in
position.
8. The X-ray diagnostic device of claim 7,
wherein a magnetic brake is provided to hold said housing and anode
in a selected position of adjustment, and
wherein the manual release means includes a push button in close
proximity to said handle.
9. The X-ray diagnostic device in accordance with claim 8,
wherein a casing is mounted on said base and extends upwardly along
said vertical column, and wherein a counterbalance device and
controls for controlling low-voltage and current supplied to said
transformer are contained in said casing.
Description
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
In X-raying the mouth, it is common practice to introduce small
X-ray film in the mouth and to arrange the X-ray tube in such a way
that the X-rays pass through the teeth to be radiographed, and
reproduce the teeth on the X-ray film. With such methods, the
exposure of the whole set of teeth must be carried successively in
individual sections. This is both time consuming and subjects the
patient to an unnecessarily high radiation burden, and because the
film is situated in the mouth between the palate and cheek, the
film is not visible, with the result that the X-raying can only be
imprecisely carried out.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,798,958 and 3,045,118 disclose apparatus for
producing full-mouth dental diographs in which the X-ray tube and
the X-ray film are supported on a common rotatable carrying arm, so
they can be moved about the patient situated in the beam path. The
disadvantages of such apparatus are that they require a complicated
and bulky apparatus and it is difficult to retain the patient in
position to attain an accurate radiograph of the teeth. Moreover,
because of the great mass of the apparatus, considerable physical
strength of power aids are required for adjusting the apparatus,
and there is always the liability of movement of the X-ray tube and
film with respect to the patient caused by vibrations, which lead
to fuzziness of the picture.
The present invention remedies the disadvantages heretofore present
in X-ray apparatus for X-raying the teeth, by providing two
laterally spaced columns extending upwardly of a base in parallel
relation with respect to each other, placing a chair for the
patient along the vertical axis of one column, placing a support
column for the X-ray emitter on the other column and extending
parallel to the axis of the chair, with a boom extending from the
support column and carrying an X-ray emitter on its end, the axis
of which is perpendicular to the axis of the boom and emits X-rays
in the vertical plane of symmetry of the chair.
A principal object of the present invention, therefore, is to
remedy the deficiencies heretofore present in apparatus for
X-raying the mouth, accommodating the patient to rest in a chair
and to be positioned at a position fixable by the head support
extending from the chair, in which the X-ray tube and film laid
around the mouth of the patient are at rest, to avoid the fuzziness
of the image heretofore caused by vibration and movement of the
head of the patient.
A further object of the invention is to provide a unitary form of
X-ray apparatus and chair of an efficient, simple and compact
construction and easy to transport from place to place.
A further object of the invention is to provide a novel and simple
form of X-ray apparatus minimizing the amount of adjustment between
the patient and the X-ray emitter, by so arranging the emitter that
the X-rays are emitted in a vertical plane of symmetry of the
chair.
Still another object of the invention is to provide a novel and
improved X-ray apparatus reducing the amount of adjustment
heretofore required with such apparatus, and enabling full-mouth
dental diographs to be obtained, with a material reduction in
radiation burden on the patient over previous mouth X-ray
apparatus.
Still another object of the invention is to improve upon the X-ray
apparatus heretofore in use by reducing adjustable movement of the
X-ray tube to a minimum, by arranging the high-voltage generator
along the axis of adjustment of the boom supporting the X-ray
emitter and arranging the X-ray emitter along the plane of symmetry
of the chair.
A still further object of the invention is to provide a simplified
form of X-ray emitter for full dental X-raying of the teeth, in
which horizontal swinging movement of the X-ray emitter is
eliminated, by arranging the emitter to emit X-rays along the
vertical plane of symmetry of the chair for the patient and thereby
enabling adjustment to be carried out with one hand.
It is still another object of the invention to provide an X-ray
apparatus so constructed and arranged as to make it possible for
the operator to quickly bring the X-ray tube into the exact
position desired relative to the object to be X-rayed, by the use
of one hand.
Still another object of the invention is to simplify the adjustment
required for full-mouth X-raying of the teeth, by simplifying the
support and adjustment mechanism for the X-ray emitter, to enable
adjustment to be attained by the use of one hand and improving the
positioning between the tube and the object to be X-rayed, thereby
enabling the total X-ray dosage and scattering to be reduced and
minimizing the shielding required.
Other objects, features and advantages of the invention will be
readily apparent from the following description of a preferred
embodiment thereof, taken in conjunction with the accompanying
drawings, although variations and modifications may be effected
without departing from the spirit and scope of the novel concepts
of the disclosure.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is an isometric view of the X-ray diagnostic device of the
present invention; and
FIG. 2 is a horizontal sectional view taken through the X-ray tube
housing and support member therefor.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
In FIG. 1 of the drawings, I have diagrammatically shown a base 1
having a vertical column 2 extending upwardly therefrom. The column
2 is vertically adjustable by suitable adjusting means, designated
generally by reference numeral 26. The column and base are suitably
counterbalanced by counterbalancing means of a known construction
(not shown) enclosed in a protective housing 15, which also
encloses the low-voltage components of the X-ray generators. A knob
16 is provided on top of the housing to manually adjust the current
in a conventional manner. A timer 17, electrically coupled with the
X-ray generator is also shown as detachably supported on an end
wall of the housing.
Adjacent the top of the column 2 is a horizontally extending
carrier 3 suitably mounted on said column for vertical adjustment
therewith and for adjustable movement with respect thereto along an
axis perpendicular to the vertical axis of the column. Horizontal
adjustment of the carrier 3 is achieved by a conventional
adjustment means 25, which may be of any well-known form, so need
not herein be shown or described further. Rigidly mounted on the
carrier 3 and extending at right angles with respect thereto is a
boom 4, which carries a housing for the unitary X-ray generator
structure. The housing for the unitary generator structure is of a
generally T-shape configuration and includes a leg portion 5
forming an extension of the boom 4 and rotatably mounted on said
boom on suitable bearings for adjustment about the longitudinal
axis thereof. A magnetic brake 23 of a conventional form is
provided to hold the housing in position about the axis of the boom
4. The leg portion 5 of the housing carries a transversely
extending foot or cross portion 6 at its outer end, and extending
generally perpendicular thereto and mounted for adjustable movement
in a vertical plane about the axis of the boom 4, and in the plane
of symmetry of a chair 9.
The cross portion 6 of the housing carries an X-ray tube 21
adjacent one end thereof, and an oil reservoir 22 adjacent the
opposite end thereof (FIG. 2). An anode 12 extends from the tube 21
in axial alignment with the longitudinal axis of the cross portion
6 and along the vertical plane of symmetry of the chair 9, as
indicated by reference character "S" in FIG. 1. A handle 13 is at
the opposite end of the cross portion 6 from the anode, to enable
manual adjustment of said housing and the anode 12 about the axis
of the boom 4 by the use of one hand. A push button 14 is provided
at the top of the cross portion 6, in close proximity to the handle
13, to enable actuation of the push button by the hand grasping the
handle 13. Actuation of the push button 14 will actuate an
electrical switch (not shown) operative to release the magnetic
brake means 23 normally operative to retain the housing 6 and anode
12 in any selected position of adjustment. The operator, therefore,
may simultaneously actuate the switch 14 to release the brake means
and utilize the handle to manually effect adjustment of the anode
12. When the anode 12 is in the proper position of adjustment about
the axis of the boom 4, the push button 14 is released. This will
actuate the brake means 23 to rigidly lock the housing 6 and anode
12 in position about the longitudinal axis of the boom 4.
The T-shaped housing formed by the housing portions 5 and 6 also
carries the X-ray generator, which comprises a high-voltage
transformer 18, a heater transformer 19 and a supplemental
transformer 20 contained within the leg portion 5 of the
housing.
Extending laterally of the base member 1, at right angles with
respect thereto, and rigidly secured thereto, is a base arm 7
forming a mounting at its outer end for a vertically extending
support structure 8 for the chair 9. The chair 9 may be of a
well-known construction and may be pivotally mounted on a column or
support structure 8 for adjustment about a vertical axis,
intersecting the plane of symmetry of the chair 9 and indicated by
dot-dash lines in FIG. 1 and designated by reference character A.
The pivotal adjustment support for the chair is designated
generally by a double-headed arrow 29 on opposite ends of an
arcuate lead line. The chair may also be vertically adjusted by
adjustment means 30 of a conventional construction, which may be
under the control of a foot pedal 10. The chair is also provided
with an adjustable headrest on the top of a post 31 which may be
vertically adjusted under the control of a lever 32. A support 33
for the headrest is transversely pivoted to the post 31 and extends
upwardly therefrom. The support 33 is adjustable about its
transverse axis of pivotal connection to the post and is suitably
held in a fixed position for adjustment. The headrest 11 may
further be adjustable bout the axis of a transverse rod 35 forming
a mounting therefor on the support 33.
It may be seen from the foregoing that a simplified form of X-ray
apparatus has been achieved, in which the X-ray tube and anode have
only a single adjustment which can readily be attained by the use
of one hand with the assurance that the tube and anode are in the
plane of symmetry of the chair 7 as the anode is adjusted into its
required positions.
It may further be seen that with the arrangement of the unitary
generator structure illustrated in FIG. 2, the high-voltage
generator 18 is on the pivotal axis of the X-ray generator housing
which is adjustable about the axis of the boom 4 and is concentric
with this axis, so that the moment of inertia of the entire
structure, and the resultant force necessary to adjust the anode
along the plane of symmetry of the chair, is very small and the
position of the anode 12 can readily be adjusted by the hand, by
grasping the handle 13 and releasing the magnetic brake 23 by
depression of the push button 14, by the same hand grasping the
handle.
It should further be understood that the anode 12 is so positioned
as to be introduced into the mouth by the simple operation of
turning the housing portion or cross 6 about the axis of the boom 4
and since the anode is adjustable along the plane of symmetry of
the chair, no adjustment of the anode toward and from the carrier 3
is required, materially reducing the adjustments and requiring a
minimum amount of skill to operate the X-ray apparatus.
It may further be seen that when the housing 6 and anode 12 is
vertically adjusted relative to the chair, by the adjusting
mechanism 26 or is adjustably moved to and from the chair by the
adjusting mechanism 25, that the anode 12 is always in the plane of
symmetry of the chair, assuring the proper position of the housing
and anode 12 and the placing of the anode 12 into the mouth of the
patient on the chair with little, if any, maneuvering of the
position of the patient, and with a minimum amount of adjustment of
the position of the anode.
* * * * *