U.S. patent number 3,655,939 [Application Number 05/089,882] was granted by the patent office on 1972-04-11 for safety device for multi-pane glass refrigerator doors.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Anthony's Manufacturing Company, Inc.. Invention is credited to Michael E. Stromquist.
United States Patent |
3,655,939 |
Stromquist |
April 11, 1972 |
SAFETY DEVICE FOR MULTI-PANE GLASS REFRIGERATOR DOORS
Abstract
A safety device for a multi-pane electrically heated glass
refrigerator door. The glass unit forms a pressurized chamber. A
pressure sensor and associated circuit breaking means removes
electrical power from the door when damage to the unit causes the
pressure within the chamber to vary.
Inventors: |
Stromquist; Michael E. (Studio
City, CA) |
Assignee: |
Anthony's Manufacturing Company,
Inc. (N/A)
|
Family
ID: |
22220061 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/089,882 |
Filed: |
November 16, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
219/218; 62/248;
219/496; 219/519 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H05B
1/0236 (20130101); H05B 3/84 (20130101); H05B
2203/035 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H05B
3/84 (20060101); H05b 001/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;219/202,203,213,214,218,496,519,522 ;200/84N ;62/248,275 ;49/70
;52/173,616 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Albritton; C. L.
Claims
I claim:
1. In a refrigerated cabinet door adapted to be heated by a source
of electrical energy, the combination comprising:
at least two glass panels;
means for sealing said panels in mutually spaced relationship to
define at least one sealed chamber therebetween, said chamber being
normally maintained at a predetermined pressure different from
atmospheric;
an electrically conductive coating adhered to the interior surface
of one of said panels within said chambers;
means for electrically connecting spaced portions of said coating
to opposite sides of the source of electrical energy;
means responsive to the pressure within said chamber for providing
an output signal when said pressure varies from said predetermined
pressure;
means responsive to said output signal to disconnect said
conductive coating from the source of electrical energy.
2. The combination of claim 1 wherein said means for electrically
connecting said coating to the source of energy comprises:
first and second electrodes adhered to the surface of said
conductively coated panel in spaced relationship.
3. The combination of claim 2 wherein said means for electrically
connecting said coating to the source of electrical energy further
comprises:
a first normally closed relay contact connected between said first
electrode and one side of the source of electrical energy.
4. The combination of claim 3 wherein said means for electrically
connecting said coating to the source of electrical energy further
comprises:
a second normally closed relay contact connected between said
second electrode and the other side of the source of electrical
energy.
5. The combination of claim 3 wherein said means responsive to said
output signal comprises:
a relay contact activator responsive to the receipt of said output
signal to open said relay contact and disconnect said first
electrode from said source of electrical energy.
6. The combination of claim 4 wherein said means responsive to said
output signal comprises:
a relay contact activator responsive to the receipt of said output
signal to open said relay contacts and disconnects said first and
second electrodes from said source of electrical energy.
7. In a multi-pane glass refrigerated cabinet door wherein the
glass panes are joined around their peripheral edges in spaced
relation to form a chamber isolated from the external atmosphere,
and wherein an electrically conductive coating adheres to the
interior surface of one of the glass panes within the isolated
chamber, and wherein at least two electrode means are adapted to
connect spaced portions of said coating to opposite terminals of a
source of electrical energy, a safety device comprising:
means for normally maintaining said chamber at a predetermined
pressure different than atmospheric pressure;
a pressure sensor operatively positioned within said chamber to
sense the pressure therein, said sensor providing an output signal
when the sensed pressure varies from the predetermined pressure
condition; and
means responsive to the receipt of said output signal to disconnect
the electrode means from said source of electrical energy.
8. The glass refrigerated cabinet door defined in claim 7 wherein
the chamber is normally at an elevated pressure with respect to the
external atmosphere, said pressure sensor being responsive to a
reduction in sensed pressure, to provide said output signal.
9. The glass refrigerated cabinet door defined in claim 7 wherein
said chamber is normally at a pressure below the external
atmospheric pressure, said pressure sensor being responsive to an
increase in sensed pressure to provide said output signal.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention.
This invention relates to safety devices and more particularly to
power cut-out safety devices for use in commercial refrigerated
display cabinets having multi-pane glass doors wherein electric
power is applied to a conductive coating positioned on at least one
pane to enable heating of the glass.
2. Description of the Prior Art.
Refrigerated display cabinets are used in food stores to store and
display food products which would spoil at ordinary room
temperatures. To enhance the display characteristics of these
cabinets, the doors are typically made of glass. To maintain the
cold temperature within the cabinet, the glass doors are fabricated
from sealed multi-pane glass units with space being provided
between each pair of glass panes. The space defines a sealed
thermal insulation chamber.
For extreme low temperature operation the surface of one of the
planes within the sealed chamber typically has a thin film of
optically transparent conductive coating material deposited
thereon. The coating is connected to electrical power lines via
metallic conductive strip leads positioned on the glass. The
resultant heating of the glass by the electric current passing
through the conductive coating effectively prevents frosting of the
glass surfaces, thus permitting the displayed foods to be seen
clearly at all times.
Since one or more of the glass panels has electric power applied to
conductive metallic strips contacting the conductive coating
disposed on the inner surface of the glass, should a break occur in
any of the glass panels there is danger of shock or more severe
consequences to anyone coming in contact with the unit. To obviate
this hazard, a means must be provided to remove electric power
should any damage occur affecting the integrity of the glass
unit.
Known safety devices require that the glass panel fractures
sufficiently to cause a break in one of the metallic conductive
strip leads before such devices are activated. These types of
safety devices are generally inadequate to detect potentially
dangerous conditions as where a hairline fracture of one of the
glass panels fails to break a metallic lead.
One of the prior art safety devices utilizes the breaking of the
conductive strip lead on the glass to trip an in-line connected
relay system, thereby opening the relay contacts connected in the
power line. Such a system will fail, as noted above, if a hairline
or other crack in the glass fails to break the conductor strip
which is usually adhesively attached to the glass. Another prior
art safety measure utilizes a bimetallic thermal thermal switch
element with normally open contacts in the power line. The
bimetallic element is heated by current passing through the
conductive glass and then a resistor. When the points are closed a
spring links into the system holding the points closed. The entire
pane of glass must be broken to open the switch. In addition to the
above noted defect of such a system, this approach suffers from the
additional disadvantage that there is an inordinately long time
delay before the bimetallic element is cooled sufficiently to open
its power line contacts. The inherent danger to persons coming in
contact with the conductive glass or the conductors thereon
immediately after the glass breaks is a serious problem with
bimetallic type safety units.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the present invention, the sealed thermal
insulation chamber located between the glass panels is pressurized,
or, in the alternative, evacuated. A pressure sensitive switching
element is positioned within the chamber. The switch is responsive
to a change in the pressure condition of the chamber resulting from
damage to the sealed unit to provide an output signal. This signal
operates a circuit breaker system in line connected with the source
of electrical energy to instantaneously remove electrical power
upon the sensed change in the pressure condition of the
chamber.
If the chamber is initially evacuated, the pressure sensor produces
an output signal when an increase in pressure occurs. If the
chamber is initially pressurized, the pressure sensor produces an
output signal when a decrease in pressure occurs. In either
embodiment, the safety system instantaneously disconnects the power
applied to the door upon the occurrence of a break in any of the
glass panels.
The operation of the present invention will become apparent from
the drawings and specifications which follow in which a preferred
embodiment is shown and described. It should be noted that the
embodiment shown is merely illustrative of a form of the invention
and that the invention is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the
arts appertaining to the invention in the light of teachings herein
may devise other embodiments within the scope of the appended
claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway perspective view of a multi-panel
glass refrigerator door incorporating a pressure sensitive safety
switch system in accordance with the principles of the present
invention.
FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of a suitable exemplary
pressure switch in a first operative position.
FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of the pressure switch of
FIG. 2 in a second operative position.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view as seen through section 4--4 of
FIG. 1.
FIG. 5 is a block diagram and circuit schematic of one embodiment
of a safety system constructed in accordance with the principles of
the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring now to FIG. 1 of the drawings, there is shown generally
at 11 a refrigerator or freezer door constructed in accordance with
the principles of the present invention. The door comprises a frame
18 in which is mounted a multiple pane glass unit 14. As best seen
in FIGS. 1 and 4, the glass unit includes individual glass panes 10
and 12 secured together in spaced relation by metallic separator
strips 16, extending around the peripheral edges of the unit to
form a thermal insulation chamber 16 therebetween. A suitable
adhesive sealant 60, such as polysulfide or other well-known
sealant, is applied to the peripheral portion of the unit to form a
hermetic seal. A rubber mounting strip 38 is preferably positioned
between glass unit 14 and frame 18, as shown.
While the embodiment shown in the drawings is directed to the
so-called two-pane glass-metal type unit, wherein two glass sheets
are secured in space relation by metallic separator strips, the
invention, with minor modifications, could be applied to other
types of well-known two or more pane glass units. For example, in
the mastic type unit, the glass panes are maintained in space
relationship by a separator strip of plastic or similar material
cemented thereto by an adhesive material, whereas, in the all glass
multi-pane units the marginal edge portions of the glass sheets are
heated sufficiently to become pliable and are thereafter urged into
contact with one another to form a sealed edge wall extending
around the unit.
Irrespective of the kind of multi-pane glass unit utilized, in
accordance with the present invention, before being sealed the
thermal insulation chamber 17 is preferably either partially
evacuated to produce an internal pressure lower than atmospheric,
or, alternatively, pressurized to produce an internal pressure
greater than atmospheric.
A transparent electrically-conductive film or coating 15 is adhered
to the inner surface of the pane 10 within the chamber 17. In order
to supply electrical power to the film 15, metallic strip
electrodes 22 and 24 are affixed to pane 10 in contact with the
film. The strip electrodes are preferably positioned adjacent
opposed sides of the film. Electrodes 22 and 24, when connected to
a source of electrical energy, enable current flow through the film
thus heating the film, the glass panes, and the atmosphere within
thermal insulation chamber 14.
As explained above, should one of the glass panes be broken or in
the event of some other damage affecting the integrity of the unit,
there is danger of electrical shock to one coming in contact with
the damaged unit. Known safety devices attempt to obviate this
problem by utilizing the conductive strip electrodes as an integral
portion of the power supply circuit and causing the power supply to
be disconnected in the event of a break in one of the strips. While
such an approach does provide effective protection for many failure
modes experienced by glass units of the type described, there are
other failure modes where the metallic contact strips are not open
circuited and for such failures there would be no disruption in the
applied power.
In accordance with the present invention, a safety mechanism
operational independently of the portion of the circuit by which
power is supplied to the film 15, but, nonetheless, effective to
disconnect the power supply from the unit upon the occurrence of a
defect in the integrity of the unit, is provided.
For this purpose, a pressure sensor 33 is positioned, as shown in
FIG. 1, to operatively sense the pressure condition within chamber
17. Pressure sensor 33 is adapted, as will hereinafter be
described, to provide a suitable output signal to a circuit breaker
30 upon the occurrence of a change in the pressure condition within
chamber 17. Circuit breaker 30 thereafter disconnects the power
source from strip electrodes 22 and 24. Power is thus removed from
the conductive film system, obviating the possibility of shock to a
person coming in contact with the defective glass unit.
Referring now to FIG. 2, detail of a suitable exemplary pressure
sensitive device 33 is illustrated. As shown, chamber 37 of
pressure sensor 33 protrudes through one wall of the metallic
separator strip 16 to communicate with the interior of the thermal
insulation chamber 17 via apertures 34 and 35. A sealant 37
maintains the hermetic integrity of the unit. Within pressure
sensor 33, a weighted electrical contact 40 is positioned in the
central portion of a flexible diaphragm 36. A second electrical
contact 44 is positioned on a non-conductive mounting post 47. Both
contacts have suitable electrical leads 41, 46 connected
thereto.
Assuming that thermal insulation chamber 17 is normally in an
evacuated condition, that is, has a pressure lower than
atmospheric, contact 40 will normally be held spaced from and out
of electrical communication with contact 44 by virtue of the
pressure differential acting upon diaphragm 46. Should the
multi-pane unit 11 become defective, thus having its hermetic
integrity destroyed, the pressure within upper chamber 37 of the
pressure sensor will increase causing contact 40 to come into
electrical contact with lower contact 44.
Referring now to FIG. 5, one suitable system for connecting the
conductively coated glass unit to a supply of electric power in
accordance with the invention is illustrated. As shown, a line from
one side of conventional power source 84 is connected to metallic
strip lead 22 via on-off switch 80 and contact 81A of double pole
relay 81. The other side of power source 84 is connected to contact
strip lead 24 via contact 81B of relay 81. Also connected across
the power source are the two contacts of the pressure sensor 33 in
series with a switch activator 87.
Switch activator 87 may, in the present embodiment, comprise a
solenoid drive for the double pole relay 81. Normally, pressure
sensor 33 acts as an open circuit preventing current from
initiating switch activator 87. However, upon an increase in
pressure in chamber 14, the pressure sensor electrically becomes a
short circuit completing the current path through switch activator
87, thus opening normally closed relay 81. As the contacts 81A and
81B open, the glass unit is effectively disconnected from the power
source.
While the above discussion has been with reference to a thermal
isolation chamber normally below atmospheric pressure, the
invention disclosed herein is obviously capable of operation where
chamber 14 is pressurized above atmospheric pressure with suitable
changes in the structure of pressure detector 33. Further, the
present invention is not limited to the use of any particular kind
of pressure transducer and is obviously capable of being used in
connection with other known pressure transducers. For example,
pressure transducers of the capacitive, resistive, inductive,
semiconductor, electronic, piezoelectric and photoelectric variety
may be utilized with suitable modification of the circuitry
utilized.
* * * * *