U.S. patent number 3,655,192 [Application Number 04/873,844] was granted by the patent office on 1972-04-11 for light ray projector and target.
Invention is credited to Roger L. Hall, Gordon M. McKenney, Jr., Alfred J. Wall.
United States Patent |
3,655,192 |
Hall , et al. |
April 11, 1972 |
LIGHT RAY PROJECTOR AND TARGET
Abstract
A light-emitting target gun and a cooperative target corner
reflector. The gun and target accurately simulates target practice
with live ammunition and is adaptable for amusement use. The target
gun has a light projector housed in the gun barrel which can be
momentarily activated by pulling the trigger of the gun. The light
source is illuminated at a first light level and thereafter at a
second level lower than the first level. The diameter of the light
beam projected from the gun can be adjusted by moving a selected
size hole of a multi-hole plate into a lens system within the
barrel. The target reflector is located at a fixed distance from
the operator of the weapon and is adapted to reflect the impinging
light pulse. An improved circuit and light projector are also
provided to cause, respectively, activation of the light source and
provide an efficient, accurately defined light beam.
Inventors: |
Hall; Roger L. (Londonderry,
NH), McKenney, Jr.; Gordon M. (Londonderry, NH), Wall;
Alfred J. (Londonderry, NH) |
Family
ID: |
25362440 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/873,844 |
Filed: |
November 4, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
463/51; 362/111;
463/50; 200/34 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F41G
3/2683 (20130101); F41A 33/02 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F41G
3/26 (20060101); F41A 33/02 (20060101); F41G
3/00 (20060101); F41A 33/00 (20060101); A63f
009/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;273/101.1 ;240/6.41
;200/34 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Other References
General Electric SCR Manual 4th Edition 1967 P. 299.
|
Primary Examiner: Pinkham; Richard C.
Assistant Examiner: Siskind; Marvin
Claims
We claim:
1. A target practice apparatus comprising;
a gun-type housing including a barrel section,
a light source disposed in said housing near an end of said barrel
section,
a lens arrangement disposed inside said barrel section for
confining the light from the light source to a beam,
circuit means including energy storage means associated with the
light source,
a trigger switch operatively coupled to said energy storage means
and said light source and adapted, when actuated, to cause
illumination of said light source,
said circuit means also comprising photo-electric sensing means
disposed adjacent said light source for receiving light directly
therefrom and current shunting means,
said current shunting means being coupled across said light source
and coupled to said photo-electric sensing means,
whereby upon actuation of said trigger switch said light source is
illuminated at a first light level and thereafter said
photo-electric sensing means conducts causing said current shunting
means to conduct and thereby shunt current away from said light
source which in turn causes said light source to be illuminated at
a second light level lower than the first light level,
and reflector means remote from said light source for reflecting
said light beam substantially only in a direction parallel to the
direction of said beam back toward said housing.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said current shunting means
includes a gate-controlled semiconductor means having its control
gate coupled to said photo-electric sensing means.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein said circuit means includes a
first resistive means and said gate-controlled semiconductor means
includes a silicon controlled rectifier having said first resistive
means coupled in series therewith.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein said circuit means includes a
second resistive means coupled between the gate electrode of said
silicon controlled rectifier and said photo-electric sensing
means.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein said circuit means includes a
third resistive means coupled in series with said photo-electric
sensing means.
6. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein said first resistive means
includes a variable resistor to adjust said second light level.
7. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein said photo-electric sensing
means includes a photo-diode.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 including a separate switch means
coupled to said light source actuated to illuminate the light
source for a predetermined interval at the first light level which
interval is longer than the time period that the light source is
illuminated at the first light level by actuation of said trigger
switch.
9. A target practice gun having a barrel and trigger and
comprising;
a light source disposed in said gun near one end of said
barrel,
a lens arrangement disposed inside said barrel for confining the
light from the light source to a beam,
energy storage means associated with the light source,
said trigger having a trigger switch associated therewith and
operatively coupled to said energy storage means and said light
source and adapted, when actuated, to cause illumination of said
light source,
said lens arrangement comprising first and second lenses spaced
along said barrel and a disc having a centrally located aperture
therein,
said light source being substantially disposed at the focal point
of said first lens and the aperture of said disc being disposed at
the focal point of said second lens,
means disposed adjacent said disc for varying the width of said
beam including a plate having a plurality of different diameter
holes disposed therein and means located external of said barrel
for moving the plate with reference to the disc to enable different
diameter holes to align with said aperture,
and reflector means remote from said light source for reflecting
said light beam substantially only in a direction parallel to the
direction of said beam back toward said gun.
10. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein said lens arrangement includes
a third lens located at the other end of said barrel, said first
and second lenses being convex lenses and said third lens being a
positive meniscus lens.
11. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein said first and second lenses
are high speed lenses and said third lens is a medium speed
lens.
12. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein said third lens has a focal
point coincident with the location of the aperture in said
disc.
13. The apparatus of claim 12 wherein the focal length of said
third lens is much greater, on an order of magnitude of at least 10
to one, than the diameter of said disc aperture.
14. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein said plate has its holes in
line and said gun has a slit in a bottom of its barrel for
receiving said plate which is moveable in a generally vertical
direction to vary the beam diameter.
15. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein said disc has at least two
grooves and said plate has a series of dimples for mating with said
grooves to fix said plate relative to said disc in one of a number
of different positions.
Description
SUBJECT MATTER OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a target practice device, and in
particular to a light-emitting gun and target.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Conventional target guns used for police, military, or amusement
target practice are dangerous and consume expensive ammunition.
Further, the results can be evaluated only by manual, time
consuming means.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is a prime object of the present invention to provide a target
practice gun.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a target
practice system wherein a plurality of practice guns can be used
with one target.
It is also an object of the present invention to provide an
improved target practice device that is safe to use and does not
require the use of ammunition, but nonetheless realistically
simulates live ammunition target practice.
Another object of the present invention is to provide improved
light projecting means for a light-emitting target practice
device.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide means
for easily and quickly adjusting sights of a light-emitting target
gun.
These and other objects are satisfied with the apparatus embodying
the present invention wherein a target gun has a light projecting
means housed in the gun barrel. These means can be momentarily
activated by pulling the trigger of the gun. A target reflector,
preferably of the multiple corner reflector type, is located a
fixed distance from the operator of the weapon and is adapted to
reflect the impinging light pulse. Improved circuit means and light
projecting means are also provided to cause, respectively,
activation of the light source and provide an efficient, accurately
defined light beam.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
Reference is directed to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a side view of a target gun according to the present
invention showing the tubular barrel in cross section.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the circuit
means of the present invention.
FIG. 3 shows a variable aperture slide.
FIG. 4 shows a part of the reflector means of FIG. 1 as seen by the
operator of the weapon.
FIG. 5 is a electro-mechanical embodiment of the target gun.
FIG. 6 shows a target system for use with a target reflector.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
FIG. 1 shows one embodiment of target gun 10 including barrel
section 11 in cross section. Target gun 10 also includes a handle
40, trigger 35, and hammer 42, as shown. One embodiment of the
circuit means adapted for use with the target weapon of FIG. 1 and
usually contained in handle 40 is shown in FIG. 2.
The barrel section 11 has housed therein a lamp 24 which actually
forms a part of the circuit means of FIG. 2. One suitable lamp is a
standard tungsten flashlight bulb. Photo diode 26 is located
adjacent to lamp 24 within barrel section 11. Diode 26 is adapted
to sense the light from lamp 24 and trigger an indication to the
circuit means. Lenses 16 and 18 are also aligned in barrel section
11 with lamp 24. Both of these lenses are high speed, f/0.8 double
convex condensing lenses, in the particular embodiment of FIG. 1.
Disc 22, having an aperture centrally located therein, is located
within barrel section 11. Lamp 24 and disc 22 are located at the
focal point of lenses 16 and 18, respectively. A third lens 20,
located at the end of barrel section 11, is a medium speed f/8
positive meniscus lens.
The light pulse emitted by lamp 24 when trigger 35 is depressed
impinges upon lenses 16 and 18. These high speed lenses from a real
image of the source at the aperture and are adapted to collect as
much light as possible from the source in the short optical path
length. The aperture in the disc 22 then becomes the effective
source for lens 20. Lens 20, which usually has a long focal length,
directs the light rays 21 toward reflector 12. The diameter of the
light beam (spot) that is reflected from reflector 12 is a function
of the focal length of lens 20 (length f) and also the diameter (b)
of the aperture in disc 22. In order to simulate the size of a
bullet, the length f should be much greater than the diameter b.
This ratio of b/f can be adjusted by providing for an adjustable
aperture slide 22A, as shown in FIG. 3. This slide 22A is designed
to fit in grooves 22C of disc 22. Grooves 22C have a series of
recesses that mate with dimples 22B of slides 22A, allowing for the
different size holes in slide 22A to be slid over the hole in disc
22 to cause varying aperture sizes. Such can be accomplished by the
operator of the gun. For rifle applications, the distance f can be
made quite long thereby providing a well defined light reflection
of bullet size.
The light that is emitted by target gun 10 is for the most part
reflected back towards the operator of the target weapon by using a
multi-cube corner reflector 12, as shown in FIG. 1, thereby
enabling the operator to determine if he has hit the reflector 12.
One reflector used was circular in shape. A part of the reflector
is shown in FIG. 4 and includes a myriad of small corner reflectors
12A, each approximately a sixteenth inch in overall dimension and
abutting each other. These reflectors may provide polished or
highly reflective surfaces intersecting at angles in the order of
90.degree.. Conventional bicycle reflectors may be used.
Referring to FIG. 2, there is shown a circuit means for use with
the target weapon 10. The circuit means can be adapted to provide
both pulsed and continuous light. The DC battery 38 is housed in
the handle 40 of FIG. 1, as is the remainder of the circuitry in
FIG. 2. The trigger switch 34 is mechanically coupled to trigger 35
in a conventional manner to allow switch 34 to close when trigger
35 is depressed. The resistors 30 and 32 connect between the gate
electrode 28A of silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) 28 and one side
of trigger switch 34. The other side of trigger switch 34 couples
to the negative terminal of battery 38. Lamp 24 couples across SCR
28 and resistor 29, which can be variable, while photo diode 26
connects from one side of resistor 32 to the positive terminal of
battery 38 and resistor 29.
In operation, when switch 34 is closed, the potential of battery 38
is applied across lamp 24. This causes a bright flash of light for
a fixed interval. The interval is determined by the time that it
takes photo diode 26 to detect the light from lamp 24 and, in turn,
cause the conduction of SCR 28. When photo diode 26 conducts, gate
electrode 28A goes positive and SCR 28 is turned on rapidly. The
current that was delivered to lamp 24 is now shunted by SCR 28 and
resistor 29, which is relatively small in size.
The same operational sequence can be used for adjusting the sights
on the gun. Here, the trigger 35 is kept depressed. When the SCR 28
conducts, resistor 29 has been adjusted so that the resistance of
resistor 29 and conducting SCR 28 is comparable to that of lamp 24.
Lamp 24, therefore, assumes a second, continuous light level, less
bright than the pulse level. The light may then be directed on
target and maintained there. A full light level may also be caused
by closing switch 35A, thereby connecting the battery across the
lamp 24. Switch 35A can be suitably mounted in the gun apparatus.
For example, a safety switch could be used.
FIG. 5 shows an electro-mechanical embodiment of the light gun 10.
In FIG. 5, reference numerals, similar to those used in FIG. 1, are
employed. Instead of the circuit means of FIG. 2, there is shown a
dashpot arrangement that provides momentary switch contact.
The optical system may be similar to that shown in FIG. 1. The
weapon generally includes handle 40, trigger 35, barrel 11 and
hammer 42. The dashpot 46 is fixed at the lower end in handle 40
and the stem 51 is freely movable to an extended position by means
of pin 53 on hammer 42. The hammer is shown in a cocked position
with the dashpot 46 in its extended position and trigger assembly
35A retaining the hammer 42 in this cocked position. Dashpot 46
includes cylinder housing 48, which has piston 50 contained
therein. Spring 52 surrounds piston 50 between one end of cylinder
48 and ridge 51A on piston 50 and forces the piston to travel at a
fixed speed as the air is forced from chamber 55 through air
bleeder outlet 54. A contact 60 is contained on piston 50 and a
second contact 56 is attached to cylinder 48. Fixed contact 56 has
a leaf 58 protruding therefrom that slides along moving contact 60
when the dashpot 46 is released from its restrained position.
When the operator of the gun depresses trigger 35, switch 61 closes
and with the dashpot 46 in the extended position, a closed circuit
occurs from battery 38 to lamp 24, thereby illuminating lamp 24. At
the time that trigger 35 is depressed, trigger assembly 35A rotates
about pin 35C to a position wherein end 35B disengages with hammer
42. A spring (not shown) returns hammer 42 to an uncocked position
and at the same time pin 53 of hammer 42 disengages with dashpot
stem 51 and allows the piston 50 to fall under the force of spring
52. Leaf 58 disengages from contact 60 after a predetermined time
interval. By varying the size of the contact 60 or the tension of
spring 52, it is possible to adjust the time of contact of leaf 58
to contact 60. This is the time that the lamp should be
illuminated.
One feature of the electro-mechanical embodiment is that the
trigger switch 61 depression time is independent of the
illumination time. Thus, if the switch 61 is held depressed, the
circuit is still opened by the sliding switch arrangement in the
dashpot. Also, to recock the weapon one only has to pull down on
the hammer 42; and the stem 51 of dashpot 46 is pulled to its
restrained position by pin 53.
Another feature of this arrangement is that steady-state operation
is easily provided by depressing trigger 35 while holding hammer 42
cocked. This can be accomplished by using the thumb and forefinger.
For that mode of operation both switches remain closed.
In FIG. 6 there is shown a plan view of a target gun system
employing more than one target gun. With the use of a large array
of small corner reflectors 12A, it is possible for a plurality of
target guns to direct light rays 21 towards the reflector and
receive the rays therefrom. This can also be accomplished without
any interference from one gun to the next because the reflections
from one gun cannot be seen by an operator of a second gun.
A larger lens 20 can be used for application with amusement devices
and other toys. For example, lens 16 could be a high speed f/0.8
double convex lens; while lenses 18 and 20 could be respectively,
medium speed f/4 double convex and positive meniscus lenses.
In one form of the invention a reflective target can be constructed
of rather small cubic reflectors that can be fabricated in the form
of a vest, gun belt, holster, etc. It is contemplated that all
operators of the weapon would wear this target reflective material
as part of their attire. In this way other operators could
determine whether their aim was accurate.
For military applications, the concepts of the present invention
can be used with a laser as a light source. Artillery, airborne
weapons and guns on ships could make use of this technique for
target practice. Variables such as range and windage may be present
in the device so that proper firing techniques are simulated. This
is especially attractive in an airborne application where a
reflective target can be mounted on the fuselage of the aircraft.
When a direct hit occurs, the return energy can easily be viewed by
the pilot.
For police applications the firing range can be provided with a
corner reflector having bullseyes. The operator sights his weapon
by holding the light on steady. After it is aligned, the pulsed
light is used to simulate actual firing. In one embodiment a
weight-spring arrangement is used to simulate the "kick" of the
weapon. In another embodiment, photodetectors can be used for
automatic target scoring, readout and visual or audible alarms.
Another feature of the invention is that the apparatus is readily
adaptable to existing hand guns, rifles and other types of
firearms.
Having now described the invention, certain modifications and
variations of the embodiments disclosed herein can be made all of
which are contemplated as falling within the spirit and scope of
the present invention, as set forth in the appended claims.
* * * * *