U.S. patent number 3,654,454 [Application Number 04/846,765] was granted by the patent office on 1972-04-04 for lighting device.
Invention is credited to Bobby G. Olesen.
United States Patent |
3,654,454 |
Olesen |
April 4, 1972 |
LIGHTING DEVICE
Abstract
A lighting unit includes a light source and a curved reflector.
The lighting unit provides a rectangular light pattern which
illuminates a predetermined area with the direct light from the
light source and the reflected light from the reflector.
Inventors: |
Olesen; Bobby G. (Santa Ana,
CA) |
Family
ID: |
25298885 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/846,765 |
Filed: |
August 1, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
362/19 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F21V
7/04 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F21V
7/04 (20060101); F21V 7/00 (20060101); F21v
007/08 () |
Field of
Search: |
;240/4,6,72,41.35E,13B,104 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Prince; Louis R.
Assistant Examiner: Henry, II; William A.
Claims
I claim:
1. A lighting device to provide a rectangular light pattern
comprising:
a lamp having a bulb with a filament therein;
means to electrically connect said lamp to a suitable power
source;
an elliptic channel reflector having a focal point and an
aperture;
a lamp housing, said lamp and said reflector being positioned
within said housing, said housing being provided with a rectangular
opening defining the light pattern formed by direct light emanating
from said lamp;
said elliptic reflector having geometric characteristics which are
such that the light reflected from said reflector falls within the
light pattern formed by the direct light and more reflected light
is directed toward the ends of the light pattern than toward the
middle thereof;
said filament being positioned between said focal point and said
aperture such that the amount of reflected light directed toward
the ends of the light pattern will be increased whereby the
rectangular light pattern made up of combined direct light and
reflected light will be generally uniform and of an area which is
relatively large with respect to said aperture.
2. The device of claim 1 wherein means are provided to maintain
said lamp housing in close proximity to the area to be
illuminated.
3. The device of claim 2 wherein a transformer is included to
regulate the power from the power source connected to said light
source.
4. The device of claim 3 wherein said means to maintain said lamp
housing in close proximity to the illuminated area are adjustable
and said means comprises a flexible arm connecting said lamp
housing and said transformer.
5. The device of claim 1 wherein said lamp housing includes upper
and lower walls to enclose the ends of said elliptic channel; and
said filament is positioned on the major axis of the elliptic
reflector equidistant between said upper and lower walls.
6. The device of claim 5 wherein the filament of said lamp is
substantially perpendicular to said upper and lower walls.
7. The device of claim 1 wherein the means are provided to mount
the light unit.
8. The device of claim 1 wherein the tip of said bulb is treated to
reduce the direct light emanating therefrom.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Lighting units with reflectors have been used previously to provide
various light patterns. A light pattern defines the shape of the
area illuminated by the light emanating from the lighting unit;
this light is a combination of light direct from the light source
and light reflected from the reflector.
Reflectors increase the intensity of the light being directed from
the lighting unit and curved reflectors act to control the
direction of the reflected light rays and distribute the reflected
light within the light pattern. The distribution of the reflected
light within the light pattern depends on the geometric
characteristics of the curved reflector and the positioning of the
light source relative to the reflector.
In the past it has been common to direct the reflected light rays
parallel from the reflective surface of the reflector or radially
inward from the reflective surface. When the reflected light rays
are parallel, the area within the light pattern in which direct
light and reflected light are combined is substantially limited to
the aperture of the reflector. When the light rays are reflected
radially inward, the area within the light pattern of combined
direct light and reflected light is smaller than the reflector
aperture and decreases as the light unit is moved closer to the
area to be illuminated. Moreover, since the intensity of the direct
light is normally greater near the center of the light pattern
because the edges of the light pattern are farther from the light
source, when the reflected light rays are directed parallel or
radially inward the intensity of the combined light will also be
non-uniform and greater at the center of the light pattern.
In the present invention, it is desirable that the intensity of the
light throughout the light pattern be substantially uniform. It is
also desirable that the aperture of the reflector be relatively
small with respect to the area of the light pattern provided when
the lighting unit is maintained in close proximity to the area to
be illuminated. A further characteristic of this invention which is
again desirable is that the light pattern provided be
rectangular.
A lighting unit with the above characteristics has been found to be
particularly useful in the illumination of music sheets when they
are placed on a music rest such as those found on a piano or organ.
Moreover, the close proximity of the light to the music sheet and
the defined rectangular light pattern produced minimizes any stray
light not falling on the area to be illuminated which might
interfere with the work of the player or other players or detract
from an audience's enjoyment of the music. Also, the relatively
small size of the reflector aperture with respect to the light
pattern produced provides for a small lighting unit which will not
interfere with the audience's visibility of the player or obstruct
the player's view of the music or of a conductor. Furthermore,
because the overall size of the lighting unit is relatively small,
it can be mounted on the music rest rather than on the body of the
instrument to provide a more versatile and adaptable unit.
To accomplish this, the present lighting unit includes a reflector
and a light source. The reflector and the light source are housed
within a lamp housing which has a rectangular opening or aperture
which causes the direct light from the light source to be
maintained within a rectangular area. The reflector has a curved
reflective surface which defines a portion of an elliptic cylinder
or elliptic channel. Such a curved reflective surface maintains the
reflected light generally within the rectangular area formed by the
direct light and the area formed is large relative to the aperture
of the reflector. The geometric characteristics of the surface also
are such that more of the reflected light is distributed toward the
ends of the rectangular area than toward the middle of the
rectangular area. The light source is positioned along the major
axis of the elliptic curve in such a manner to increase the amount
of reflected light distributed toward the ends. Thus, the intensity
of the reflected light is greater at the ends of the rectangular
area and the intensity of the direct light is greater at the middle
of the rectangular area to provide a combined light of
substantially uniform intensity throughout the rectangular
area.
The lamp housing is connected to a transformer by a flexible arm or
conduit to allow for adjustment of the distance between the
aperture of the reflector and the area to be illuminated. A clip
member connected to the transformer releasably secures the lighting
unit to a music rest or the like.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating the lighting unit mounted
on the music rest of a piano.
FIG. 2 is a side elevation of the lighting unit secured to a music
rest.
FIG. 3 is a front view of the lamp housing.
FIG. 4 is a top view of the lamp housing in section.
FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic view of the curve of the reflective
surface and the light source illustrating the reflection of the
light rays from the reflective surface.
As best seen in Figure 2, the lighting unit, generally designated
10, includes a conventional transformer which is housed within a
transformer housing 11. An electrical power cord 12 connects the
transformer to a suitable power source, not shown, and a
conventional switch (not shown) connected to power cord 12 at a
convenient location actuates the lighting unit. The transformer
allows the voltage provided from the power source to be adjusted. A
flexible clip member 14 secured at one end to the transformer
housing 11 mounts the lighting unit 10 to a sheet rest 21 or the
like positioned between the clip member 14 and the transformer
housing 11. A flexible conduit or arm 15 connects the transformer
housing 16. Mounted within the lamp housing 16 is a lamp 17 and a
curved reflector 18. The lamp 17 is mounted within a socket 19
which is positioned at the vertex of the curved reflector 18.
Electrical conductors carried within the flexible conduit or arm 15
electrically connect the transformer and the lamp 17. The lamp
housing 16 is provided with a rectangular opening or aperture 20
which defines the light pattern formed by the light emanating
directly from the lamp 17.
Referring to Figure 5, the curved reflector 18 necessary to provide
a light pattern which is large relative to the aperture of the
reflector, includes a curved reflective surface 22 which defines a
portion of an elliptic cylinder or an elliptic channel. The
elliptic curve 22 includes a major axis 24, a vertex 25 and a focal
point 26.
The aperture of the reflector 18, generally designated 28,
coincides with the opening or aperture 20 of the lamp housing 16
and is a plane defined by the two parallel ends 29 and 30 of the
reflective surface 22, the imaginary line connecting the upper
corners 31 and 32 of the ends 29 and 30, respectively, and the
imaginary line connecting the lower corners 33 and 34 of the ends
29 and 30, respectively. Upper and lower walls, 35 and 36, which
cover the ends of the elliptic channel are formed by the lamp
housing 16.
The lamp 17 includes a light source of filament 37 and a glass bulb
38. Preferably, the end of the glass bulb 38 is frosted to provide
a light pattern of more uniform intensity by decreasing the direct
light radiated outwardly along the axis 24, i.e., decreasing the
light intensity in the center of the radiation pattern. In order to
increase the amount of light directed toward the lengthwise edges
of the rectangular light pattern, the filament or light source 37
is positioned on the major axis of the curve 23 beyond the focal
point 26 and between the focal point 26 and the aperture 28.
Preferably, the filament or light source 37 is positioned
perpendicular to the upper and lower surfaces 35 and 36 and is as
small as possible in proportion to the size of the reflector so as
to improve light control of the lighting unit and reduce stray
light as well as improving the efficiency of the lighting unit.
An example of one embodiment particularly desirable for
illuminating piano sheet music includes a No. 1855 lamp. This lamp
has a desirable filament size and is rated at 6.3 volts, 0.8 amps,
has a 3,000 hour lamp life and provides approximately 3.6 candle
power. Since 3.6 candle power is normally inadequate, the applied
voltage is increased by the transformer to approximately 8 volts
which provides approximately 8.0 candle power and an average lamp
life expectancy of approximately 150 hours. The dimensions of the
elliptical reflector may be varied, to provide various rectangular
light patterns. However, a reflector when using the No. 1855 lamp
which is acceptable, is one approximately 1.125 inches in depth, 2
inches in width and 0.625 inches in thickness. While the exact
reflector dimensions are not critical, the reflector configuration
and proportions should be maintained proportionally to the lamp
filament size. In this embodiment, the light spread between the
ends 29 and 30 of the reflective surface is 138.degree. and the
light spread between the front edges of the walls 35 and 36 is
90.degree. .
In operation the lighting unit 10 is mounted to a sheet rest or
similar member by the clip member 14. The electrical power cord 12
is connected to a suitable power source which normally will have
electrical power voltage of 115 volts a.c. which is reduced to the
desired voltage a.c. by the transformer. The light source is
actuated by the switch and the flexible arm 15 is adjusted until
substantially all the light rays amanating from the lighting unit
fall within the area desired to be illuminated.
This lighting unit illuminates a predetermined area relatively
uniform with sufficient intensity. The light pattern provided by
the lighting unit is quite large relative to the aperture of the
reflector to allow the lamp housing and light source to be
positioned close to the area to be illuminated to avoid distraction
because of the light emanating from the unit and allows the lamp
housing of the lighting unit to be relatively small in order not to
interfere with the area to be illuminated.
* * * * *