U.S. patent number 3,654,375 [Application Number 05/021,231] was granted by the patent office on 1972-04-04 for structural unit and assembly.
Invention is credited to John H. Geiger.
United States Patent |
3,654,375 |
Geiger |
April 4, 1972 |
STRUCTURAL UNIT AND ASSEMBLY
Abstract
A pliable structural unit which is combinable with other similar
units to form a geometric assembly with multiple faces contributed
by the various units. Each unit is formed from a sheet of pliable
material marked to indicate how it can be folded to serve as a
single polygonal face of an assembly, or provide a multiplicity of
faces. The marking is illustratively made by score lines which
delimit and appear on the faces of the units and tabs. Such lines
facilitate the desired folds, indicate removable material on the
tabs, and limit the degree of transverse bulge for units forming
single faces. The tabs permit fastening to similar tabs of other
units. Fastening may take place using ordinary adhesives and
standard fasteners such as paper clips.
Inventors: |
Geiger; John H. (Basking Ridge,
NJ) |
Family
ID: |
21803099 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/021,231 |
Filed: |
March 20, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
434/403;
52/DIG.10; 446/109; 446/488 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A63H
33/16 (20130101); A63H 33/103 (20130101); Y10S
52/10 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A63H
33/04 (20060101); A63H 33/10 (20060101); A63H
33/00 (20060101); A63H 33/16 (20060101); A63h
033/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;35/18A,34,46A,72
;46/1L,30,31,21 ;52/81 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Skogquist; Harland S.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A structural unit formed from a sheet of pliable material,
comprising
a face having a plurality of sides,
a tab bounded by a fold marker adjoining at least one of said sides
and extending therealong,
and a plurality of markers in said face extending between the sides
thereof,
said tab including markers therein which are extensions of
adjoining markers on the face of said unit and form acute angles
therewith for indicating a removable portion of said tab.
2. A structural unit as defined in claim 1, wherein said markers
extend between opposite sides of said face.
3. A structural unit as defined in clam 1 wherein said markers
extend between adjoining sides of the said face.
4. A structural unit as defined in claim 1 wherein said markers are
formed by score lines which produce a depression in one surface of
said structural unit and an elevation in the opposite surface
thereof.
5. A trigonal structural unit formed from a sheet of pliable
material, comprising
a face having a plurality of sides, a tab adjoining at least one of
said sides and extending therealong, and at least one marker in
said face extending from one side thereof to another, wherein said
face is triangular and said sides are equilateral, a marginal tab
extends along each of said sides and has obliquely tapered ends to
facilitate the attachment of said unit to other similar units,
the triangular face of said unit includes score line markers
extending between the midpoints of adjoining sides, and each of
said tabs includes score line markers extending divergently
thereinto from the midpoint of the adjoining side of said
triangular face and forming acute angles with respect to adjoining
score line markers of said face.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to structural units, and more particularly,
to pliable structural panels.
A structural unit is an iterated or repeated element of an overall
structural assembly. One such unit is the panel which may be
combined with other panels for general building purposes, or used
to form geometric figures for instructional or recreational
purposes.
Panels typically are of a prescribed size and are interconnected to
form the desired assembly, with each panel serving as a face of the
overall structure. Generally, when the type of overall structure is
changed, the panels are changed as well. Thus, when the scale of
the construct is altered, new panels are correspondingly
required.
Accordingly, it is an object of the invention to provide flexible
structural units which are adaptable for a multiplicity of
purposes. A related object is to realize a multipurpose panel for
constructing a wide variety of geometric objects. Another object is
to achieve a structural unit which can provide more than one size
of panel.
It is often desirable for structural panels to be of pliable
material. This permits portions of the panels to be folded to form
tabs for attaching the panels to one another. Such tabs can
interfere with each other and with the panels. Moreover, the faces
of pliable panels often exhibit a tendency to bulge.
Accordingly, it is a further object of the invention to provide
multipurpose structural panels in which the interconnection of
panels is facilitated. A related object is to prevent the tabs of
such panels from interfering with each other and with other panels.
Another object is to limit the tendency of such panels to
bulge.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accomplishing the foregoing and related objects, the invention
provides a structural unit of pliable material with a multisided
face, a tab along at least one of the sides and a fold marker in
the face extending from one side to another. This permits the panel
to be used as an entity or in forming subordinate faces of a
geometric object with multiple faces.
In accordance with one aspect of the invention, the fold markers
can extend between opposite or adjoining sides of the face.
Moreover, where the fold markers are provided by scoring the
surface of the unit, the resultant depression in one surface, and
elevation in the opposite surface, can limit the tendency for the
face of the structural unit to bulge.
In accordance with a further aspect of the invention, the tab of
the structural unit includes markers which indicate a portion that
is removable when a unit is to provide a multiplicity of faces. The
tab markers are oblique extensions of adjoining fold markers on the
face of the unit.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Other aspects of the invention will become apparent after
considering several illustrative embodiments, taken in conjunction
with the drawings in which:
FIG. 1A is a plan view of a structural unit in accordance with the
invention;
FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view of the structural unit of FIG.
1A;
FIG. 2A is a partially completed geometric assembly employing a
plurality of structural units of the type shown in shown in FIG.
1A;
FIG. 2B is a partially completed geometric construct formed from a
single unit of the type shown in FIG. 1A; and
FIGS. 3 and 4 are plan views of further structural units in
accordance with the invention.
DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS
Turning to FIG. 1A, a pliable structural unit 10 in accordance with
the invention is illustratively formed by a panel with an
equilateral triangular face 11 that is delimited within marker fold
lines 12 and has marginal tabs 13. Because of its triangular face
11, the overall unit 10 is trigonal. The face 11 can be joined to
other trigonal units using the tabs 13 to provide an overall
assemblage of desired configuration.
In addition to the peripheral markers 12, the face 11 bears
internal marker fold lines 14, which extend between the mid-points
of adjoining equilateral sides and become diagonal markers 15 in
the tabs 13. Each of the tab markers 15 is displaced by an acute
angle a with respect to the nearest adjoining one of the internal
fold lines 14. The pair of diagonal markers 15 in each of the tabs
13 defines a region of material that is removable when the trigonal
unit 10 is to be used in forming more than one face of a desired
assembly. The diagonal markers 15 are parallel with respective ends
of the tabs 13 and are proportioned to prevent interference with
other tabs or faces when several units are joined together or when
a single unit is used to form multiple faces.
The tabs 13 are shown with outer edges that are parallel to the
delimiting fold lines 12. It is to be understood that other forms
may be employed as well, such as variously configured flaps, ribs,
struts, leaves and flanges, as long as the members 13 are hingeable
with respect to the face 11 and are attachable to other structural
units.
As indicated by the cross-sectional view of FIG. 1B, the face
markers 12 and 14, as well as the tab markers 15 (not shown), are
desirably produced by scoring which results in indentations in one
surface of the trigonal structural unit 10 and corresponding
elevations on the opposite surface. This gives enhanced rigidity to
the structural unit 10 when used as a single panel to limit the
extent to which bulging takes place. The various markers 12, 14 and
15 may also be produced in other ways, for example by dashed-lines
which may penetrate into a surface of the unit 10.
The material of the structural unit 10 is illustratively
paperboard. However, other pliable materials may also be employed,
such as corrugated cardboard, plastic sheeting, metallic sheeting
and wire mesh.
A partially formed geometric assembly 20 is set forth in FIG. 2A,
which makes use of structural units 10-1 through 10-7 of the type
10 in FIG. 1A. To form the assembly 20, the tabs of the constituent
units are bent inwardly along their peripheral fold lines and
attached to mating tabs of adjoining units using common fasteners
such as paper clips 21. Other kinds of fasteners may be employed
alternatively, or the tabs may be joined together using standard
adhesives.
Because of the way in which the ends of the tabs are tapered, they
do not interfere with other tabs or faces when folded. In addition,
the score lines 14 of the units 10-1 through 10-7 tend to limit
bulging by their associated panels.
The assembly 20 of FIG. 2A has seven closed faces and an eighth,
open face. If the eighth face is closed by a structural unit, such
as the unit 10 of FIG. 1A, the result is an eight-sided figure not
commonly encountered in solid geometry. This figure is equivalent
to a composite of three equilateral pyramids, two connected
base-to-base and a third attached to one of the faces of the other
two. Thus, by using a number of structural units of a single type,
a wide range of geometric figures can be realized for pedagogic and
ultilitarian purposes.
In addition to the use of structural units, such as the unit 10 of
FIG. 1A, to form panels of an overall geometric assembly as
illustrated by FIG. 2A, a single unit may be adapted to provide a
multiplicity of panels in the manner depicted by the unit 25 of
FIG. 2B.
The multipanel unit 25 is realized from the monopanel unit 10 by
removal of that portion 13' (FIG. 1A) of the tabs 13 between each
pair of diagonal markers 15. When the unit 25 is of paperboard or
some other easily cut material, the removal of the undesired tab
material is accomplished using scissors or shears to cut along the
lines of the diagonal markers 15. This divides each of the tabs 13
into two parts and permits the unit 25 to be folded along the lines
indicated by the interior markers 14. The result is the conversion
of the monopanel unit 10 of FIG. 1A with a single face 11 into the
quadrapanel unit 25 of FIG. 2B with four faces, an inner face and
three outer faces 11-1 through 11-3.
As shown in FIG. 2B, the unit 25 has been folded so that one outer
face 11-2 is perpendicular to the base inner face and a coplanar
outer face 11-3. The remaining outer face 11-1 has been only
partially folded to form an acute angle with respect to the
coplanar faces. When the outer faces 11-1 through 11-3 are folded
through an obtuse angle relative to the starting plane, and their
tabs are pined together, e.g. in a manner similar to that employed
for the composite assembly 20 of FIG. 1B, the single unit 10 of
FIG. 1A forms a tetrahedron or regular pyramid. Because of the
disposition of the markers 15 in the tabs 13, the divided tabs that
result from removal of the material 13' do not interfere with each
other or any face of the multipanel unit 25.
Although the structural units 10, 10-1 through 10-7 and 25 of FIGS.
1A through 2B are trigonal, with triangular faces, a structural
unit in accordance with the invention is polygonal in general.
Illustrative quadrangular and pentagonal structural units 30 and 40
are shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, respectively.
The quadrangular unit 30 of FIG. 3 has a square face 31 delineated
with peripheral fold lines 32 and marginal tabs 33. On the face 31
there are internal fold lines 36 which extend between the midpoints
of opposite sides and adjacent sides. Included in the tabs 33 are
diagonal markers 35 which define a region 33' of material which is
removed when the unit 30 is to be folded to provide a multiplicity
of faces.
Similarly, the pentagonal unit 40 of FIG. 4 has a pentangular face
41 within peripheral fold lines 42 and marginal tabs 43. Internal
fold lines 44 of the face 41 extend between adjacent sides and
apply when the marginal material 43' is removed from between
associated markers 45.
Consequently, each of the structural units 30 and 40 can be used in
a manner similar to that of the trigonal unit 10 to provide either
a single panel or a multiplicity of panels.
While various aspects of the invention have been set forth by the
drawings and specification, it is to be understood that the
foregoing detailed description is for illustration only and that
various change in parts, as well as the substitution of equivalents
for what is shown and described, may be made without departing from
the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended
claims.
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