U.S. patent number 3,653,593 [Application Number 04/875,114] was granted by the patent office on 1972-04-04 for apparatus for generating a high voltage.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Nippon Kogei Kogyo Co., Ltd.. Invention is credited to Tamotsu Watanabe.
United States Patent |
3,653,593 |
Watanabe |
April 4, 1972 |
APPARATUS FOR GENERATING A HIGH VOLTAGE
Abstract
An apparatus for generating a high voltage which includes a
transformer, a rectifying circuit connected to the transformer, a
high voltage output terminal connected to the rectifying circuit, a
foamed insulator molded into the space between the transformer and
the components of the rectifying circuit with the exception of the
high voltage output terminal, and a container insulated by the
foamed insulator from the high voltage components and electrically
grounded.
Inventors: |
Watanabe; Tamotsu (Tokyo,
JA) |
Assignee: |
Nippon Kogei Kogyo Co., Ltd.
(N/A)
|
Family
ID: |
26366906 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/875,114 |
Filed: |
November 10, 1969 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Apr 16, 1969 [JA] |
|
|
44/28979 |
Apr 15, 1969 [JA] |
|
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44/28764 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
239/690 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01F
27/40 (20130101); H03K 3/53 (20130101); H01F
27/022 (20130101); B05B 5/10 (20130101); H01F
2027/408 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H01F
27/02 (20060101); B05B 5/10 (20060101); H01F
27/00 (20060101); B05B 5/08 (20060101); H03K
3/53 (20060101); H03K 3/00 (20060101); H01F
27/40 (20060101); B05b 005/00 (); F23d
011/28 () |
Field of
Search: |
;239/15 ;321/8,11 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: King; Lloyd L.
Claims
What is claimed as new and desired to be secured by Letters Patent
of the United States is:
1. Apparatus for generating a high voltage, comprising:
a transformer,
a rectifying circuit means including a plurality of components
therein and connected to said transformer,
a high voltage output terminal connected to said rectifying circuit
means,
a foamed insulator molded into the space between said transformer
and the components of said rectifying circuit means, and,
a container insulated by said foamed insulator from said high
voltage components and electrically grounded,
said high voltage being connected with an electrostatic spraying
system which includes a spray gun having charging electrodes
therein.
2. Apparatus for generating a high voltage as set forth in claim 1,
wherein said container is made conductive through a rounded
terminal whereby an electric field is formed between the grounded
article being sprayed and the charging electrodes of said spray
gun.
3. Apparatus for generating a high voltage as set forth in claim 1,
wherein said insulator is a foamed polyurethane resin.
4. Apparatus as set forth in claim 3, wherein said insulator is a
closed cell foam which is non-continuous.
5. Apparatus for generating a high voltage as set forth in claim 1,
wherein said transformer is not disposed within the same space as
said rectifying circuit means and wherein said rectifying circuit
means includes a rectifier which is a cold cathode of selenium.
6. Apparatus for generating a high voltage as set forth in claim 1,
wherein said transformer is not disposed within the same space as
said rectifying circuit means and wherein said rectifying circuit
means includes a rectifier which is a semiconductor.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to an apparatus for generating a high
voltage and more particularly to improvements in an apparatus for
generating a high voltage by filling the space between the high
voltage components and parts with a foamed insulator.
In order to insulate the high voltage in conventional high voltage
generating apparatus, the transformer, rectifier, capacitor and
resistor are either contained within an insulating oil or are
molded with a high voltage solid insulating resin. If an insulating
oil or liquid is used to insulate the high voltage components in
the high voltage generating apparatus, the generating apparatus
will be too heavy to transport portably and must be sealed tightly
so as to prevent the insulating liquid from leaking. If the solid
insulating resin is used, the apparatus will be heavy and
expensive, since most conventional solid insulators are heavy and
expensive.
In the use of high voltage generating apparatus for electrostatic
coating and particularly for electrostatic painting, for safety it
is necessary that the high voltage be applied to the charging
electrodes of the coating apparatus only while the coating material
is sprayed onto the substrate. This is desirable because most
solvents used in painting and coating compositions are volatile and
highly combustible when subjected to an electric spark discharge.
Moreover, by applying the high voltage to the electrodes only
during the coating operation, the chances of subjecting the
operator to an electric shock is reduced. The application of high
voltage only during paint spraying is particularly necessary when a
hand spray paint gun is used and the operator could easily be
injured by fire or shock. Additionally, in a hand spray gun, it is
desirable that the high voltage generating apparatus be portable,
which requires that it be compact and light in weight.
In high voltage generating apparatus for electrostatic spraying,
there generally exists four ways of stepping up the standard
commercial power to a desired level. First, the commercial power
which is generally about 50 or 60 hertz may be stepped up by a
transformer and then rectified to direct current. Second, the
commercial power may be stepped up by a transformer to one-half the
above voltage and then stepped up to full voltage by rectifying
with a voltage doubler rectifier using a capacitor to provide
direct current of the desired voltage level. A third way of
stepping up the standard commercial power to a desired level is by
using a transformer having a step-up ratio which is less than that
in each of the above methods, so that the rectifiers and the
capacitors are divided into several stages, and thereafter the
power is rectified to direct current. The power level is then
further stepped up by use of such conventional systems as the
"Cockcroft" or "Walton" type systems. Fourth, the commercial power
may be stepped up by first converting the power into a voltage of
high frequency, such as 15 kilohertz, and then rectifying and
stepping up this high voltage by utilization of such conventional
systems as the "Cockcroft" or "Walton" type systems.
Though the above first method is suitable for a high current load
and the other three methods are suitable for low current loads, the
prior art apparatus for each is still too heavy to provide a
portable and hand-operated electrostatic spray gun.
sUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, one object of this invention is to provide a new and
improved unique high voltage generating apparatus which is not only
portable, compact and light, but which is less expensive to
manufacture.
Another object of the subject invention is the provision of a new
and improved high voltage generating apparatus which utilizes a
light weight insulator of foamed material between the
components.
Still another object of the present invention is the provision of a
new and improved high voltage generating apparatus which does not
require a sealed container.
One other object of the subject invention is the provision of a new
and improved high voltage generating apparatus which utilizes a
light weight insulator of foamed material to provide a light weight
and portable hand operated electrostatic spray gun.
Briefly, in accordance with one aspect of the present invention,
these and other objects are attained by the provision of an
apparatus for generating a high voltage which uses a light weight
and solid foamed insulator which fills the space between the high
voltage components and the container of the apparatus and thereby
lightens the weight of the apparatus and does not require the
structure to be sealed.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
A more complete appreciation of the invention and many of the
attendant advantages thereof will be readily apparent as the same
becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed
description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying
drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a front view of one embodiment of the high voltage
generating apparatus constructed in accordance with the present
invention;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the apparatus taken along the line
II--II in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the apparatus taken along the line
III--III in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a front view of an alternative embodiment of a high
voltage generating apparatus constructed according to the present
invention;
FIG. 5 is a sectional view of the apparatus taken along lines V--V
in FIG. 4; and,
FIG. 6 is a sectional view of the apparatus taken along the lines
VI--VI in FIG. 4.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring now to the drawings, and more particularly to FIGS. 1
through 3, wherein one embodiment of the apparatus constructed in
accordance with the present invention is shown as having a cord 1
which includes a first line 3 and a second line 12 that are
connected at one end to an external source of electric power (not
shown). The other end of the first line 3 is connected through a
connector 2, a power switch 4 and a fuse 5 to both a hand operated
painting machine 6 and a source of compressed air 7 by way of an
air-flow valve switch 9. The painting machine 6 and source of
compressed air 7 are connected to the air-flow valve switch 9 by
means of a pair of hoses 8. The air-flow valve switch 9, which is
connected to one end of a primary winding 11 of a transformer 10,
operates in response to the air-flow produced by triggering the
hand operated painting machine 6, The other end of the primary
winding 11 is connected to the second line 12 of the cord 1 which,
as explained above, is connected to the external source of
power.
The secondary winding 13 of the transformer 10 is connected through
one or more capacitors 14 and rectifiers 15, such as of the
selenium type, in an arrangement such as in the "Cockcroft" and
"Walton" type systems, to an output terminal 16. The output
terminal 16 is connected to a spring 17 and then to the charging
electrodes (not shown) of the hand operated painting machine 6
through a cable 18. The base of the transformer 10 is connected to
an electroconductive chassis 19 which is, in turn, connected to an
electroconductive container 21. The container 21 has a handle 20
conveniently attached thereto for enabling the easy carrying
thereof.
The capacitors 14, rectifiers 15, transformer 10 and high voltage
wiring lines 22 connected between these components and fixing
screws 23 are each electrically insulated from the container 21 by
being molded with a foamed filler 24 therebetween such, for
example, as a foamed polyurethane resin.
In the operation of the apparatus described above, a high voltage
direct current is first applied between the cable 18 and the
container 21. Now, since the container 21 is conductive through a
grounded terminal 25, an electric field will be established between
a grounded article being painted and the charging electrodes of the
spray gun, which is also connected to the cable 18, so that the
desired electrostatic painting can be conventionally
accomplished.
In order to fill the space between the high voltage components and
the container 21, the transformer 10, rectifiers 15, capacitors 14,
fixing screws 23, and wiring lines 22, with foamed filler, the
components may be first mounted on an insulating supporting member
26 prior to assembly thereof within the container 21 and then the
foam is molded around the components to a predetermined shape using
a removable mold. The wiring lines of the molded supporting member
26 are then electrically connected to the appropriate parts within
the container 21 and are inserted therein.
It should be understood, however, that the invention is not so
limited and that the process for filling the foamed filler between
the high voltage components and the container 21 may be achieved by
filling the foamed filler therebetween after the high voltage
components and other components are wired and are contained within
the container 21.
It should also be understood that the electrically insulating
foamed filler is not limited to polyurethane, but may be of any
substance which has a low specific weight, and is heat resistant,
burn resistant, and voltage resistant.
It should also be understood that in order to prevent any leakage
current in the wiring between the transformer, which may have an
output voltage such, for example, as of 10 kilovolts and a direct
current output voltage after rectification, such, for example, as
60 kilovolts, and the components, that the wiring therebetween may
be insulated before the foam is filled therein.
It should further be apparent that while an air-flow valve switch 9
has been shown for switching the high voltage supply to the
transformer 10 in response to the change of air flow produced when
the trigger of the spray gun 6 is operated, that the subject
invention is not so limited and that the external power may be
supplied or shut off by an electric switch such, for example, as a
microswitch or the like, which may be provided within the spray gun
6, and operated when the trigger thereof is pulled.
This alternative arrangement is more clearly shown in reference to
FIGS. 4 through 6, wherein the air-flow valve switch 9 is
eliminated.
In particular, the alternative embodiment of FIGS. 4 through 6
shows a cord 1 which again includes a pair of lines 3 and 12 which
are connected to an external source of electric power (not shown).
The line 3 is here connected through a connector 2 to a power
switch 4, and a fuse 5 and then directly to the primary winding 11
of the transformer 10 by way of a wiring line 27. Line 12 is again
connected to the other end of the primary winding 11 of the
transformer 10.
The secondary winding 13 is connected through one or more
capacitors 14 and rectifiers 15, such as of the selenium type, in
an arrangement such as in the "Cockcroft" or "Walton" type systems,
to an output terminal 16. The output terminal 16 is connected to a
spring 17 and then to the charging electrodes (not shown) of the
painting machine 6 through a cable 18.
The base of the transformer 10 is connected to an electroconductive
chassis 19 which is, in turn, connected to the electroconductive
container 21. The container 21 again has a handle 20 attached
thereto for enabling the easy carrying thereof.
The capacitors 14, rectifiers 15, transformer 10 and high voltage
wiring lines 22 connected between the components and fixing screws
23 are again electrically insulated from the container 21 by being
molded with a foamed filler 24 therebetween.
In operation of the apparatus described above with reference to
FIGS. 4 through 6, a high voltage direct current is again first
applied between the cable 18 and the container 21. Now, since the
container 21 is conductive through a grounded terminal 25, an
electric field will be established between a grounded article being
painted and the charging electrodes of the spray gun 6 which is
also connected to the cable 18 so that the conventional
electrostatic painting may be readily accomplished.
It should also be understood that in order to prevent any leakage
current in the wiring between the transformer, which may have an
output voltage such, for example, as of 12 kilovolts and a direct
current output voltage after rectification such, for example, as 70
kilovolts, and the components that the wiring therebetween may be
insulated before the foam is filled therein. Good results are
obtained when the foamed filler has a specific weight of 0.029.
One necessary requirement for the foamed filler is that the foam
cells be closed and independent with each other and preferably not
be continuous in order to withstand the voltage thereacross.
It should be further understood that the present invention is not
limited to a particular type of rectifying system or rectifier and,
additionally, if no trouble exists at the point of voltage
resistance, then the transformer need not be disposed within the
same space as the rectifying circuit and this space may be filled
with foamed filler. However, under such conditions, it is
preferable to use a cold cathode of selenium having small calorific
power or a silicon semiconductor.
It should now be apparent from the foregoing description that the
foamed insulator may be readily removed so that any defective
components may be easily replaced and refilled with a new foamed
insulator. This allows for rapid maintenance in comparison with
conventional apparatus which uses heavy solid insulating
fillers.
It should also now be apparent that since the high voltage circuit
of the present invention is insulated and filled with a foamed
insulator, that the same is not only compact and light in weight,
but does not require sealing as is necessary for conventional
apparatus using liquid insulators.
Moreover, it should be understood that the foamed insulator of the
present invention will readily absorb any shock due to vibration,
thus enabling the realization of a portable high voltage generating
apparatus.
Obviously, numerous modifications and variations of the present
invention are possible in light of the above teachings. It is
therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended
claims, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as
specifically described herein.
* * * * *