U.S. patent number 3,653,086 [Application Number 04/843,101] was granted by the patent office on 1972-04-04 for streamline swim mask.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Innerspace Corporation. Invention is credited to Calvin A. Gongwer.
United States Patent |
3,653,086 |
Gongwer |
April 4, 1972 |
STREAMLINE SWIM MASK
Abstract
A streamline face mask for swimmers which can be used with
either a snorkel or underwater air equipment is secured to the head
of the swimmer to provide a smooth surface over the face and across
the head of the swimmer and thereby reduce drag. The shape of the
mask is determined by a pair of connected side members which
cooperate to form a forwardly projecting prow portion and a
centrally positioned relatively sharp edge which extends
longitudinally from the prow.
Inventors: |
Gongwer; Calvin A. (Glendora,
CA) |
Assignee: |
Innerspace Corporation
(Glendora, CA)
|
Family
ID: |
25289077 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/843,101 |
Filed: |
July 18, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
2/9; 128/205.25;
D24/110.2; 128/201.11 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A63B
33/00 (20130101); B63C 11/16 (20130101); B63C
2011/125 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A63B
33/00 (20060101); B63C 11/16 (20060101); B63C
11/02 (20060101); A63b 033/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;128/145,145A,141,146,146.3,146.7 ;2/2.1,9 ;9/303,301,329-332,400
;272/71 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Gaudet; Richard A.
Assistant Examiner: Dunne; G. F.
Claims
I claim:
1. A streamline mask for a swimmer, comprising: a pair of
longitudinally extending side members defining the shape of the
mask, said side members being symmetrical about a central plane
extending between them; an edge being formed by the intersection
and connection of said side members on the plane, said edge
comprising a longitudinally extending first edge portion and a
relatively sharp second edge portion extending generally normal to
said first edge portion; said side members diverging from both said
edge portions and forming a generally V-shaped channel closed at
one end along said second edge portion; and mask securing means
connected to said side members whereby the mask can be secured to
the head of the swimmer with the face of the swimmer extending
inward toward the bottom of said channel and the top of the head
being covered by the closed end of said channel to provide a pair
of smooth and continuous exterior surfaces over the face and a
sharp leading exterior edge above the top of the head of the
swimmer to reduce drag between the swimmer and the water.
2. The mask of claim 1, wherein said second edge portion defines a
smooth continuous convex curve in the central plane with the end of
said curve adapted to be positioned adjacent to the top of the head
of the swimmer and tangent to the back of the head.
3. The mask of claim 1, wherein a gasket member is located within
said channel, said gasket member sealably encircling at one end a
transparent sight means, said other end of said gasket member being
adapted to sealably encircle a portion of the swimmer's face
including the eyes to provide a potential water free space between
the swimmer's eyes and said transparent sight means.
4. The mask of claim 3, wherein said other end of said gasket
member is adapted to sealably encircle the nose of the swimmer.
5. The mask of claim 4, wherein plugs are provided which are
adaptable to engage and compress the nostrils of the swimmer, means
operably connected to said plugs, said means extending from within
the area encircled by said gasket member through said side member
wherein said means are operable from the exterior of the mask.
6. The mask of claim 4, wherein said transparent sight means
includes a recess, said recess being adapted to receive the nose of
said swimmer.
7. The mask of claim 3, wherein said transparent sight means
comprises a sight plate, said sight plate being connected to said
side members and extending between said side members substantially
normal to the central plane between them.
8. The mask of claim 7, wherein said side members are each provided
with a sight port and a portion of said sight plate projects
through said sight ports beyond said side members to provide a wide
field of vision for the swimmer.
9. The mask of claim 1 wherein means connected to the mask extend
outwardly from the mask to carry instruments visible from within
the mask.
10. The mask of claim 1, wherein said mask securing means comprises
an adjustable strap connected at each end to said side members.
11. A streamline mask for a swimmer, comprising: a pair of
longitudinally extending side members symmetrical about a central
plane between them and cooperating to define a ship-like body; a
keel section and a forwardly projecting sharp prow section on said
body being formed by the side members converging to intersect and
connect on the plane; said side members forming an open cavity
between them, said cavity adapted to receive the face of a swimmer
and said side members adapted to fit generally flush along the side
of the face of a swimmer, and means being adapted to secure said
ship-like body on the head of a swimmer whereby the face and the
top of the head of a swimmer are covered, and said side members
including a pair of smooth continuous exterior surfaces converging
substantially normal to said keel section to provide said sharp
prow section.
12. The mask of claim 11, wherein a flexible gasket within said
cavity is adapted to encircle a portion of the face of a swimmer
including the eyes, transparent means connected to said gasket, and
said gasket, adapted to cooperate with said transparent means and
the face of a swimmer to seal off the area between said transparent
means and the eyes of a swimmer in a watertight fashion.
13. The mask of claim 12, wherein said transparent means comprises
a sight plate, said sight plate having a portion which is adapted
to be normal to the mean line of sight of a swimmer wearing the
mask and which extends between the connects to said side members,
each said side member having a sight port, and said portion of said
sight plate cooperating with said sight ports to provide a wide
field of underwater vision substantially without distortion for a
swimmer.
14. A streamline mask for a swimmer, comprising: a sheet like body
having a smooth continuous outer surface adapted to cover the face
of a swimmer and a top portion of the head of a swimmer; said body
forming a cavity adapted to be at least partially water filled
during swimming and having a pair of straight longitudinally
extending and diverging sides, said sides being adapted to extend
along the sides of the face of a swimmer; transparent means for
underwater viewing and a flexible gasket within said cavity, said
gasket having one end sealably connected to said transparent means
with the other end being adapted to encircle a portion of the face
of a swimmer including the eyes for forming a substantially
watertight space between said transparent means and the encircled
portion of a swimmer's face; said body having a streamlined
forwardly projecting portion, said forwardly projecting portion
being adapted to fit over the top portion of the head of a swimmer,
and means being adapted to secure said body to the head of a
swimmer, whereby the smooth outer surface of said body reduces drag
between the water and face and the top portion of the head of a
swimmer.
15. The mask of claim 14, wherein said body comprises a single
integral unit.
Description
The invention relates to a mask for swimmers and divers and is
particularly directed to a mask adapted for use during relatively
high speed and long distance travel through the water.
Face masks for swimmers and divers have long been used to provide
improved vision underwater and to generally shield the nose and
eyes of the swimmer from the water. The typical face mask includes
a watertight gasket, one end of which encircles the eyes and nose
of the swimmer. The gasket projects generally outward from the face
of the swimmer and the other end is connected to and encircles a
transparent member. Such masks therefore include a relatively large
amount of surface area which is normal or substantially normal to
the direction of travel of the swimmer or diver. The water acts on
these surfaces to increase the already present drag forces which
resist the movement of the swimmer in the water. The effect of drag
is particularly detrimental during relatively high speed and long
distance travel. This is aptly illustrated by the fact that
swimmers shave the hair on their body in order to reduce the effect
of drag during races. Moreover, when a swimmer is swimming in
relatively turbulent water, such as the ocean, waves and swells
cause further increased drag. Therefore, the primary object of the
present invention is to provide a face mask for swimmers which will
not cause increased drag, but will instead reduce the normal drag
forces acting on a swimmer without a mask.
Another object sought to be accomplished by this invention is the
reduction of drag created by the waves and swells when swimming in
turbulent water. A further object of this invention is to provide a
mask which is adaptable for use with either a snorkel or underwater
air equipment. A still further object is to provide a mask which
provides a wide field of vision without distortion.
Moreover, there have been many developments directed to increasing
the travel speed of an individual through the water, including fins
which can be secured to the hands and feet of a swimmer. Another
such development which is particularly effective in increasing the
water travel speed of an individual is referred to in my U.S. Pat.
No. 3,122,759.
In accordance with these objects, the present invention comprises a
mask which is adapted to be secured to the head of the swimmer to
provide a smooth surface over the face and across the top of the
head of the swimmer. The mask includes a pair of side members which
are symmetrical about a central plane between them and which
diverge laterally and longitudinally from the plane. The
intersection and connection at the sides on the plane form an edge,
which resembles in part the keel of a ship, and a forwardly
projecting portion which resembles the prow of a ship. The
keel-like edge and forwardly projecting prow act much the same as
they do on a ship and are particularly effective in reducing wave
drag in relatively turbulent water. The cooperation of the sides
also provide a V-shaped channel between them into which the face of
the swimmer extends. A gasket within the channel is adapted to
encircle the eyes and the nose of the swimmer's face and provide a
substantially watertight space between the face and a transparent
window for underwater vision. The mask can be used with either a
snorkel or underwater air equipment and the snorkel is adapted to
extend substantially within the bottom of the channel from the
mouth receiving end to an open air receiving end to reduce drag on
the snorkel. A valve operable from the exterior of the mask allows
the swimmer to quickly and easily change from the snorkel to the
underwater air equipment.
In addition the mask is sturdy in construction and economical to
manufacture. Other and further objects and advantages of this
invention will be made readily apparent from the following drawings
and detailed description.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating the mask on a swimmer or
diver.
FIG. 2 is a side view of the mask in cross-section illustrating
approximate normal position of the mask during surface
swimming.
FIG. 3 is top sectional view of the mask taken on the lines
3--3.
Referring now to the drawings in detail, the streamline mask,
generally designated 10, is generally V-shaped in cross-section as
illustrated by FIG. 3. The mask 10 is adapted to substantially
cover the face and the top of the head of a swimmer or diver. The
mask is preferably formed of transparent plastic and the flexible
nature of the plastic along with the V-shape of the mask 10 makes
the mask adjustable to various sizes and shaped heads. This same
shape also causes the longitudinal edges of the mask 10 to fit
tangent to the sides of the face and the top of the head and
thereby provide a smooth transition between the outer surface of
the mask and the head of the swimmer.
The mask 10 is formed by a pair of sheet-like side members, 11 and
12. These longitudinally extending side members 11 and 12 are
mirror-image and symmetrical about an imaginary plane which would
generally vertically divide the face of a person wearing the mask
10. The side members 11 and 12 converge to intersect on this plane
and form a relatively sharp edge 13. This centrally located edge
13, as best seen in FIG. 2, extends longitudinally in front of the
face of the wearer of the mask and curves up over the head of the
wearer. However, it should be noted that the mask can comprise a
single integral sheet-like body formed by molding and the edge 13
can be rounded, particularly along the portion of the edge which is
adapted to extend in front of the face, without detracting from the
scope of this invention. The unconnected side edges 14 and 15 of
the side members 11 and 12, respectively, extend longitudinally
along the side of the face of the wearer and curve towards the top
and back of the head of the wearer. All three edges, 13, 14 and 15
terminate at a common point 16 which is spaced a small distance
from the top of the head for a purpose which will be explained
below. As seen in the drawings, the cooperation of the sides in
this manner form a mask which resembles the shape of a ship; with
the side members 11 and 12 meeting along a curved portion 17a of
the edge 13 to form a prow 17 and meeting along a longitudinally
extending relatively straight portion 18a of the edge 12 which is
generally normal to the curved edge portion to form a keel 18.
Moreover, the prow 17 and the keel 18 act much like the prow and
keel of a ship to lower the drag. This shape is particularly
effective when the wearer is surface swimming in relatively
turbulent water.
A flat transparent window or sight plate 19 extends between the
side members 11 and 12 with surface portion 19a normal to the plane
described above and normal to the mean line of sight of a wearer.
This plate is adapted to cover the eyes and the nose of a wearer
and includes recessed portion 20 to accommodate the nose of the
wearer. As best seen in FIG. 3, portions 21 and 22 on each side of
the sight plate 19 project outwardly beyond the side members 11 and
12 through sight ports 23 and 24, respectively, in the side members
11 and 12. The projected portions 21 and 22 of the sight plate 19
provide for a wide field of underwater vision. Moreover, because
the surface portion 19a of the sight plate 19 is generally normal
to the mean line of sight, vision is not distorted as it is when
viewing through a slanted or curved member. The sight ports 23 and
24 also permits access to front side of the sight plate 19 for
cleaning. Moreover, the open ports 23 and 24 permit the area
between the sight plate 19 and the bottom of the channel to be
flooded and because of the low index of refraction of plastic in
water the multiple thicknesses of plastic become invisible so that
the wearer can see out of the mask in almost any direction.
A rubber gasket 25 is sealably connected at one end to the sight
plate 19 and extends from the sight plate 19. The other end of the
gasket 25, is adapted to encircle the eyes and the nose of a wearer
as shown and substantially prevent water from entering this area
between the face of the wearer and the sight plate 19 in the same
fashion a conventional mask protects the eyes and nose from water
and provides for underwater vision.
A pair of nostril pads 26 and 27 connected to a pair of plungers 28
and 29, respectively, are adapted to be pressed against the
nostrils of a wearer whereby the wearer when diving can equalize
the pressure in his inner ear and eustachian tube. The plungers 28
and 29 mounted for limited axial movement extend from the area
enclosed by the sight plate 19 and the gasket 25 through openings
in the sight plate 19 and side members 11 and 12 beyond the side
members 11 and 12 to permit the wearer to operate the pads 26 and
27 from beyond the exterior of the mask 10. Grommets 30 and 31
prevent leakage between the sight plate 19 and the plungers 28 and
29.
V-brackets 32 and 33 which are mounted to the interior surfaces of
the side members 11 and 12 connect the side members 11 and 12 at
the edge 13 and together with the sight plate 19 add rigidity to
the mask 10.
The breathing apparatus, generally designated 40, adapted for use
with the mask 10 includes a snorkel tube 41, a passage member 42,
and a conventional hollow mouthpiece 43. The mouthpiece is adapted
to be received at one end by the mouth of the swimmer and is
preferably of a flexible material such as rubber. The snorkel tube
41 is preferably transparent plastic, however, this is not
absolutely necessary for vision purposes because the tube 41 is
positioned between the eyes of a wearer. The tube 41 extends out
from the mask 10 in the space provided between the end 16 and the
head of the wearer. The portion of the tube 41 extending beyond and
above the end 16 of the curved portion 17a of the edge 13 is
adapted to lie relatively tangent to the head of a wearer and then
is bent at 44 in order that the snorkel tube 41 will be
approximately perpendicular to the surface of the water during
surface swimming.
The other end 46 of the snorkel tube 41 is connected to the passage
member 42. The passage member 42 includes passages 46, 47 and 48,
and a valve member 49. Passage 46 is in alignment with the passage
through the snorkel tube 41 and passage 48 is in alignment with a
passage (not shown) which extends through regulator 50, of the
single hose type, to the underwater air equipment (also not shown)
such as scuba diving equipment. Passage 47 is in alignment with the
passage through the hollow mouthpiece 43 which is adapted to pass
air into the mouth of a diver or swimmer from either the snorkel or
the underwater air equipment. During surface swimming the valve
member 49 can be adjusted to pass air entering the open end 45 of
the snorkel 41 from the passage 46 into the passage 47 and at the
same time block the passage 48. During underwater swimming the
valve member can be adjusted to pass air from the underwater air
equipment through the passage 48 into the passage 47 and at the
same time block the passage 46. A valve member control 51 extends
out through a side member to allow the swimmer or diver to adjust
the valve member 49 from the exterior of the mask.
The breathing apparatus 40 is contained substantially within the
interior of the mask 10 and thus eliminates drag on the snorkel,
mouthpiece and regulator normally experienced when using this
equipment during swimming. The valve member 49 allows the swimmer
to change from the use of either the underwater air equipment or
the snorkel without switching mouthpieces. It should be noted that
the regulator 50 can be removed when underwater air equipment is
not being used.
A streamlined bracket 60 which projects out from the mask 10 in
parallel alignment with the above referred to plane can be mounted
on the mask 10 to carry a compass 61 or other instruments, such as
a depth gauge, in a proper viewing position.
An adjustable and flexible strap 62 connected at each end to the
side members 11 and 12 is adapted to fit around the back of the
head and generally above the ears of a wearer to secure the mask 10
tightly to the head. The tension of the strap 62 is such that it
provides adequate pressure between the face of the wearer and the
gasket 25 to prevent leakage between the gasket 25 and the
face.
The streamlined swim mask provides a smooth continuous surface over
the face and top of the head of a swimmer or diver to reduce drag
in addition to providing a wide field of undistorted vision
underwater. The shape of the mask is such that it acts to reduce
drag and is particularly effective in reducing wave drag during
surface swimming in relatively turbulent water. The mask is adapted
for use with either snorkel or underwater air equipment and the
mask also reduces some of the drag normally inherent with the use
of this equipment. In addition means are provided to allow the
switch from the underwater air equipment to snorkel or visa versa,
to be made easily and quickly. The mask is particularly useful
during relatively high-speed and long distant travel in the
water.
* * * * *