U.S. patent number 3,652,197 [Application Number 05/036,642] was granted by the patent office on 1972-03-28 for nonconsumable wick.
Invention is credited to Richard D. Tokarz.
United States Patent |
3,652,197 |
Tokarz |
March 28, 1972 |
NONCONSUMABLE WICK
Abstract
A wick is formed by a plurality of hollow ceramic microspheres
adhered together with epoxy resin which is capable of absorbing
flammable liquids and transporting the liquid by capillary action
above the reservoir of the flammable liquid.
Inventors: |
Tokarz; Richard D. (Richland,
WA) |
Family
ID: |
21889782 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/036,642 |
Filed: |
May 12, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
431/326; 431/288;
502/407 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F21V
37/0095 (20130101); F21V 37/00 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F21V
37/00 (20060101) |
Field of
Search: |
;252/425.5,430,428,477
;431/288,326,327,298 ;44/40 ;65/22 ;210/40,510 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Wyman; Daniel E.
Assistant Examiner: Konopka; P. E.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A non-consumable wick for use on a candle to support a defined
candle flame when ignited and to melt a portion of the candle to
create and maintain a liquid wax reservoir in the wax candle spaced
from sides of the candle and to feed the liquid wax from the
reservoir to the flame to sustain the flame, comprising:
a non-consumable solid body having an upward projection capable of
extending above the surface of the liquid wax reservoir to support
the candle flame thereon;
said solid body having a plurality of closely associated hollow
ceramic spheres adhered together to form a solid structure for
transporting the liquid wax from the reservoir to the flame said
adhered together hollow ceramic spheres having a specific gravity
less than that of the melted wax; and
means for preventing the solid body from drifting in the liquid wax
reservoir to prevent the flame from melting the sides of the
candle.
2. A non-consumable wick as defined in claim 1 wherein each of the
ceramic spheres has a diameter of less than one-quarter inch.
3. The non-consumable wick as defined in claim 1 wherein each of
the ceramics spheres has a diameter between 0.01 and 0.0001
millimeters.
4. The non-consumable wick as defined in claim 1 wherein the
ceramic spheres are adhered together by an adhesive material
forming the solid body.
5. The non-consumable wick as defined in claim 4 wherein the
ceramic spheres are adhered together with an epoxy resin
adhesive.
6. The non-consumable wick as defined in claim 4 wherein the solid
body is capable of absorbing at least 50 percent by weight of the
flammable liquid.
7. The non-consumable wick as defined in claim 1 wherein the means
for preventing drifting includes anchor means having one end
affixed to the solid body and a lower end extending downward from
the body to engage a bottom of the liquid wax reservoir to prevent
the solid body from drifting.
8. The non-consumable wick as defined in claim 1 wherein the means
for preventing drifting includes a weight secured to the solid body
to lower the solid body in the liquid wax reservoir and engage a
bottom of the liquid wax reservoir to prevent the solid body from
drifting.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to wicks for lamps, candles and the like and
more particularly to flame wicks that are non-consumable.
The purpose of the wick is to convey by capillary action a constant
supply of a flammable liquid from a reservoir to a flame to support
the flame.
The conventional candle is formed with a fabric wick embedded in
the center thereof, generally running the full length. Such wicks
are almost always burnable and consumable. Candle wicks are
generally constructed of loosely twisted soft-spun fibers, whereas
oil lamp wicks are generally constructed of a flat woven material
made of cotton or asbestos. This invention extends to wicks that
can be used for candles, lamps, oil stoves, cigarette lighters, or
the like to draw up melted tallow, wax, oil, or other flammable
liquid above a reservoir to be burned.
One of the principal objects of this invention is to provide a
non-consumable wick that can be re-used over and over again.
An additional object of this invention is to provide a wick
material that may be machined or molded to a variety of shapes to
fit the desired use.
A further object of this invention is to provide a candle wick that
greatly simplifies the manufacture of the candle deleting the need
for the normal fabric wick that is embodied within the candle.
An additional object of this invention is to provide an inexpensive
wick material that is non-consumable.
These and other objects and advantages of this invention will
become apparent upon the reading of the following detailed
description of the preferred embodiment.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Preferred and alternate embodiments are illustrated in the
accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a wick embodying the principle
features of this invention;
FIG. 2 is a fragmentary enlarged cross-section of the wick
illustrating its composition and construction;
FIG. 3 is a vertical cross-section of the candle showing the wick
during the initial period of burning;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 3 except showing
the candle partly consumed;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a candle showing an alternate
embodiment of the wick;
FIG. 6 shows a perspective view of an alternate embodiment of the
wick;
FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing an alternate embodiment of the
wick; and
FIG. 8 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a container showing a
wick formed as a layer on the side of the container for drawing
liquid up the container wall.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED AND ALTERNATE EMBODIMENTS
A wick 10 is illustrated in FIG. 1 having a body 11 with an upward
projection 12 extending therefrom. Projection 12 has a surface 13
for supporting a flame.
The wick 10 is constructed with a plurality of closely associated
hollow ceramic spheres which are non-consumable and which have
diameters less than one-quarter inch. Preferably the ceramic
spheres have diameters in the micron range which is from 0.01 to
0.0001 millimeters. The microspheres are held sufficiently close
together to absorb and transport the flammable liquid by capillary
action, to the flame surface 13. The hollow ceramic microspheres
are held in close association by an adhesive 17. A preferable
adhesive is epoxy resin. Interstices 18 are formed between the
ceramic microspheres for absorbing the inflammable liquid by
capillary action. It has been found that such a wick will absorb
between 50 and 70 percent of its own weight of molten wax or other
inflammable fluid and will transport the inflammable fluid 1 inch
up a heated 3/8-inch diameter rod when the tip of the rod is dipped
in the inflammable fluid. It can be said that the wick is highly
porous. The wick has a specific gravity that is less than that of
the melted wax or flammable liquid so that it will float on the
surface of a flammable fluid reservoir. The wick can withstand
temperatures in excess of 1,300.degree. Fahrenheit and is highly
insulative enabling a very hot flame to be maintained on the
surface of the wick without conducting the heat through the wick to
vaporize the flammable oil or wax.
Another important advantage is that the wick can be readily
constructed in a variety of shapes best suited for the desired use
and flame effect. The wick material can be readily shaped by
machinery or by molding. The wick may be formed as cones,
cylinders, tubes, blocks, and multitudes of other shapes. As a
matter of fact such a wick opens up a whole new design concept for
flame patterns and effects for the artist and candle maker.
FIG. 3 shows a wick 10 mounted on the top of candle 20. The candle
20 has a cylindrical body 21 with a top surface 22. The wick 10 is
initially positioned on the top surface 22 and then lit to produce
a flame 23 which will readily heat the wax adjacent the wick to
form a liquid reservoir 24. The wick floats in the fluid reservoir
with the projection extending above the fluid surface to support
the flame. For some applications it may be desirable to pre-coat or
pre-soak the wick in flammable liquid to facilitate the initial
generation of the flame.
FIG. 4 shows the candle partially burnt in which the wick 10 has
moved downward with the fluid surface supporting the flame in the
center of the candle. Means 26 are provided on the wick 10 (FIG. 4)
for preventing the wick from drifting from side to side. Such a
feature enables the flame to consume only the central portion of
the candle without breaking down a localized wall area of the
candle and thereby prevent wax from flowing down the side of the
candle. The means 26 include a chain 27 that is affixed to the
bottom of the wick 10 and extends downward with a lower end resting
on the bottom of the liquid reservoir 24 to anchor the wick.
If desired, a weight 30 (FIG. 5) may be embedded in the wick to
adjust the bouyancy of the wick. The weight 30 shown in FIG. 5 has
a protrusion 31 that extends downward engaging the bottom of the
reservoir to prevent drifting.
As previously mentioned the size and shape of the wick can be
varied greatly. The wick 10 can be formed in a hollow cylindrical
shape as shown in FIG. 6 for floating in a liquid reservoir with an
upper annular portion 33 extending above the fluid reservoir for
supporting an annular flame. FIG. 7 shows a disk shaped wick 35 for
supporting a flame over an entire upper surface 36.
It may be desirable to provide a wick as a layer on a side or wall
of a container or glass 37. The layer wick is identified by the
numeral 38 for drawing liquid from a liquid reservoir to support a
flame around the inside of the container 37.
It should be understood that the above described embodiments are
simply illustrative of the principles of this invention and that
numerous shapes and configurations of the wick may be readily
devised depending upon the desired application and shape of the
flame desired. Therefore, only the following claims are intended to
define this invention.
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