U.S. patent number 3,651,975 [Application Number 05/017,766] was granted by the patent office on 1972-03-28 for container and joint therefor.
Invention is credited to Jerry C. Callan.
United States Patent |
3,651,975 |
Callan |
March 28, 1972 |
CONTAINER AND JOINT THEREFOR
Abstract
A container, preferably formed of glass for uses such as
aquariums and small animal housings, having panels interconnected
along joints formed by securing adjacent panel surfaces together
with a plastic adhesive fillet which forms securing corner
structure permitting substantial relative movement between the
panels while maintaining the fluid tight integrity of the
joints.
Inventors: |
Callan; Jerry C. (Dallas,
TX) |
Family
ID: |
21784423 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/017,766 |
Filed: |
March 9, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
220/4.29; 47/69;
220/6; 403/265; 119/269; D30/101; 220/4.01; 220/665 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65D
13/02 (20130101); A01K 63/003 (20130101); Y10T
403/47 (20150115) |
Current International
Class: |
B65D
13/00 (20060101); B65D 13/02 (20060101); B65d
013/02 (); B65d 064/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;220/4R,6,7,75,82R,80,315 ;119/5 ;217/15 ;264/261 ;312/140.3
;287/2.92R,2.92D,2.92Y,2.92J,2.92P,189.36R,189.36D,DIG.2
;16/DIG.13,128 ;52/582,250,631,632 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
855,140 |
|
Nov 1960 |
|
GB |
|
1,489,411 |
|
Jun 1967 |
|
FR |
|
1,025,470 |
|
Apr 1966 |
|
GB |
|
Primary Examiner: Lowrance; George E.
Claims
What is claimed and desired to be secured by Letters Patent is:
1. A container comprising: a plurality of transparent panel members
interconnected by joints along adjacent outwardly diverging
non-parallel edge surfaces of said panel members, each joint
including a transluscent room temperature vulcanizing plastic
adhesive fillet adhered to said adjacent edge surfaces of said
panels providing a structure between said surfaces whereby said
panels are secured together along said joints forming a water-tight
light transmitting seal between said panels along said joints and
permitting substantial relative movement between said panels along
said joints for compensating for irregularities in said adjacent
edge surfaces while retaining a water-tight condition along said
joints.
2. A container as defined in claim 1 wherein said panels are
glass.
3. A container as recited in claim 2 wherein said fillet comprises
an RTV type silicone.
4. A container as defined in claim 3 wherein the inside corner
edges of said adjacent panels along the joined adjacent edge
surfaces are in substantial engagement with each other.
5. A container as defined in claim 3 wherein the inside corner
edges along the joined edge surfaces of said adjacent panel edges
along said joint are spaced apart from each other.
6. A container as defined in claim 5 wherein the angle between the
inside planar surface of each pair of said joined panels is less
than 180.degree..
7. A container as defined in claim 3 wherein a bottom panel of said
container is removably secured along bottom edges of the side and
end panels of said container and is provided with a groove for
receiving said side and end panel bottom edges and said side and
end panels are foldable to a substantially flat relationship when
said bottom panel is removed.
8. A joint for interconnecting adjacent structural panels along
non-parallel outwardly divergent adjacent edge surfaces on said
panels comprising a fillet formed of an RTV silicone of a
light-transmitting type along said adjacent edge surfaces of said
panels adhering to said surfaces providing a transluscent
structural fillet filler between said surfaces whereby said panels
are joined with substantial relative movement permitted between
said panels to compensate for irregularities in said adjacent edge
surfaces.
9. A joint as defined in claim 8 wherein said adjacent edge
surfaces of said panels are disposed in a non-parallel spaced
relationship.
Description
This invention relates to containers and more particularly to
containers comprising a plurality of panels and joints
interconnecting said panels.
Containers which function as aquariums and as cages for small
animals, particularly made of glass, are generally formed by a
plurality of glass panels interconnected by lap joints comprising
cemented adjacent pairs of overlapping surfaces which may or may
not be further reinforced by inner and/or outer corner angle
members or overlapping strips. While such joints when properly
formed are both strong and liquid tight, they do require a degree
of precision in fitting the adjacent surfaces. Also, the
overlapping relationship of the panels at the joints often requires
the use of non-standard glass panels sizes as one panel overlaps
the adjoined panel by the thickness of the adjoined panel.
Additionally, the nature of such joints provides minimum
flexibility between connected panels so that containers so
constructed are fairly easily broken, can tolerate only a minimum
of mishandling in packing and shipping, and require special care in
being protected against damaging blows during handling.
It is a particularly important object of the invention to provide a
new and improved container and joint therefor.
It is another object of the invention to provide a new and improved
joint for connecting panels, particularly glass panels, for forming
a structure such as a container.
It is another object of the invention to provide a container and
joint therefor which permits use of standard glass size panels.
It is another object of the invention to provide a new and improved
apparatus of the character described which permits maximum
dimension and finish tolerance in the panels comprising the
apparatus.
It is another object of the invention to provide apparatus of the
character described which permits substantial relative movement
between joined panels.
It is another object of the invention to provide apparatus of the
character described which permits ready construction of random
shapes without special forming of joined edges of panels.
It is another object of the invention to provide apparatus of the
character described which in one modified form is foldable to a
substantially flat form for shipping and storage.
It is another object of the invention to provide apparatus of the
character described which provides improved optical
characteristics.
It is another object of the invention to provide apparatus of the
character described wherein joint damage is somewhat self
repairable.
It is another object of the invention to provide a new and improved
joint including a plastic adhesive fillet securing adjacent pairs
of edge surfaces and forming a portion of the corner structure of
the joint.
It is another object of the invention to provide a joint of the
character described which may be assembled and cured at room
temperature.
These and still further objects of the invention will be readily
apparent from reading the following description taken in
conjunction with the drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 is a fragmentary view in section of a joint constructed in
accordance with the invention taken along the line 1--1 of FIG.
2;
FIG. 2 is a view in perspective of a rectangular form of container
constructed in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary enlarged view in section of a joint of a
hexagon shaped container taken along the line 3--3 of FIG. 4;
FIG. 4 is a view in perspective of a hexagon shaped container
constructed in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged fragmentary view in perspective illustrating
the folding feature of a joint constructed in accordance with the
invention; and
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a modified foldable form of tank
embodying the invention.
Referring to FIG. 2, a rectangular tank 10 assembled in accordance
with the invention includes a pair of identical side panels 11,
identical end panels 12, and a rectangular bottom panel 13. The
side and end panels are interconnected with each other and are
secured with the bottom panel 11 by joints such as the joint 14
illustrated in enlarged detail in FIG. 1. The joint 14 is formed by
interconnecting the adjacent vertical edge surfaces 11a and 12a of
the panels 11 and 12, respectively, by a plastic adhesive fillet 15
which generally cures to provide a somewhat concave outer surface
15a. In the particular form of the joint illustrated, the inner
corner edges 11b and 12b of the panels 11 and 12 are not actually
engaged with each other but rather are spaced slightly apart so
that a narrow bead of the fillet 15 is disposed along the entire
length of the joint between the panels along the corner edges. The
fillet 15 adheres to the pair of vertical edge surfaces 11a and 12a
of the panels forming a water tight seam with each panel edge and
also provides corner structure in the outwardly opening triangular
space defined between the panel edges. Normally, of course, this
space does not exist in such a structure because of the use of
either a lap joint or a joint where the adjoining panels are
mitered so that the outer surfaces as well as the inner surfaces of
the panels extend together in a planer relationship which in the
container 10 would be at 90.degree. angles with each other. If
desired, and still within the concept of the invention, the panels
11 and 12 may engage along only their inner corner edges 11b and
12b, respectively, though slightly more flexibility and panel size
tolerance is permitted where the panels are slightly spaced apart
as shown in FIG. 1.
The material comprising the fillet 15 of the joint 14 is a
non-porous plastic adhesive referred to commercially by terminology
RTV (room temperature vulcanizing). The material is commercially
available and is a member of the silicone rubber family having an
adhesive capability permitting it to seal with glass surfaces
sufficiently to withstand the normal pressure of water as in an
aquarium. It is a nontoxic material which is safe for use with
fish, small animals and the like. In more specific technology, the
RTV material comprises silicones which are semi-inorganic polymers
made up of a skeleton structure of alternate silicone and oxygen
atoms with various inorganic groups attached. They are considered
as thermo-resins. While these materials do not possess the
mechanical strength for withstanding forces for some structural
purposes, they are more than adequate for forming the types of
joints contemplated by the invention. The commercially available
silicones of the type under consideration vary in their curing
temperatures from room temperature to about 250.degree. F. The
particular materials used for the present application are those
which actually cure at or near normal room temperatures thereby
greatly simplifying fabrication procedures. Ideally, and
preferably, the silicones desired for the present application are
those which cure at about 95.degree. F. and about 95.degree.
humidity with the curing being more directly effected by moisure
content rather than air temperature. These materials also have good
low temperature properties.
In the fabrication of a glass tank as illustrated in FIG. 2, the
side and end panels are first supported in the rectangular
relationship shown by any suitable jig form of supporting means,
not shown, which holds the panels at 90.degree. relationship with
each adjacent panel and maintains the top and bottom edges
respectively of the panels in substantial alignment with each
other. The inside corner vertical edges of the panels, such as
edges 11b and 12b, may be supported in engagement with each other,
or such edges may be slightly spaced apart as illustrated in FIG.
1. Preliminary to placing the glass panels in the fabrication jig,
the edge surfaces, such as 11a and 12a, are sanded to better
prepare the surfaces for the adhesive. The surface is then cleaned
with a paint thinner or turpentine. With the panels supported by
the jig in rectangular relationship shown, the adhesive is then
applied along each seam or joint between panels to form the fillet
15. The adhesive is available in tubes which may be used with a
caulking gun, and thus the preferable manner of applying the
adhesive is with a caulking gun so that it may be expelled in a
continuous small stream or bead along the adjacent edge surfaces
forming each corner of the tank. Immediately after application of
the adhesive with the caulking gun, the fillet is rough and
ill-formed with many irregularities. The fabricator moistens his
finger with thinner and runs it along the outer surface of the
fillet to mold the fillet to substantially the shape shown in FIG.
1. The thinner permits a very smooth exposed surface 15a to be
prepared along the length of the fillet. The major portion of the
adhesive remains between the surfaces 11a and 12a and does not
spill into the inside of the tank past the inner corner edges 11b
and 12b. Any of the adhesive which does squeeze inwardly between
the panel corner edges is readily removed by use of the thinner.
The bottom panel 13 is supported in the proper position and secured
to the end and side panels as illustrated in FIG. 2 at the time of
the fabrication of the inside panels or at a later time, as
desired. The same type joint as in FIG. 1 may be used between the
bottom panel and the side and end panels. As explained hereinafter,
in the form of the tank shown in FIG. 6 the bottom is not initially
secured with the side and end panels.
The various panels forming the container are held by the jig for a
period of about 3 hours after which the jig may be removed. The
containers are then cured under normal room conditions for a period
of about 21 days to provide maximum strength joints with the
flexibility desired.
The particular technique and joint used in fabricating the tank 10
is also especially suited to shapes such as the hexagon tank shown
in FIG. 4 which may be formed without special glass panel
preparation due to the novel features of the joint between the
panels. Referring to FIG. 2, a tank 20 is formed of six rectangular
panels 21 interconnected by joints embodying the invention as
illustrated in FIG. 3. The bottom panel 23 does, of course, require
special preparation, depending upon the shape defined by the
several panels forming the tank. The panels are held together by a
jig, not shown, while each fillet 25 is applied along the space
between the angularly spaced outside panel edge surfaces 21a as in
FIG. 3. The fillet is applied and finished in the same manner as
the joint 15 previously described. The particularly desirable
feature of the joint in the irregularly shaped containers is the
capability of the fillet material to fill the space between the
panel edges and firmly flexibly adhere the panels together so that
a joint is formable irrespective of the angle between the panels
edges 21a. It will be obvious that with any other form of
construction, irregular shapes such as the hexagon container would
require difficult precise edge shaping since a mitered joint would
be required, a lap joint being impossible due to the fact that the
panels do not come together at a 90.degree. angle. Thus,
irrespective of the angle between the panels forming the container,
the adhesive may be applied to form a joint such as the joint
22.
After a joint embodying the invention has properly cured, it may be
manipulated substantially without damage to the joint or affecting
its utility. This is illustrated in FIG. 5 which shows the joint 14
folded by revolving the panel 11 about the fillet 15 into a laminer
relationship with the panel 12. The fillet 15 forming the joint is
stretched laterally as illustrated because in folding the panels 11
and 12 together, the panel edges 11a and 12a to which the fillet is
adhered revolve away from each other until they are in
substantially the same plane. The joint 14 may also be manipulated
by folding the panels 11 and 12 apart or away from each other about
the connecting fillet 15 until the panels are lying in the same
plane which distorts the joint compressing the central body portion
of the fillet as the panel edges 11a and 12a are brought toward
each other into a parallel spaced relationship and the corner edges
11b and 12b are moved slightly apart in the outwardly folding
process.
The capacity of the joints to allow the jointed panels to be either
folded together or to be folded away from each other into a common
plane permits the fabrication of a container 30 as represented in
FIG. 6. The tank 30 includes the side panel 11 and the end panels
12 secured together by joints 14 as previously described. The
container 30 also has a bottom panel 31 formed of a substantially
rigid, somewhat flexible, plastic, such as urethane, which has a
rectangular groove 32 cut into its top surface. The groove 32 is
square in cross-section and slightly undersized in width relative
to the thickness of the panels 11 and 12. The peripheral dimensions
of the groove are substantially the same as the dimensions of the
rectangle formed by the panels 11 and 12 so that the bottom edge
portions of the structure formed by the panels 11 and 12 are
inserted into the groove 32 whereby the groove forms the bottom of
the container. Depending upon the tightness with which the panel
fit in the groove, additional sealer or adhesive may, or may not,
be necessary along the surfaces of the panels engaged in the groove
to prevent water leakage between the bottom and the panels. The
particular advantage of the structure shown in FIG. 6, which is
also adaptable to the other shapes of containers formable with the
joint, such as that shown in FIG. 4, is that the interconnected
panels 11 and 12 may be folded substantially flat for shipping and
storage with final assembly of the container being accomplished at
the time of use, or display for sale, or the like. Specifically,
the portion of the structure comprising the interconnected panels
11 and 12 is fabricated as previously described without, however,
securing a bottom panel to the side and end panels. After the
corner joints 14 have properly cured, the assembled side and end
panel structure is folded to a two-panel thickness. One manner of
folding the structure shown in FIG. 6 involves placing the side
panel 11 near the reader on a flat surface and firmly pressing the
other panel 11 downwardly toward the bottom panel 11 thereby
folding the lower left and upper right joints 14 together in the
relationship shown in FIG. 5. Obviously, the other corner joints
comprising the upper left corner and lower right corner shown in
FIG. 6 are spread or folded apart. The end result is a folded
structure with one panel 11 and one adjacent end panel 12 aligned
in one plane and the other panels 11 and 12 aligned in another
plane immediately on top with the total folded structure being two
panels in thickness and of a length equal to the sum of one side
panel and one end panel. The folded structure is stored and shipped
in this manner. At the time of final assembly, the panel structure
is then folded outwardly or expanded back to its rectangular shape
and the structure is then inserted into the groove 32 of the bottom
panel 31. It will be obvious that the hexagon type of FIG. 4,
similarly, may be folded in flat relationship with three of the
panels 21 lying in one plane and their interconnected joints folded
outwardly, and three of the other three panels lying in a common
plane in layered relationship on the first three panels with their
interconnecting joints also folded outwardly while the two end
joints connecting the two layered sets of panels being folded
together to the relationship of FIG. 5.
Tanks fabricated as described above utilizing the new and improved
joint according to the invention, have particularly desirable
optical characteristics in that each corner joint tends to blend
with the panels themselves to an extent that the joint is not so
obvious as a conventional lap or butt joint. The joint is not
invisible because the adhesive does have somewhat different optical
characteristics and is not as completely transparent as glass, but
the presence of the joint is not as obvious and does not contrast
to such an extent with the joint panel as conventional joints. The
containers may be used as aquariums due to their water tight
characteristics, or they may be used simply as housings for small
animals. The self-sealing characteristics of the adhesive forming
each of the corner joints causes the joints to be essentially
self-repairing in the event of minor damage to them. For example,
the pin may be inserted through the fillet and upon being withdrawn
the adhesive will flow back together effectively sealing the hole
against water leakage. The seam has the extreme flexibility
illustrated by the fold shown in FIG. 5. Substantial tolerance is
permitted in the finish of the panel edges which are secured
together and maximum flexibility is permitted between the panels
without affecting the integrity of the joint so that breakage due
to inflexible joints is minimized and shipping and storage problems
are to a great extent eliminated. The containers are fabricated
without the use of special treating apparatus due to the room
temperature curing characteristics of the resins employed as the
adhesive forming the essential component of the joint. It will be
recognized that the joint is especially useful and effective when
the panels are made of glass because of the capability of the joint
to compensate for the inflexibility of glass. It will also be
recognized, however, that joints in accordance with the invention
may also be used where the panels are formed of plastic sheet
material which does not necessitate the joint flexibility to
compensate for breakage as required by glass but the folding
capability of the joints can be taken advantage of. It will also be
evident that while only two geometric shapes have been illustrated
and described, many other regular and irregular shapes may be
formed from standard size panels having standard 90.degree. edges
as the joint is capable of interconnecting panels lying at any
relative angles to each other irrespective of the alignment of the
edge surfaces. The adhesive forming the joints provides structure
between the secured edges and adheres with the required degree of
rigidity and tightness to the edge surfaces.
* * * * *