U.S. patent number 3,651,782 [Application Number 04/854,600] was granted by the patent office on 1972-03-28 for liquid development apparatus.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Eastman Kodak Company. Invention is credited to William A. MacDonald, Jr..
United States Patent |
3,651,782 |
MacDonald, Jr. |
March 28, 1972 |
LIQUID DEVELOPMENT APPARATUS
Abstract
A liquid developing station is provided in a copying device for
developing electrostatic images on receivers in a manner such that
distribution of developing liquid across the receiver is very
uniform. A liquid reservoir for the development liquid is provided
which is adapted to receive separate containers for supplying
additional carrier or developing liquid and toner particles. The
liquid is dispensed directly into the reservoir by inserting a
container thereof into a first receptacle in the top of the
reservoir. Toner particles are supplied in an aerosol can which may
be positioned in a second receptacle with the nozzle thereof
adjacent an inlet to a liquid pump within the reservoir. To add
toner, the operator may energize a circuit which upon the next
operation of the copying device will cause the aerosol can to
dispense a measured quantity of toner particles into the pump inlet
so that it is immediately circulated and mixed in the developing
liquid for the next print. After each print cycle, developing
liquid quickly drains from the developing station into the
reservoir.
Inventors: |
MacDonald, Jr.; William A.
(Rochester, NY) |
Assignee: |
Eastman Kodak Company
(Rochester, NY)
|
Family
ID: |
25319126 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/854,600 |
Filed: |
September 2, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
137/205.5;
118/429; 118/694; 399/238 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G03G
15/104 (20130101); G03G 15/108 (20130101); Y10T
137/3112 (20150401) |
Current International
Class: |
G03G
15/10 (20060101); B05c 003/02 (); B05b 005/02 ();
G03g 015/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;118/411,429,637,216,313,DIG.23,429 ;117/17.5,37LX ;95/1A
;355/3 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Kee Chi; James
Claims
I claim:
1. A liquid toner supply station for use in electrophotographic
apparatus for supplying toner to a developing station, said supply
station comprising:
a reservoir for containing a body of liquid developer;
a pump, having an inlet in said reservoir and being cyclically
operable for pumping development liquid from said reservoir to the
developing station;
first support means for receiving a container of developing liquid
for replenishing developing liquid in said reservoir and including
means defining a developing liquid passage from a received
container into said reservoir;
second support means for receiving a container of toner and
including means defining a toner passage from a received toner
container into said reservoir;
shroud means, extending from said toner passage to said pump inlet,
for limiting dispersion of toner during movement from said toner
passage into said pump inlet;
means for dispensing toner from a received toner container;
means for selectively signalling actuation of said dispensing
means; and
control means for delaying a signalled actuation of said dispensing
means until the next operative cycle of said pump.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
Reference is made to my commonly assigned copending U.S. Pat.
application Ser. No. 29,742 filed Apr. 24, 1970.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to liquid development of electrostatic
images and more particularly to means for evenly distributing such
liquid and for replenishing the liquid and toner particles as they
are depleted.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In one conventional electrophotographic process, a receiver
material having a photoconductive coating thereon is charged, as by
a corona device, to provide a generally uniform electrostatic
charge thereon which is selectively dissipated by exposure to a
radiation pattern to form an electrostatic image. This image may
then be developed by passing the receiver sheet through a medium
containing toner particles having a charge thereon of opposite
polarity to the charge of the electrostatic image. Thus, the
particles are attracted to the receiver to form a visible toner
image which may be subsequently fused to make it permanent. The
development medium may be either a powder or a liquid. In the case
of liquid, the carrier liquid, such as Isopar contains toner
particles suspended therein.
These particles are selectively drawn out by the electrostatic
image on the receiver to form a toner image. As successive prints
are made, the toner particles become depleted from the liquid,
subsequently reducing the contrast of the prints being made. Also,
variations in contrast may exist if the liquid developer is not
evenly distributed across the surface of the receiver to assure
that all parts of the electrostatic image have substantially equal
access to the toner particles so that development will be complete
and uniform.
Various attempts have been made to accomplish uniform development.
These include spraying liquid against the receiver sheet; applying
liquid by means of rollers; and immersing the receiver in liquid.
However, each of these prior art methods has certain disadvantages.
If the developer liquid is sprayed, the spray must be carefully
controlled so that it does not get on unwanted parts of the copier.
Also, it is difficult to maintain an even spray from each orifice.
Application rollers may not be truly uniform, so that uneven
pressure is exerted against the receiver, resulting in uneven
application of developer. When the receiver is immersed in liquid
it tends to become saturated therewith and requires substantial
drying time before the print is ready for use. Other devices
provide a shallow pool through which the receiver is passed but
even distribution of developer liquid across the pool is difficult
to accomplish. Furthermore, developing liquid is often retained in
the developing station between print cycles, thereby increasing the
possibility of spillage due to bumping or jarring of the
printer.
In addition, prior art devices either do not provide means for
replacing developing liquid and toner particles or do so in such a
manner that the quality of prints varies over an undesirably wide
range. In most instances, it is inconvenient and difficult to
replace developer liquid, usually resulting in shutdown of the
entire machine and sometimes substantial disassembly must be
accomplished before additional liquid can be added. Attempts have
been made to replenish the depleted toner particles, such as shown
in U.S. Pat. No. 3,416,860 to Mihojevich et al. However, in this
device no convenient way is provided for replenishing carrier
liquid and toner concentrate is dispensed into a reservoir at an
opposite end thereof from the pump so that dispersion of the toner
particles through the liquid may take some time. Thus, additional
prints may be made which have low contrast even after the operator
has caused additional toner particles to be added.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The above enumerated problems are substantially overcome by the
present invention wherein a reservoir for developer liquid is
positioned to one side of a developing station. Developing liquid
is pumped from the reservoir by a pump through a manifold
arrangement at the developing station so that developer is spread
evenly across a receiver sheet as it passes through the developing
station. Between print cycles, the liquid in the developing station
is drained back into the reservoir. This substantially reduces the
possibility of spillage, should the printer be jarred or moved. In
addition, the reservoir is mounted for sliding movement along
tracks so that it may be withdrawn for replenishing the carrier
liquid and/or the toner particles. In this connection, the
reservoir is provided with two receptacles, one for receiving a
rupturable container of carrier liquid and the other for receiving
an aerosol can of toner particles. The receptacle for the carrier
liquid is provided with an impaling means which causes the liquid
in the container to immediately be dispensed into the reservoir,
but also includes valve means for discontinuing flow of liquid into
the reservoir if the level of the reservoir reaches a predetermined
height. The aerosol can may be activated periodically by means of a
solenoid which is energized in the first cycle of the machine
subsequent to the operator pressing a switch to indicate that more
toner is needed. The aerosol can dispenses concentrate toner
particles into a pump inlet so that toner is immediately available
for developing the next print.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be
apparent from the description which follows, taken in conjunction
with the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal offset section through the developing
station and replenishing station showing the developer path from
the reservoir to the developing station and how toner concentrate
and carrier liquid are added;
FIG. 2 is a fragmentary vertical section, taken along line 2--2 of
FIG. 1, showing flow of developing liquid into a manifold;
FIG. 3 is a partially exploded, perspective view of the developer
station showing the arrangement of the trays therein;
FIG. 4 is a diagrammatical circuit diagram illustrating a portion
of the circuitry used in connection with this invention;
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary, exploded, perspective view of a drain tray
and connecting parts to the replenishing station;
FIG. 6 is an exploded view of the manifold and developing tray used
in the developing station illustrated in FIGS. 1-3;
FIG. 7 is a fragmentary perspective view of a portion of the
replenishing station showing the manner in which the replenishing
station may be withdrawn for adding toner; and
FIG. 8 is a vertical section of an alternative developing station
which may be used in connection with this invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
In accordance with this invention, a receiver, such as receiver 10
of FIG. 1 having a photoconductive surface, is charged with an
electrostatic charge exposed to a radiation pattern to form an
electrostatic image and then fed image side down through developing
station D. The charging and exposure steps could take place in the
manner illustrated in my commonly assigned U.S. Pat. application
Ser. No. 829,615 to Clyde P. Glover entitled, "Charging Device" and
filed June 2, 1969, now abandoned.
Developing station D includes an upper arcuate tray 11 and a lower
arcuate tray 12 positioned to provide a passageway therebetween
through which receiver 10 is fed by drive rollers 13 and 14.
Developing liquid is fed into lower tray 12, in a manner to be
described, and evenly distributed across the receiver so that the
electrostatic image on the receiver attracts toner particles from
the developing liquid to create a toner image. As the receiver
leaves the developing station, it passes through a pair of squeegee
rollers 15 and 16 which remove excess developing liquid therefrom.
Conveniently, upper tray 11 includes an arcuate surface 17 and is
provided with a curved guard 18 which extends over squeegee roller
15 to prevent splashing of any developing liquid which may be
carried off of roller 15. In addition, tray 11 is provided with
lateral side walls 19 and diagonally extending ribs 21 which serve
to space receiver 10 from the bottom of surface 17 so that it does
not stick thereto. Conveniently, bottom tray 12 is provided with
arcuate bottom wall 22 having diagonally extending ribs 23 which
are conveniently spaced between ribs 21 as best seen in FIG. 2.
Ribs 23 serve to support the image side of receiver 10 should the
liquid in the developing station not be sufficient to do so.
Conveniently, the developing liquid is provided through a plurality
of slots 24 and extending between adjacent ribs. The liquid which
is pumped up through slots 24 spills over the leading and trailing
edge of bottom tray 12 into a drain tray 25 which has bottom walls
26 sloping toward an outlet 27 which is generally rectangular in
shape and is adapted to receive a sleeve 28 which will be described
more fully below. Conveniently, bottom tray 12 has a pair of
outwardly extending flanges 22' shown in FIG. 3, which engage
ledges 26', shown in FIG. 5, to support tray 12 over tray 25.
The developing liquid is supplied from a replenishing or liquid
supply station R which holds a supply of liquid developer 29 in a
generally box-like reservoir 30. Within reservoir 30 is a pump 31,
driven by a motor 32, which pump draws liquid from the reservoir
through inlet 33 and discharges it into a flexible tube or pipe 34.
This pipe extends around a pin 35 and terminates in a slidable
block 36 to which is connected a tube 37 extending into a central
hole 38 in sleeve 28. The liquid then passes through an angular
pipe 39 connected to manifold 40, as best seen in FIG. 6, having a
lower half 41 and upper half 42, the upper half being formed
integrally with bottom tray 12. Thus, the lower half 41 includes an
elongated passageway portion 43 communicating with a large enclosed
portion 44. Within portion 44 is a baffle 45 which deflects liquid
developer toward each end of the manifold. Lower half 41 mates with
upper half 42 so that a passageway portion 46 in upper half 42 is
aligned with passageway portion 43 to form a single passageway.
Also, upper half 42 includes a large portion 47 which cooperates
with portion 44 to form a large enclosure and includes a baffle 48
spaced further from the passageway than baffle 45 to further assist
in distribution of developing liquid across the manifold so that a
substantially equal amount flows evenly through slots 24. Pump 31
runs continuously throughout the print cycle so that developer
liquid is continuously pumped through slots 24 filling bottom tray
12 and overflowing the leading and trailing edges thereof whereupon
it falls into drain tray 25 and is drained through outer openings
49 in sleeve 28 back into reservoir 30. Thus, the space between
upper tray 11 and lower tray 12 is completely filled with liquid
and the flow of this liquid through the slots tends to support
receiver 10 above ribs 23 so that the image side thereof does not
actually touch the lower tray or the ribs at all under normal
operation. Advantageously, streaking of the image due to contact
with ribs 23 is minimized.
As seen in FIG. 4, a print cycle is initiated by depressing
normally open start switch 51 which is held in the closed position
by a time delay circuit 52 so that pump motor 32 runs continuously
for a predetermined length of time sufficient for a receiver sheet
to be charged, exposed and developed. After a print cycle is
completed, the toner in developer station D drains out through
slots 24 back into reservoir 30.
When the developer liquid 29 in reservoir 30 becomes depleted, a
float switch 54 will close a circuit to lamp 53, shown in FIG. 4,
so that the operator will know that additional developing fluid
should be added. To accomplish this, reservoir 30 may be slid out
of the machine, as along track 54, shown in FIGS. 1 and 7, so that
it is accessible outside of machine housing 55. Movement of
reservoir 30 is permitted by flexible tube 34 which moves from the
dotted line position shown in FIG. 7 to the solid line position
adjacent pin 35. To facilitate this, block 36 is frictionally
mounted between a pair of parallel guides 56 and 57. Conveniently,
reservoir 30 is provided with a top 58 having an elongated slot 59
covered by a slidable panel 60 which is movable within flanges 61
best seen in FIGS. 1 and 3. Conveniently, panel 60 is provided with
an opening 62, best seen in FIG. 5, through which sleeve 28
extends. Thus, when reservoir 30 is removed from the housing as by
sliding it along track 54 to the left, as viewed in FIGS. 1 and 7,
panel 60 will be caused to slide along top 58 so that the hose
connections may remain stationary.
Top 58 is provided with a first receptacle 63 for receiving a
rupturable bottle or container 64 of developing liquid and a second
receptacle 65 for receiving an aerosol can 66. When reservoir 30 is
withdrawn from housing 55 the receptacles are accessible so that
the developer container 64 and aerosol can 66 may be replaced. When
the operator notes that light 53 is lit due to depletion of the
developing liquid, reservoir 30 may be withdrawn and any empty
bottle 64 may be removed and a new one placed therein.
Conveniently, these containers or bottles are made of a rupturable
material, such as polyethelene, and may be urged downwardly in
receptacle 63 so that the end thereof is impaled by a piercing tube
67 to permit developing liquid in container 64 to be drained into
reservoir 30. After inserting the bottle the reservoir may be slid
back to its initial position in the machine, as shown in FIG. 1.
Conveniently, the piercing tube comprises an enlarged tubular end
68. End 68 is provided with a plurality of holes 69 through which
the fluid is dispersed from container 64 into reservoir 30. If
desired, a filter, not shown, may be provided in end 68 to prevent
lint from entering the reservoir. A float valve 71 is provided
within end 68 which closes off piercing tube 67 should be level of
fluid rise to a predetermined level, thereby preventing overflow of
the developing liquid.
Aerosol can 66 is provided with a metering nozzle 72 and is
supported by a flange 72' that rests against the bottom of
receptacle 65.
When it is noticed that the prints are losing their contrast,
switch 73, seen in FIG. 4, is closed by the operator to cause a
memory circuit 74 to momentarily energize solenoid 75 and the next
time copy button 51 is closed. As seen in FIG. 1, solenoid 75 is
connected to an arm 76, having an end which engages the bottom of
aerosol can 66 and which is pivoted about a pin 77 on housing 55.
Thus, upon energization of solenoid 75 the arm 76 will be rotated
in a counterclockwise direction as viewed in FIG. 1 causing can 66
to be depressed so that metering valve 72 discharges a measured
quantity of toner particles into the constricted space in reservoir
30 formed by a shroud 78. Thus, the toner particles are immediately
directed into inlet 33 of pump 31 which pumps them along with toner
liquid drawn into the shroud through an opening 79 so that a more
concentrated developing liquid is presented at the developing trays
for the very next print. After the momentary energization, solenoid
75 is returned to its initial position, as by coil spring 81 so
that the right hand end of arm 76 rests on stop pin 82 extending
from housing 55.
An alternative developer station D' is shown in FIG. 8 wherein
upper and lower trays 85 and 86, respectively, provide a path for
receiver sheet 10' to be fed therebetween, as by feed rollers 87
and 88. After development the excess developer liquid is removed
from the sheet by squeegee rollers 89 and 91. The development trays
are positioned within a drain tray 92 for returning the liquid to a
reservoir station. Conveniently, the development liquid is pumped
through an inlet 93 at the bottom of tray 86 and through a second
inlet 94 adjacent the leading end of tray 86. Developing liquid is
supplied to these inlets by pipes 95 and 96, respectively, from a
tee 97 attached to pump 98. Such as arrangement creates a waterfall
effect at inlet 94 since the developer liquid flows down the
arcuate surface of tray 86. However, rapid filling of the tray is
assured since liquid is also introduced through inlet 93. As the
tray fills, the liquid is discharged from tray 86 through a series
of openings 99 adjacent the leading end of the tray and then drains
through an inlet 100 of drain tray 92 and back into the reservoir.
At the end of a print cycle, liquid drains out through inlet 93
into the reservoir.
From the foregoing, the advantages of the present invention are
readily apparent. A developer station for developing an
electrostatic image is provided wherein even distribution of
developing liquid across a developer tray and hence across a
receiver sheet bearing the electrostatic image is assured. This is
accomplished in one embodiment by providing a manifold having a
series of baffles which cause the liquid to be distributed so that
it is introduced evenly through a series of slots across the bottom
of the tray. In another embodiment, liquid is introduced adjacent
the leading edge and at the bottom of the tray. Also, the
developing liquid and toner concentrate can easily be replaced in
the reservoir since the reservoir is conveniently removable from
the housing for selective insertion of a container of developing
liquid when the liquid level is low or for insertion of an aerosol
can containing concentrate toner particles when the toner supply is
low. During operation, when the operator notices the contrast of
the prints is no longer satisfactory, a button may be pressed to
energize a memory circuit so that during the next cycle of the
machine a solenoid is momentarily energized to discharge a metered
amount of toner particles from the aerosol can into an area
adjacent the inlet to the pump so that a developing liquid enriched
in toner particles is provided to the development station for the
very next print. Also, at the end of each cycle the developing
liquid is drained from the developing station thereby reducing the
possibility of spillage if the printer is moved or jarred.
The invention has been described in detail with particular
reference to preferred embodiments thereof, but it will be
understood that variations and modifications can be effected within
the spirit and scope of the invention.
* * * * *