U.S. patent number 3,651,352 [Application Number 05/096,771] was granted by the patent office on 1972-03-21 for oscillatory circuit for ultrasonic cleaning apparatus.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Branson Instruments, Incorporated. Invention is credited to William L. Puskas.
United States Patent |
3,651,352 |
Puskas |
March 21, 1972 |
OSCILLATORY CIRCUIT FOR ULTRASONIC CLEANING APPARATUS
Abstract
A high-efficient oscillatory circuit drives a piezoelectric
crystal (transducer) which is coupled to an ultrasonic cleaning
tank. The circuit includes a transistor switching means in the
driver side of the oscillator. The primary winding of the
transformer is coupled in parallel with a capacitor and forms a
circuit having a resonant frequency which is a multiple even
integer of the resonant frequency of the crystal which is coupled
to the transformer secondary winding.
Inventors: |
Puskas; William L. (Trumbull,
CT) |
Assignee: |
Branson Instruments,
Incorporated (Stamford, CT)
|
Family
ID: |
22258990 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/096,771 |
Filed: |
December 10, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
310/316.01;
134/1; 363/8; 331/155; 366/115 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B08B
3/12 (20130101); B06B 1/0253 (20130101); B06B
2201/71 (20130101); B06B 2201/55 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B06B
1/02 (20060101); B08B 3/12 (20060101); H01v
007/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;310/8,8.1,8.7,26
;259/1,72 ;331/73,116,154,158,155,160 ;318/118,129,130,131 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Miller; J. D.
Assistant Examiner: Reynolds; B. A.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An oscillatory circuit for an ultrasonic cleaning apparatus
comprising:
a transformer having a primary winding and a secondary winding;
a capacitance coupled in parallel with said primary winding;
a source of direct current and a switching means coupled serially
in circuit with said primary winding and parallel-coupled
capacitance for cyclically providing current flow from said source
through said winding;
said secondary winding coupled in parallel with an inductance and a
piezoelectric element, the latter forming a part of said cleaning
apparatus;
a further winding serving as a feedback means disposed on said
transformer coupled to said switching means to cause said cyclic
current flow, and
the combination of said primary winding and capacitance forming a
resonant circuit having a resonant frequency which is an even
integer multiple of the frequency of the oscillatory circuit
comprising said secondary winding, said inductance and
piezoelectric element.
2. An oscillatory circuit as set forth in claim 1, said primary
winding and capacitance in combination having a resonant frequency
which is four times higher than the resonant frequency determined
by the oscillatory circuit comprising said secondary winding, said
inductance and piezoelectric element.
3. An oscillatory circuit as set forth in claim 1, the combination
of said secondary winding, said inductance and piezoelectric
element being resonant at a frequency of at least 20 kHz.
4. An oscillatory circuit as set forth in claim 1, said switching
means being a transistor.
5. An oscillatory circuit as set forth in claim 1, said
piezoelectric element being a disk-type element coupled to an
exterior surface of an ultrasonic cleaning tank.
6. An oscillatory circuit as set forth in claim 1, said primary,
secondary and further windings being disposed on a toroidal
transformer core.
7. An oscillatory circuit for an ultrasonic cleaning apparatus,
said circuit comprising:
a driving portion which includes a source of direct current, a
switching means, a first transformer winding, and a capacitance
connected in parallel with said first winding so arranged that said
switching means is adapted to cyclically provide current flow from
said source through said winding;
a load portion which includes a second transformer winding
inductively coupled to said first winding, a piezoelectric
transducer, and an inductance coupled to said second winding and to
said transducer; and
said driving portion being dimensioned to exhibit when said
switching means inhibits current flow from said source to said
first winding a fundamental resonant frequency which is an even
integer multiple of the fundamental frequency of said
transducer.
8. An oscillatory circuit for an ultrasonic cleaning apparatus
comprising:
a transformer having a primary winding and a secondary winding;
the series combination of a capacitance and an inductance coupled
in parallel with said primary winding;
a source of direct current and a switching means coupled serially
in circuit with said primary winding and said parallel coupled
series combination for cyclically providing current flow from said
source through said winding;
said secondary winding coupled in parallel with an inductance and a
piezoelectric element, the latter forming a part of said cleaning
apparatus;
a further winding serving as a feedback means disposed on said
transformer coupled to said switching means to cause said cyclic
current flow, and
the combination of said primary winding and series combination
forming a resonant circuit having a resonant frequency which is an
even integer multiple of the frequency of the oscillatory circuit
comprising said secondary winding, said inductance and
piezoelectric element.
9. An oscillatory circuit as set forth in claim 8, said primary
winding and series combination coupled in parallel in combination
having a resonant frequency which is four times higher than the
resonant frequency determined by the oscillatory circuit comprising
said secondary winding, said inductance and piezoelectric
element.
10. An oscillatory circuit as set forth in claim 8, the combination
of said secondary winding, said inductance and piezoelectric
element being resonant at a frequency of at least 20 kHz.
11. An oscillatory circuit as set forth in claim 8, said switching
means being a transistor.
12. An oscillatory circuit as set forth in claim 8, said
piezoelectric element being a disk-type element coupled to an
exterior surface of an ultrasonic cleaning tank.
13. An oscillatory circuit as set forth in claim 8, said primary,
secondary and further windings being disposed on a toroidal
transformer core.
14. An oscillatory circuit as set forth in claim 8, and a
capacitance coupled in parallel with said piezoelectric
element.
15. An oscillatory circuit for an ultrasonic cleaning apparatus
comprising:
a driving circuit portion;
an output circuit portion which includes a transducer having a
predetermined resonant frequency;
means coupling said portions to each other, and
said driving circuit portion having a combination of circuit
elements adapted to be resonant at a frequency which is an even
integer multiple of said predetermined resonant frequency.
Description
The present invention refers to an oscillatory circuit for an
ultrasonic cleaning apparatus and, more specifically, has reference
to a simplified electronic circuit for driving an ultrasonic
cleaning apparatus, particularly, an ultrasonic cleaning apparatus
of the smaller type as used, for instance, in the laboratory,
jewelry repair shops, home workshop, and the like.
The electrical circuit disclosed hereafter is characterized, quite
specifically, by a high degree of efficiency, high reliability, by
relatively few components and is, therefore, relatively simple and
inexpensive as is a necessity when providing ultrasonic cleaning
apparatus of the type indicated heretofore. Moreover, the high
efficiency obtained is the result of a unique and novel circuit
arrangement which provides for the conservation of stored
energy.
The above indicated characteristics and advantages will be more
clearly apparent from the following detailed description when
considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in
which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the ultrasonic cleaning
apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an electrical circuit employed
embodying the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the wave shapes at certain points
in FIG. 2, and
FIG. 4 is a schematic electrical circuit diagram of a further
embodiment of the present invention.
Referring now to the figures, and FIG. 1 in particular, there is
shown a skirt or enclosure 12 which supports therein a metal tank
14 which is filled with a cleaning liquid 16. The skirt 12 rests on
a base 18 which is provided with a set of rubber feet 20.
A piezoelectric crystal 22, also called transducer, preferably of
disk-shape, is bonded by means of a layer of epoxy resin material
24 to the underside of the tank 14 for imparting ultrasonic energy
to the tank and to the cleaning liquid 16 in a manner that is well
understood by those skilled in the art. The crystal 22 is connected
by conductors 26 to an electronic circuit 28 which, in turn, by a
power cord 30 can be connected to a standard 115 volts AC, 60
-cycle, power line.
The cleaning tank and the piezoelectric crystal attached thereto
may take the form as shown for instance in U.S. Pat. No. 3,516,645
dated June 23, 1970 issued to J. P. Arndt et al., entitled
"Ultrasonic Cleaner".
The novel, high-efficient and simple electronic circuit for setting
the crystal 22 into resonance is shown in FIG. 2. The AC terminals
32 and 34 apply electrical power to a bridge-type rectifier 36
which is connected to a filter capacitor 38 in order to provide
direct current energy. A transformer 40, preferably having a
toroidal core, has a primary winding 42, a secondary winding 44,
and a feedback winding 46. The primary winding 42 is coupled in
parallel with a capacitor 43 and this parallel combination, forming
an oscillatory circuit, is connected to a switching transistor 50
which is cyclically rendered conductive by the signal provided by
the feedback winding 46. The capacitor 48 provides phase shift
correction and the resistor 49, rectifier 52 and resistor 66
provide the normal biasing potential.
The piezoelectric crystal 22 is connected in parallel with an
inductance 54 to the secondary transformer winding 44 and, thus,
the crystal 22, inductance 54 and winding 44 form a parallel
resonant circuit, causing the crystal to oscillate and impart the
ultrasonic energy to the cleaning liquid. In a typical example, the
crystal is selected to have a natural resonant frequency in the
range from 40 to 60 kHz. It should be understood, however, that
this frequency range is merely illustrative of a typical operating
condition and that other frequencies may be used as well.
The driving portion of the circuit, that is the primary winding 42,
the capacitor 43 and the reflected reactance, form an oscillatory
circuit and the capacitor 43 is selected to cause the resonant
frequency of this combination to be an even integer multiple of the
resonant frequency of the transducer or crystal 22. In a typical
example, the resonant frequency of the driving portion is four
times that of the parallel resonant circuit which includes the
piezoelectric crystal 22. Therefore, if the crystal is driven at
its resonant frequency of, let us say 45 kHz., the primary side is
tuned to exhibit a frequency of 180 kHz.
FIG. 3 shows the typical wave shapes which occur in the circuit per
FIG. 2. The line 60 shows the transistor 50 being cyclically
switched and when rendered conductive at time t.sub.l providing
current flow from the DC power supply through the primary winding
42 and transistor 50 to ground. As the current conduction through
the transistor ceases, time t.sub.o, the voltage across the
capacitor 43 rises, voltage B-A, and the winding 42 together with
the capacitor 43 and the reflected reactance of the other circuit
components form an oscillatory circuit which has a fundamental
frequency of four times the frequency of the oscillatory load
circuit portion which includes the transducer 22.
The salient advantage of the present arrangement is seen at the
time t.sub.l when the transistor is rendered conductive. The
voltage across the primary transformer winding points B-A has
reached a low state in its oscillation. As a result thereof, there
is a minimum amount of energy stored in the resonant circuit. At
this particular moment only this minimum amount of energy is
conducted to ground by the transistor 50. Further, during the time
interval in which the transistor is nonconductive, the
high-frequency oscillation across the primary winding of the
transformer is transferred to the load. These phenomena result, of
course, in a higher degree of efficiency than the heretofore used
circuits.
One further advantage of the present invention resides in the fact
the transformer 40, on account of the frequency on the primary side
of the circuit being higher than the frequency determined by the
resonance of the crystal 22, can be made smaller and, therefore, is
lighter and less expensive. Last but not least, since the electric
energy stored is a minimum at the time the transistor is rendered
conductive, current peaks during transistor switching are avoided
and the transistor reliability is greatly improved.
A further improvement is incorporated in the circuit shown in FIG.
4. The circuit shown is identical with that in FIG. 2 except for
the addition of inductance 62 and capacitor 64. The inductance 62
connected in series with the capacitor 43 delays momentarily the
onset of heavy current flow through the transistor, permitting the
transistor to attain its saturation level before heavy current is
conducted therethrough. This arrangement prevents undue power
dissipation by the transistor. Energy not dissipated in the
transistor remains stored in the capacitor 38, thus contributing to
greater efficiency. Because of the reduced stress on the
transistor, the above circuit has been used successfully, for
instance, to drive two transducers 22 with a single transistor
50.
The circuit per FIG. 4 shows a further improvement. A common cause
of circuit defect is attributable to a failure of the transducer 22
caused, for instance, by cracking of the ceramic disk, conductor
lead breakage, etc. When the transducer 22 fails in the circuit per
FIG. 2, there no longer exists a parallel resonant circuit at the
output side and, hence, the oscillations cease. Resistor 66 biases
the transistor in the conductive condition and the collector
current I.sub.C increases until the transistor 50 is destroyed. The
parallel capacitor 64 added in FIG. 4 sustains the circuit in a
higher frequency oscillatory mode when the transducer 22 fails.
Hence, a transducer failure will no longer result in an electrical
circuit failure.
* * * * *