U.S. patent number 3,650,831 [Application Number 04/805,797] was granted by the patent office on 1972-03-21 for method of cleaning surfaces.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Armour-Dial, Inc.. Invention is credited to Armando Carlo, Aaron B. Herrick, Eric Jungermann.
United States Patent |
3,650,831 |
Jungermann , et al. |
March 21, 1972 |
METHOD OF CLEANING SURFACES
Abstract
A method of removing deposits of soil from surfaces, which
comprises applying to said surfaces a caustic alkali including an
acid-base color indicator, and applying an aqueous solution which
is sufficiently acidic to substantially neutralize the caustic and
visibly change the color of the caustic. The method has particular
efficacy for the cleaning of the interior surfaces of ovens and
similar surfaces.
Inventors: |
Jungermann; Eric (Chicago,
IL), Herrick; Aaron B. (La Grange, IL), Carlo;
Armando (Chicago, IL) |
Assignee: |
Armour-Dial, Inc. (Chicago,
IL)
|
Family
ID: |
25192535 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/805,797 |
Filed: |
March 10, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
134/27; 436/163;
510/197; 134/40 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C11D
3/40 (20130101); C11D 3/0057 (20130101); C11D
7/06 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
C11D
3/40 (20060101); C11D 7/06 (20060101); C11D
7/02 (20060101); C11D 3/00 (20060101); B08b
003/08 () |
Field of
Search: |
;134/27,28,29,22,40
;252/408,103,156 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Scovronek; Joseph
Assistant Examiner: Millman; D. G.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. The method of removing deposits of soil from surfaces which
comprises applying to said surfaces a caustic alkali having about 5
percent or more of free hydroxyl, said caustic containing an
acid-base indicator that changes color at a pH between about 4 and
11; and applying an aqueous acidic solution to substantially
neutralize the caustic.
2. The method of removing deposits of soils from surfaces which
comprises applying to said surfaces a caustic alkali having about 5
percent of more of free hydroxyl; applying an aqueous acidic
solution containing an acid-base indicator that changes color at pH
between about 4 and 11 to substantially neutralize the caustic.
3. The method of removing deposits of calcined food soils from
surfaces, which comprises applying to said surfaces a highly
caustic foam having about 5 percent or more of free hydroxyl and
containing an amount of an acid-base indicator that will produce a
color change at a pH of about 4 to about 11; and then applying an
aqueous acidic solution to substantially neutralize the caustic
foam to produce a change in color of said foam.
4. The method of removing deposits of calcined food soils from
surfaces which comprises applying to said surfaces an alkaline
material containing a caustic alkali having about 5 percent or more
of free hydroxyl and an acid-base indicator that produces a color
change at a pH of about 4 to about 11; and then applying an aqueous
solution which is sufficiently acidic to substantially neutralize
the alkaline material and to change the color of the alkaline
material.
5. The method of claim 4 in which said acid-base indicator is
selected from the group consisting of phenolphthalein,
thymolphthalein, brilliant yellow, meta cresol purple, thymol blue,
neutral red, phenol red, methyl red, paranitro phenol and
bromthymol blue.
Description
This invention relates to a method of cleaning deposits of soils
from surfaces, for example, the interior surfaces of ovens and the
like.
The cleaning of the interior surfaces of household cooking ovens is
a difficult, tedious, and lengthy chore. A widely used oven cleaner
is the spread-on, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide
formulations that are messy to apply and must be handled with care
as the highly caustic material is capable of injuring the user.
MOre recently, aerosol oven cleaners having a considerably lower
concentration of alkali and containing a nonionic or ionic
detergent with a solvent such as water or alcohol have appeared.
However, they are generally not as effective as the higher caustic
content cleaners, although safer to use than the highly caustic
formulas.
In accordance with the present invention a method is provided for
removing deposits of soils from surfaces by applying to such
surfaces a caustic, an acid-base color indicator, and thereafter
applying an aqueous acidic solution to substantially neutralize the
caustic, such as to a pH between about 4 and 10.5. When the caustic
has been substantially neutralized, a color change takes place due
to the presence of the acid-base color indicator thereby indicating
to the user that the surface can be wiped clean without the need of
rubber gloves or the worry of skin irritation. In a preferred
embodiment, the method comprises applying to such surfaces a
caustic alkali foam containing an acid-base color indicator, and
then applying sufficient aqueous acidic solution to the surface so
as to substantially neutralize the caustic and to effect a change
in color of the caustic. In the alternative the acid-base indicator
may be included in the aqueous acidic solution or may be applied
apart from either the caustic or the acid.
We prefer that the caustic cleaner be in the form of a highly
caustic alkali foam that is dispensed from an aerosol can. The
caustic foam is left on the surface long enough to do its job,
generally about 20-30 minutes in the case of ovens. The
concentration of caustic used as percent free hydroxyl may be from
about 5 percent to about 10 percent or more, preferably about 7- 8
percent. Any strong caustic alkali may be used, such as sodium
hydroxide or potassium hydroxide or mixtures thereof. It may be in
the form of a water solution, and it is preferable that a
surfactant or combination of surfactants be employed to impart
foaming characteristics. The surfactant may be either anionic or
nonionic, including but not restricted to anionic surfactants such
as alkyl aryl sulfonates, alcohol or fatty acid sulfonates or ether
sulfates, alkyl amide or ester sulfonates, and fatty acid glycerol
ester sulfates or ether sulfonates; and nonionic surfactants such
as ethoxylated alcohols and alkylphenols, alkyanolamides, and block
copolymers of ethylene and propylene glycol. In addition a suitable
potassium or sodium soap may optionally be added and may consist of
various combinations of tallow, cocoa, red oil, tall oil, stearic
and oleic fatty acids. A small amount of hexylene or propylene
glycol may be added as a solubilizer; and various other ingredients
may be added for their known effects such as sodium carboxy methyl
cellulose or starch as thickening agents to aid foam adherence to
the surface, and water soluble silicones as foam boosters and soil
release agents. An example of a preferred caustic foam cleaner to
be dispensed from an aerosol container is:
Ingredient % by weight
__________________________________________________________________________
45% Potassium hydroxide 19.1% Stearic acid 0.5 Oleic acid 4.8
Hexylene glycol 4.0 Acid-base indicator 0.2 Water 71.4 Total 100.0%
__________________________________________________________________________
Preferably 90- 60 percent proportion of the above preferred cleaner
is added, to an aerosol container along with 4- 10 percent of a
liquefied propellant for example fluorocarbons such as Freon 12 or
Freon 114 or mixtures thereof or known hydrocarbon propellants.
The neutralizer should be sufficiently acidic to reduce the
alkalinity of the caustic to a relatively safe level. Suitable
active ingredients include any generally weak acid or acid salt,
and the following are preferred: sodium dihydrogen phosphate,
citric acid, hemi sodium phosphate, carbamide phosphoric acid,
gluconic acid, ethylene diamine tetracetic acid, phosphoric acid,
and any appropriate combinations thereof. Other acids such as
dilute mineral acids may be used but generally in low concentration
or very dilute form. The acid is preferably present in about
10.sup.-3 to 10.sup.-6 moles per liter hydrogen ion concentration;
but this is widely variable since merely more of lower
concentrations and less of higher concentrations will be used to
substantially neutralize the caustic. An example of a preferred
neutralizer to be dispensed from an aerosol container is:
Ingredient % by weight
__________________________________________________________________________
Sodium dihydrogen phosphate 35% Water 55% Freon 114 5% Freon 12 5%
Total 100%
__________________________________________________________________________
It is preferred to add a defoamer to aid in the penetration of the
acid or acid salt into the caustic foam. In the alternative the
incorporation of a soap in the first stage aids in defoaming by the
neutralizer acting to convert the soap to a fatty acid.
Suitable acid-base indicators include any that effect a color or
change or color at a pH of between about 4 and about 11 and include
but are not restricted to phenolphthalein, thymolphthalein,
brilliant yellow, thymol blue, cresol purple, neutral red, phenol
red, bromthymol blue, chlorphenol red, methyl red, bromcresol
green, and alizarine yellow. The acid-base indicator may be added
to the first stage formulation, thereby visibly coloring the
caustic foam i.e., phenolphthalein in about 0.2 percent by weight
concentration will produce a red foam in the above described
specific preferred caustic, thymolphthalein will produce blue,
brilliant yellow will produce orange, and meta cresol purple will
produce purple. After the caustic has been applied and allowed
sufficient time to work, the second stage neutralizer would be
sprayed on prior to wiping. The neutralizer renders the caustic
safe and the safe level is indicated by a change in color of the
foam. Thus when a caustic foam that includes phenolphthalein is
sprayed on the surface to be cleaned a red color is developed. When
the neutralizer is applied the color disappears as the foam is
substantially neutralized. Thymolphthalein indicator would also
turn colorless, brilliant yellow indicator would become yellow and
meta cresol purple would also become yellow. Bromthymol blue will
change from blue to yellow and neutral red from light brown to
red.
Although the compositions of the present invention may be applied
by brushing or daubing, they are preferably applied from two
separate aerosol cans and/or spray bottles. As a further
alternative the two formulations may be applied via separate
nozzles of a compartmentalized aerosol or via separable bottle
aerosol nozzle and propellant combinations, and like means.
This invention is still further illustrated by specific examples,
which are not to be construed as composition limitations upon the
scope thereof.
EXAMPLE I
Exemplary caustic formulations were prepared as set forth in Table
I. Each of the formulations was added to an aerosol container,
using about 90- 96 percent of the formulation and about 4- 10
percent of a suitable propellant such as dichloro difluoromethane
(Freon 12), tetrafluoro dichloro ethane (Freon 114), pentafluoro
monochloro ethane (Freon 115), trifluoro trichloro ethane (Freon
113) cyclic hexafluoro dichloro butane (Freon C 316),
octafluoropropane (Freon 218), cyclic octafluoro butane (Freon C
318), propane, butane, pentane, isobutane, hexane, eptane, octane,
nonane and decane, or mixtures thereof.
A preferred acidic formulation was prepared as set forth
hereinabove. It was packaged in a spray bottle and also in an
aerosol can propelled with carbon dioxide, nitrogen, nitrous oxide
or a combination of Freon 12, Freon 11 and Freon 114.
The examples set forth in Table I were sprayed upon standard soiled
panels. The panels had vitreous porcelain surfaces and the soil
resulted from deposits of general organic food constituents,
including butter, that had been subjected to about 350.degree.F.
heat for 30 minutes. All products formed good initial foams that
were evaluated for stability and adhesion after a 20-minute period.
The panels were then sprayed with the neutralizing formulation
until a change in color was observed. The foams then broke and the
substantially neutralized residues were wiped off the panels with a
cloth. No burns or skin irritation occurred. Where heavy spots of
soil deposit remained, the panel was treated a second time. All
soil was removed. ##SPC1##
While this invention has been described with respect to specific
embodiments of the method of removing deposits of soils from
surfaces, such is by way of illustration and not in limitation; and
it is to be understood that variations and modifications thereof
obvious to those skilled in the art may be made without departing
from the spirit or scope of this invention.
* * * * *