U.S. patent number 3,650,129 [Application Number 05/087,967] was granted by the patent office on 1972-03-21 for article washing apparatus.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Whirlpool Corporation. Invention is credited to John F. Gebhard, Francis R. Scroop.
United States Patent |
3,650,129 |
Scroop , et al. |
March 21, 1972 |
ARTICLE WASHING APPARATUS
Abstract
An automatic article washing apparatus including a container for
washing liquid and the articles such as articles of clothing being
washed, liquid jet means in the container comprising a stacked
assembly of a plurality of bistable fluidic switch amplifier
elements each having a washing liquid supply port, an interaction
chamber receiving liquid from the port, first and second diverging
jet nozzle passages leading from each of the assembly of elements,
first and second differential fluid pressure control channels
leading to the interaction chamber and means for simultaneously
supplying liquid under pressure to all the supply ports and means
for providing differential fluid pressure to the first control
channels and to the second control channels with the result that
jets of liquid are projected selectively from the first jet nozzle
passages and the jet nozzle passages merely by altering the
differential fluid pressure conditions in the control channels.
Inventors: |
Scroop; Francis R.
(Albuquerque, NM), Gebhard; John F. (Stevensville, MI) |
Assignee: |
Whirlpool Corporation
(N/A)
|
Family
ID: |
22208324 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/087,967 |
Filed: |
November 9, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
68/23.5; 68/184;
68/18F; 137/818 |
Current CPC
Class: |
D06F
39/10 (20130101); D06F 37/308 (20130101); D06F
33/08 (20130101); D06F 17/04 (20130101); Y10T
137/2142 (20150401) |
Current International
Class: |
D06F
17/00 (20060101); D06F 17/04 (20060101); D06F
37/30 (20060101); D06F 33/00 (20060101); D06F
33/08 (20060101); D06F 39/00 (20060101); D06F
39/10 (20060101); D06f 017/04 (); D06f
023/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;137/81.5
;68/23.5,3.55,184 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Price; William I.
Claims
The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or
privilege is claimed are defined as follows:
1. An automatic article washing apparatus, comprising: a container
for washing liquid and said articles; liquid jet means in said
container comprising a stacked assembly of bistable fluidic switch
amplifier elements each having a washing liquid supply port, an
interaction chamber receiving liquid from said port, first and
second diverging jet nozzle passages leading from said chamber on
the side thereof to project jets of liquid from said element, first
and second differential fluid pressure control channels leading to
said interaction chamber; means for simultaneously supplying liquid
under pressure to said supply ports; and means for supplying
differential fluid pressure alternately to said first control
channels simultaneously and to said second control channels
simultaneously to provide a plurality of jets of said liquid
alternately from said first nozzle passages and from said second
nozzle passages.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the stacked assembly of
amplifier elements have all liquid supply ports interconnected, all
first control channels interconnected and all second control
channels interconnected for parallel fluid flow through said
respective ports and channels.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein successive elements in said
assembly of said jet passages empty from opposite edge portions of
the elements.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein each element in said stacked
assembly comprises a circular disk with both said first and second
nozzle passages emptying at the edge os the disk.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein each disk has opposite side
surfaces each containing an interaction chamber and first and
second diverging jet nozzle passages, the first and second nozzle
passages on one side of each disk extending in a direction opposite
to that of the first and second nozzle passages on the other side
of the disk.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein means are provided for
alternately closing said first and second channels while leaving
the others of the first and second channels open to atmosphere to
supply said differential pressure.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein each adjacent pair of elements
in said assembly are separated by a partition having openings
therethrough for said connecting of the liquid supply ports and the
fluid pressure control channels in successive disks.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein there are provided a sump,
means for directing liquid from said container into said sump and
means for pumping liquid under pressure from said sump to said
liquid supply ports of said stacked assembly of bistable fluidic
switch amplifier elements.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said container includes a spin
dry basket for said articles having spin imparting elements thereon
and means are provided for directing said liquid under pressure in
force applying contact with said elements in order to spin dry the
articles in the basket.
10. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein there are provided a sump,
means for directing liquid from said container into said sump and
means for pumping liquid under pressure from said sump selectively
to said liquid supply ports of said stacked assembly of bistable
fluidic switch amplifier elements and to said spin elements.
11. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein there are provided means for
creating a water curtain alternately across said first and second
diverging jet nozzle passages thereby to prevent the inspiration of
air into said interaction chamber.
12. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein said means for creating a
water curtain comprises means forming a double bend in each of aid
jet nozzle passages.
Description
One of the features of this invention is to provide an automatic
article washing apparatus in which substantially the only moving
parts are means for supplying washing liquid to a stacked assembly
of bistable fluidic switch amplifier elements and means for
changing the differential fluid pressure in a plurality of control
channels in each element so that jets of liquid will be projected
from different parts of the elements depending upon the application
of the differential fluid pressure.
Other features and advantages of the invention will be apparent
from the following description of certain embodiments thereof as
shown in the accompanying drawings. Of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an automatic laundry apparatus
embodying the invention.
FIG. 2 is a plan view of one embodiment of a bistable fluidic
switch amplifier element used in the invention.
FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of the stacked assembly of
elements but showing only two of a group of 12 elements used in
this embodiment and only one dividing partition which is used
between each adjacent pair of elements.
FIG. 4 is an enlarged fragmentary plan view of a portion of an
element embodying the invention.
FIG. 5 is an enlarged fragmentary diagrammatic view of a portion of
the structure of FIG. 1 but showing the control valve in the
opposite position from its position in FIG. 1.
The automatic article washing apparatus embodying the invention as
shown in FIG. 1 is a clothes washing and spin dry automatic washer
10 having in its top a perforated spin basket 11 and in its bottom
a liquid sump 12. This basket 11 is mounted for rotation on a base
13 within the liquid containing chamber 14 that is normally closed
by a removable cover 15.
Located substantially centrally of the basket 11 and thus of the
liquid containing chamber 14 is a liquid jet means in the form of a
stacked assembly 16 of bistable fluidic switch amplifier elements
17 of disk shape of which in the FIG. 3 embodiment 12 are used but
only two are shown as all 12 are alike. Each pair of adjacent
elements 17 is separated by a partition 18 which is in the form of
a thinner disk than the elements 17. Each of the elements 17 and
disks 18 are circular with substantially the same diameter.
The assembled elements and disks are topped by an air transfer cap
19 and the assembly is provided on its bottom with a plenum base 20
through which washing liquid is supplied to the assembly 16. This
base is utilized for efficient and even liquid supply and
distribution to the assembly of elements.
The entire assembly of elements 17, partitions 18, cap 19 and base
20 is held together by a plurality of draw bolts here shown as two.
These bolts 21 extend through aligned holes 22 in the cap 19, holes
23 in the elements 17 and holes 24 in the separating partitions 18
and into the base 20.
The stacked assembly 16 is supplied with washing liquid under
pressure by way of tube 25 extending upwardly into the plenum
chamber 26 in the base 20. From this chamber 26 the liquid flows
through a pair of spaced openings 27 in the end 28 in the plenum
base 20 and from these openings through a pair of spaced openings
29 and 30 in each element 17 and similar openings 31 and 32 in each
of the partitions 18. Thus in the stacked assembly all openings 30
and 32 in the elements and disks, respectively, are aligned to make
one continuous liquid passage. Similarly, all openings 29 and 31
are aligned in order to provide in each instance one continuous
liquid supply conduit.
In each of the successive elements 17 there is provided on one
surface of alternate elements an interaction chamber 33 receiving
liquid under pressure from the liquid openings 29 while on the
other side of each element there is a similar but oppositely
located interaction chamber 34 receiving liquid under pressure from
the liquid openings 30.
As shown in the element embodiment of FIG. 2 there are provided
first 35 and second 36 diverging jet nozzle passages leading from
each interaction chamber 33 on one side 37 of each amplifier
element 38. The first passage 35 has a tangential exit 39 that when
activated ejects a jet of washing liquid as indicated by the dotted
arrow 40 on the left side of FIG. 2. When the other passage 36 is
activated by a jet of liquid 41 is expelled through its tangential
opening or exit 42 with the two exits 39 and 42 being located on
opposite edge portions of the elements 38 with reference to a
diameter passing longitudinally through the interaction chamber
33.
As can be seen from FIG. 2, the chamber 33 has diverging sides
leading into the passages 35 and 36. The portion of the chamber 33
between these passages is defined by an arcuate apex or cusp
43.
In order to control the direction of flow selectively through
either the first nozzle passage 35 or the second passage 36 there
are provided first 44 and second 45 fluid pressure control channels
on opposite sides of the interaction chamber on the sides
corresponding to the first nozzle passage 35 and second nozzle
passage 36, respectively.
Because the fluidic elements are constructed to eject liquid on
different edge portions there are provided two pairs of these
control channels in each element. In the embodiment of FIG. 3 the
one pair 44 and 45 of control channels communicate with the
interaction chamber 33 on one side of the element. The other pair
46 and 47 of control channels communicate with the interaction
chamber 34 on the other end surface of the elements 17. The
elements 17 of this embodiment have the diverging jet nozzle
passages 48 and and 49 leading from the interaction chamber 33 and
nozzle passages 50 and 51 leading from the interaction chamber
34.
In the embodiment of FIG. 2 the amplifier element 38 is provided in
each nozzle passage 35 and 36 with somewhat "S" shaped double
reverse bends indicated at 52 and 53, forming liquid traps. As
liquid alternately flows through either passage 35 or passage 36,
the passage through which the liquid is flowing being referred to
as the "active" passage, the jet or stream of liquid substantially
flows along one wall of the active passage. The double reverse
bends at 52 and 53 cause the jet of liquid in the active passage to
shift from one wall of the passage, across the passage, to the
opposite wall of the passage. The double bends or liquid traps thus
provide means for creating a water curtain across the active
passage which prevents the inspiration by the emerging jet of water
of outside air into the control zone defined by the interaction
chamber 33. Such inspiration of air, if not prevented, would
interfere with the positive control of the jet action of the
disclosed washing apparatus.
In order to provide the liquid under pressure in the assembly 16 of
FIG. 1 there is provided a liquid pump 54 arranged to draw liquid
through a filter 55 from the sump 12. The pump 54 forces this
liquid under pressure through an exit line 56 to a T-joint 57
having one branch 58 leading therefrom controlled by a valve 59.
The other branch 60 from the liquid line 56 has flow therethrough
controlled by another valve 61. The liquid branch line 58 from the
pressure pump 54 leads directly into the bottom of the base 13 and
from there is supplied to the liquid tube 25 which as explained
above directs washing liquid into the liquid passages or openings
29 and 30.
In order to control liquid flow alternately through the jet exit
passages from the switch amplifier elements 17 there is provided a
pair of air lines 62 and 63 which are alternately opened and closed
at their outer ends by means of a flap valve 64 pivoted at an
intermediate point as indicated at 65. The valve 64 is pivoted
periodically, for example, once every 3 seconds, by conventional
timer means, not shown. When the valve 64 is in the position shown
in FIG. 5 the air line 62 is closed and the line 63 is opened. When
the valve 64 is pivoted in a counterclockwise direction from the
position of FIG. 5 the conditions are reversed in that then the
outer end of the line 63 will be closed and the line 62 opened.
The air transfer cap 19 is provided with a pair of concentric
channels 72 and 73 which provide a continuous air passage to each
pair of the control channels 45-47 and 44-46, respectively.
As shown in FIG. 3 the air lines 62 and 63 lead through the plenum
base 20 and, respectively, via air passages 62a and 63a in elements
17 and openings 62b and 63b in disk 18, connect directly into the
concentric channels 72 and 73 in air transfer cap 19. Thus, the air
line 62 is connected to the control channels 44 and 46 via
concentric channel 72 while the air line 63 is connected to the
channels 45 and 47 via concentric channel 73. These various control
channels are interconnected by corresponding openings in the
partition disk 18 that is between each adjacent pair of elements
17. Thus the control channels 44 are connected by an opening 74 in
each disk 18, channels 45 are interconnected by disk openings 75,
channels 46 are connected by disk openings 76 and channels 47 are
interconnected by disk openings 77.
With this structure jet deflection is obtained by closing one or
the other of the air lines 62 and 63 by the flap valve 64 as
described. Thus when both air lines 62 and 63 are exposed to
ambient air the pressures within the lines and thus within the
control channels are equal. Then when the passage 63 is opened as
illustrated in FIG. 5 by moving the flap valve 64 to the position
shown pressure in the channels 44 and 46 will be reduced below that
in channels 45 and 47 with the result that the jets of liquid fed
by the liquid openings 29 and 30 will be directed into the jet exit
channels 49 and 50 to emerge as jets from this right side of the
stacked assembly of bistable fluidic switch amplifier elements as
shown in the embodiment of FIG. 3. Then, when the flap valve 64 is
moved to the opposite position to open the outer end of air line 62
and close the end of air line 63 as shown in FIG. 1 the emerging
jets will move to the opposite sides of the interaction chambers 33
and 34 to emerge as jets from the nozzle passages 48 and 51 on the
opposite side of the assembly of elements. With this arrangement as
rapidly as the flap valve 64 is moved about its pivot 65 to expose
and open the ends of the lines 62 and 63 the jets will be switch
from one set of exit nozzles on one side of the assembly 16 to the
other thereby to alternately agitate the washing system in the
clockwise and counterclockwise directions.
This switching of the exit jets from one side to the other by
changing the air pressure conditions in the interaction chambers 33
and 34 causes a pulsating ejection of washing liquid into the spin
basket 11 to give a washing action generally similar to that of an
agitator in an ordinary washing machine.
The recessed arcuate apex or cusp 43 in each interaction chamber 33
and 34 creates a vortex as indicated at 66 in the embodiment of
FIG. 4 which will aid in exhausting fluid pressure in the inactive
nozzle 49 thereby adding momentum to the liquid in the active
nozzle passage 48 and also increasing the stability of the bistable
valve. In addition, the liquid traps 52 and 53 in the embodiment
illustrated in FIG. 2 create a water curtain across the respective
active nozzles and prevent the inspiration of air by the emerging
jet of water.
After the washing action has been completed by the rhythmic jetting
of water from first one side and then the other of each of the
fluidic amplifier elements in the stacked assembly 16 the valve 59
is closed to stop the flow of washing liquid from the pump 54 into
and through the assembly of elements 16. The liquid then drains
through a bottom drain 69 into the bottom sump 12. The valve 61 is
then opened and liquid under pressure from the pump 54 is ejected
through a nozzle 70 on the inner end of the liquid branch 60. The
emerging liquid from the nozzle 70 impinges against the series of
spin imparting elements or vanes 71 arranged in a circle on the
bottom of the spin basket 11 and causes the basket to spin at a
very high rate of speed to centrifugally extract liquid from the
articles within the basket. This liquid thereupon also flows
through the drain 69 into the sump 12.
As can be seen from the above description the fluidic system of
this invention utilizes the kinetic energy of liquid jets to
provide an agitation washing operation with the only mechanical
moving parts being the pump and the flap valve 64 in combination
with the main control valves 59 and 61. The energy input to achieve
the agitation is obtained from the synchronous switching by valve
64 of the stack of fluidic bistable switches 17. Thus this fluidic
system had the advantages of requiring a very small number of
component parts and is a very lightweight system employing no
electric motors except in the pump 54 that applies pressure to the
washing liquid. The system not only weighs less than a customary
laundry device of equivalent capacity but also is more reliable and
requires less service as there are fewer moving parts and these
parts are much simpler than those in a conventional washer. In
addition the pump is a standard pump that can be used for other
purposes in other environments as its function is only to pump
liquid through the system under a desired pressure. These
advantages of the fluidic washer of this invention facilitate its
use under the zero gravity conditions encountered in space
exploration, while to design a conventional agitator washer for
these conditions would be extremely difficult.
Having described our invention as related to the embodiments shown
in the accompanying drawings, it is our intention that the
invention be not limited by any of the details of description,
unless otherwise specified.
* * * * *