U.S. patent number 3,649,839 [Application Number 05/073,023] was granted by the patent office on 1972-03-14 for light control dead front connector.
Invention is credited to Arthur I. Appleton.
United States Patent |
3,649,839 |
Appleton |
March 14, 1972 |
LIGHT CONTROL DEAD FRONT CONNECTOR
Abstract
In a mating plug and socket assembly one prong of the plug has a
light and photocell associated with it when it is in place in the
socket so that light is transmitted to the photocell thereby
indicating that the plug and socket are mated. This photocell
controls a relay having contacts in series between the electrical
source and the socket so as to only close the circuit to the socket
when the plug and socket are so mated. There are various
arrangements of the light and photocell in conjunction with the one
prong and the socket.
Inventors: |
Appleton; Arthur I.
(Northbrook, IL) |
Family
ID: |
22111236 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/073,023 |
Filed: |
September 17, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
250/215;
250/239 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01R
13/7038 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H01R
13/70 (20060101); H01R 13/703 (20060101); H01j
005/02 (); H01j 039/12 () |
Field of
Search: |
;250/215,239 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Lawrence; James W.
Assistant Examiner: Grigsby; T. N.
Claims
The invention claimed is:
1. In an electrical connector apparatus comprising a plug member
and a mating socket member which are movable along an axis with
respect to each other to connect or disconnect an electrical
circuit from a source to which one of the members is connected
through a switching device having contacts, the improvement
comprising:
light-transmitting means on a first of said members for producing a
beam of light and directing it along a path which, at least in
part, extends at an angle to said axis;
light reception means, including a detector, on a second of said
members and aligned with said part of said path when said members
are sufficiently mated to provide a primary electrical circuit
between the members, for directing said beam to said detector for
producing an electrical signal, said detector being connected to
said switching device to close the contacts thereof when said
electrical signal is produced, said light reception means failing
to direct said beam to said detector when said members are not
sufficiently mated to provide an electrical circuit between the
members.
2. In an apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein said second
member has a recess parallel to said axis and an opening extending
off at an angle from an interior point of said recess, said opening
forming a part of the light path to said detector; said first
member including a probe which is received in said recess when said
members are mated, said probe having an aperture aligned with said
opening when said members are mated, said aperture being said part
of said path.
3. In an apparatus as set forth in claim 2, wherein said light
transmitting means includes a battery-operated light for producing
said beam.
4. In an apparatus as set forth in claim 3, including a
rechargeable battery for said light and battery-recharging means
for said battery.
5. In an apparatus as set forth in claim 2, wherein said members
have a plurality of mating prongs and sockets parallel to said axis
for providing said primary circuit, one of said prongs being said
probe and also being the ground prong.
6. In an apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein said second
member is said one member.
7. In an apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein said first
member is said one member, and including interconnecting means on
the member for providing a second electrical circuit therebetween
when said members are between the condition of being fully mated
and the condition of being mated to an extent insufficient to
provide said primary electrical circuit, said detector and said
switching device being connected to said second electrical
circuit.
8. In an electrical connector apparatus comprising two members
having a mated condition and an unmated condition, said members
having electrical contacts which provide a primary electrical
circuit when the members are mated, one of said members having a
recess and the other of said members having a prong which fits into
said recess when the members are mated, said members moving along
an axis with respect to each other as they are being mated, and
electrical switch means connected to one of the members, the
improvement comprising:
a source of light;
a light detector having a first condition when light is received
and a second condition when no light is received;
means defining a light path between said source and said detector
when said members are in one of said conditions thereof, with said
light not being received by said detector at the other condition of
the members, at least a portion of said path being angularly
disposed to said axis at a location of a portion of said prong when
said members are mated; and
actuating means connecting said detector and said switch means to
close said switch means in one of said light conditions and to open
said switch means in the other of the light conditions.
Description
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a fail-safe control apparatus for
providing a "dead front" on a socket except when the mating plus is
in the operative position on the socket, and one wherein no
physical contact between the control apparatus and the movable
elements or the prongs of the plug are required.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal section through an embodiment of the
invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustrating the electrical circuitry of the
apparatus of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a partial longitudinal section through an alternative
embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a partial longitudinal section through a further
alternative embodiment; and
FIG. 5 is a schematic of the wiring diagram of the apparatus of
FIG. 4.
DESCRIPTION OF SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS
The following disclosure is offered for public dissemination in
return for the grant of a patent. Although it is detailed to ensure
adequacy and aid understanding, this is not intended to prejudice
that purpose of a patent which is to cover each new inventive
concept therein no matter how others may later disguise it by
variations in form or additions or further improvements. The claims
at the end hereof are intended as the chief aid toward this
purpose, as it is these that meet the requirement of pointing out
the parts, improvements, or combinations in which the inventive
concepts are found.
The concept of the present invention is applicable to plug-in
socket assemblies that might be employed with almost any electrical
power capacity. The following description is not intended to in any
way limit the use of the invention to any particular power
application, whether it be single-phase, three-phase, 110-volt,
440-volt, etc. From the following description, a competent
electrical engineer will have no difficulty in modifying the
details of the actual apparatus to achieve an assembly embodying
the invention usable for the particular power application with
which he is dealing.
In FIG. 1 there is illustrated a mating plug assembly, generally
10, and socket assembly, generally 11. The plug assembly has a
plurality of prongs (or probes) 12, 13 and 14, which are received
in the recesses (such as 15a) of a plurality of sockets 15, 16 and
17, respectively, when the plug assembly and socket assembly are
mated, so as to provide electrical connections through the two. To
achieve mating or separation the two are moved relative to each
other along an axis which is best illustrated by the longitudinal
dimension of prong 12. Wires 18, 19 and 20 are connected to the
respective prongs 12, 13 and 14. Wires 21, 22 and 23 are connected
to the respective sockets 15-17.
A detector apparatus is provided to ascertain when the plug and
socket are in the mated condition. In accordance with the present
invention, this detector apparatus comprises a light source
consisting of lamp 26 and means (including photocell 27) for
producing an electrical switching operation in response to light
reception. In the embodiment of FIG. 1, one of the prongs (i.e.,
12) is hollow to receive the light bulb 26. It is highly
advantageous if the "ground" prong is employed for this purpose
since a number of problems are thereby avoided. A wire 28 connects
to the light bulb 26 and the other connection to the light bulb can
be the grounded prong 12 making contact through a spring
arrangement 29. Prong 12 has a window (aperture) 30 which registers
with a window 31 in socket 15 and an opening 32 in the insulated
body 11 when the plug and socket are fully mated together; thus, at
that time, the light will be transmitted to photocell 27 which is
aligned with the opening 32.
Referring to FIG. 2, a relay, comprising solenoid 34 and contactors
35, is arranged with its contactors 35 in series between a power
source 36 and the electrical socket connections of socket assembly
11. The solenoid 34 and the photocell 27 (in the form of a
photoresistor) are connected in series with the power source 36.
Light bulb 26 is connected across a rechargeable battery 37 to be
energized thereby. A stepdown transformer 38 and a rectifier 39 are
employed to form a charging circuit for battery 37. The charging
circuit in FIG. 2 is merely illustrative and in an actual
embodiment would probably be more sophisticated to include a
full-wave rectifier and/or a charging limit control, as is well
known to those skilled in the art.
So long as the windows 30 and 31 of the prong and socket are not in
registry, the photocell 27 does not receive light and, as a
photoresistor, has a relatively high resistance. This resistance is
sufficient so that solenoid 34 is insufficiently energized and as a
result the circuits through the contactors 35 remain open. However,
when the plug 10 and socket 11 are mated, as illustrated in FIG. 1,
the windows 30 and 31 are in registry so that photocell 27 is
receiving light. This drops the resistance of the photoresistor to
a point such that solenoid 34 picks up its armature to thereby
close the circuits through contactors 35. Thus, the electrical
connections of the socket 11 only become energized after the plug
and socket are brought into the mating condition.
For many applications a photoresistor (FIG. 2) has the advantage of
providing a simple arrangement. However, it does not have a rapid
response when the light is removed from it and the relay 34, 35 may
continue briefly to supply electrical energy to the sockets 16, 17
after the plug assembly 10 has been separated from the socket
assembly 11. Thus, it is potentially possible that arcing could
occur upon separation and for this reason the construction of FIG.
2 cannot be regarded as explosion proof. If such a situation were a
disadvantage in a particular application, it could be remedied by
using a photocell and circuit breaking arrangement that had a more
rapid response so that between the time that the windows 30 and 31
moved out of registry but before the prong 12 had moved away from
its socket 15, the electrical circuit was broken by the opening of
contactors 35.
FIG. 3 illustrates an alternative arrangement in which both the
light 26 and the photocell 27 are mounted on the socket assembly,
generally 45. This socket assembly 45 comprises a body 46 in which
there are a plurality of electrical socket connections, only one of
which is illustrated at 47. The plug assembly, generally 48,
likewise includes a plurality of correspondingly positioned prongs,
one of which is illustrated at 49.
Prong 49 has an opening 51 extending thereacross and one side of
the prong at this opening forms a reflective surface 52. When the
plug 48 and socket 45 are fully mated the opening 51 is in registry
with openings 53 and 54 in the socket assembly 45. The latter
openings 53 and 54 are aligned with light 26 and photocell 27,
respectively. When the plug 48 and socket 45 are mated the light
beam 55 passes between the two. However, when prong 49 is not in
place, the light beam 55 does not get reflected to the photocell
27. In some such embodiments it may be desirable to blacken the
inner walls about opening 56 to insure that it forms a light sink
and that no light is reflected when the prong 49 is not in place.
The electrical circuitry of FIG. 2 can be employed with the
embodiment of FIG. 3.
An arrangement of the FIG. 3 type keeps both the light and the
photocell on the socket assembly. Also, the special configuration
of the "active" prong is relatively simple. This is particularly
desirable arrangement in a situation in which (for one reason or
another) it is desired that the "active" prong not be a "ground"
prong. Like the other embodiments, there is no physical actuation
necessary, such as, for example, parts of the plug and socket
assemblies making electrical contact or pushing a switch, to
achieve the control function or signal.
FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate several other types of modifications that
may be made. Here there is a plug assembly, generally 60, which has
a plurality of electrically conductive prongs, one of which is
shown at 61. There is a socket assembly, generally 62, comprising a
body 63 having a plurality of electrically conductive sockets, one
of which is shown at 64. The prong 61 has a window 65 which
registers with a window 66 in socket 64 at the mating position. An
opening 67 extends through body 63 from window 66 to the light
source 68. Prong 61 has an axial opening 70 extending from window
65 to a photocell 71. A light reflective surface (mirror) 72 is
positioned to reflect light from window 65 through opening 70 to
photocell 71.
Referring to FIG. 5, relay contactors 74 are connected between the
power source 36 and the socket assembly 62. These contactors are
moved to the closed position by the energizing of a relay solenoid
75. The photocell 71, for example, a cadmium sulfide cell provides
an electrical signal through amplifier 76 to energize solenoid 75
when the light beam from source 68 is received by the cell. A plug
and socket arrangement comprising plug 77 and socket 78 are used to
connect the amplifier to the solenoid 75. As illustrated in FIG. 4
these may be physically a part of plug assembly 60 and socket
assembly 62, or they may be separate components. The most effective
action will be obtained if the circuit through plug and socket 77,
78 is accomplished before the prongs of plug assembly 60 enter the
electrical socket components of socket assembly 62.
The particular arrangement of FIG. 4, FIG. 5, is merely to
illustrate various possible modifications. In an actual
construction provision would be made so that the ambient light
through window 65 would not cause photocell 71 to provide an output
signal when the plug assembly 60 was displaced from the socket
assembly 62. For example, this would be done by using a photocell
sensitive only to infrared light and using an infrared light
68.
* * * * *