U.S. patent number 3,649,755 [Application Number 05/042,219] was granted by the patent office on 1972-03-14 for method and means for providing a lighted display having a constant contrast ratio.
This patent grant is currently assigned to The Bendix Corporation. Invention is credited to Anthony J. Newman.
United States Patent |
3,649,755 |
Newman |
March 14, 1972 |
METHOD AND MEANS FOR PROVIDING A LIGHTED DISPLAY HAVING A CONSTANT
CONTRAST RATIO
Abstract
A display system has a closed loop circuit for controlling the
brightness of a cathode-ray tube. The circuit includes sensing
means providing an output corresponding to the brightness of the
display and to ambient brightness. The output is compared to a
reference signal. The signal applied to the grid of the cathode-ray
tube is amplified in accordance with the comparison to control the
brightness of the display so as to maintain a constant contrast
ratio C=(B .sub.C +B.sub. A)1 B.sub. A where B.sub. C is the
brightness of the cathode-ray tube display and B.sub. A is the
reflected ambient brightness.
Inventors: |
Newman; Anthony J. (Norwalk,
CT) |
Assignee: |
The Bendix Corporation
(N/A)
|
Family
ID: |
21920705 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/042,219 |
Filed: |
June 1, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
348/602; 315/10;
348/E5.12 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H04N
5/58 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H04N
5/57 (20060101); H04N 5/58 (20060101); H04n
005/58 () |
Field of
Search: |
;178/7.5DC,7.5R,7.3R,7.3DC ;315/10 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Richardson; Robert L.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. Means for controlling the brightness of a display, comprising
means for providing the display, means illuminated by the display
for providing a signal corresponding to the brightness of the
display, a source providing a reference signal, means connected to
the reference signal source and to the brightness signal means and
providing an output corresponding to the difference between the
reference signal and the brightness signal, and means connected to
the display means and to the difference means and responsive to the
difference signal for controlling the brightness of the display;
the brightness signal means including a photoelectric cell
illuminated by the lighted display provided by the display means
and ambient light, the photoelectric cell providing a logarithmic
output varying in accordance with the brightness of the display and
the ambient brightness, and a direct current restorer and peak
rectifier circuit connected to the photoelectric cell for providing
a direct current voltage corresponding to the voltage swing of the
output from the photoelectric cell; the difference means including
a difference amplifier connected to the direct current restorer and
peak rectifier circuit and to the reference signal source and
providing an output corresponding to the difference between the
direct current voltage from the direct current restorer and peak
rectifier circuit and a direct current signal corresponding to a
reference contrast ratio; the display means including a cathode-ray
tube having deflection coils, each coil being connected to ground,
and a grid connected to control means, and voltage means connected
to the deflection coils and to the control means and providing
deflection voltages to the deflection coils of the cathode-ray tube
and a brightness voltage to the control means; and the control
means including variable-gain amplifying means connected to the
voltage means, to the grid of the cathode-ray tube and to the
difference amplifier for amplifying the brightness voltage from the
voltage means in accordance with the difference output from the
difference amplifier and for providing the amplified brightness
voltage to the grid of the cathode-ray tube to control the
brightness of the display provided by the cathode-ray tube.
2. Means for controlling the brightness of a display, comprising
means for providing the display, means illuminated by the display
for providing a signal corresponding to the brightness of the
display, a source providing a reference signal, means connected to
the reference signal source and to the brightness signal means and
providing an output corresponding to the difference between the
reference signal and the brightness signal, and means connected to
the display means and to the difference means and responsive to the
difference signal for controlling the brightness of the display;
the brightness signal means providing a signal corresponding to the
brightness B.sub.C of the display and to the ambient brightness
B.sub.A so that the display brightness may be controlled to
maintain a constant contrast ratio C for the display where
C=(B.sub. C +B.sub. A)/B.sub. A.
3. Brightness control means of the kind described in claim 2 in
which the brightness signal means includes a photoelectric cell
illuminated by the brightness of the display and ambient brightness
and providing an output varying in accordance with the logarithm of
the brightness of the display and the ambient brightness, and means
connected to the photoelectric cell and to the difference means for
converting the output from the photoelectric cell to a direct
current voltage corresponding to the contrast ratio of the lighted
display.
4. Brightness control means of the kind described in claim 3 in
which the converting means is a direct current restorer and peak
rectifier circuit.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to display systems and, more
particularly, to a display system with automatic brightness
control.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Cathode-ray tube display systems of a type disclosed in U.S. Pat.
No. 3,404,226 uses automatic brightness control which are
responsive only to ambient light conditions. In providing
brightness control dependent on the ambient illumination, the
control system is an open loop system. Open loop brightness control
systems have a transfer function of the ambient light condition to
the cathode-ray tube display brightness which depends on the
transfer function of each element of the system. When the voltage
or current of any element of the system drifts, the drift causes
inaccuracies in the brightness control.
The present invention distinguishes over U.S. Pat. No. 3,404,226 by
providing for a closed loop brightness control to maintain a
constant contrast ratio and includes swing of the output E.sub.6
sensing of the brightness of the cathode-ray tube display as well
as ambient brightness reflected by the cathode-ray tube. A drift of
any element in the closed loop system is automatically compensated
for by the feedback of the closed loop system.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A circuit for controlling the brightness of a display in which the
display provided by a display system illuminates a sensor. The
sensor provides a signal corresponding to the brightness of the
display. A difference network provides a signal corresponding to
the difference between the signal from the sensor and a signal
corresponding to a reference brightness. A control network controls
the brightness of the display in accordance with the difference
signal from the difference network.
One object of the present invention is to provide a lighted display
having a constant contrast ratio.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a closed loop
brightness control system for a lighted display system to maintain
a constant contrast ratio.
Another object of the present invention is to use a brightness
control system in a lighted display system which considers the
brightness of the display as well as the ambient brightness.
Another object of the present invention is to use a photoelectric
cell which is illuminated by a lighted display and ambient light
and provides an output corresponding to the brightness of the
lighted display and the ambient brightness.
The foregoing and other objects and advantages of the invention
will appear more fully hereinafter from a consideration of the
detailed description which follows, taken together with the
accompanying drawing wherein one embodiment of the invention is
illustrated by way of example. It is to be expressly understood,
however, that the drawing is for illustration purposes only and is
not to be construed as defining the limits of the invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
The figure is a simplified block diagram of a cathode-ray tube
display system using an automatic brightness control system
constructed in accordance with the invention to maintain a constant
contrast display.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
It is desirable to change the brightness of a cathode-ray tube
display when the ambient illumination changes or when the display
brightness changes to maintain a constant contrast ratio. The
contrast ratio is defined as the ratio of what an observer sees as
white to what is seen as black. What the observer sees as white is
the display brightness and the reflected ambient brightness, while
what the observer sees as black is the reflected ambient
brightness. The contrast ratio C as set forth in the abstract of
the disclosure may be rewritten in logrithmic form as
log C=log(B.sub.C +B.sub.A)-logB.sub. A
Referring to the Figure, there is shown a display system having an
automatic brightness control system and including a voltage means 1
providing voltages E.sub.1 and E.sub.2 and a brightness voltage
E.sub.3. Voltage means 1 may be a conventional type TV receiver
without the cathode-ray tube, or it may be a symbol display system
as disclosed in U.S. application Ser. No. 879,069 by John F.
Yurasek and Abner Owens, Jr. and assigned to The Bendix
Corporation, assignee of the present invention. When voltage means
1 is a TV receiver, voltages E.sub.1, E.sub.2 are horizontal and
vertical sweep voltages, respectively, and voltage E.sub.3 is the
video voltage. When voltage means 1 is a symbol display system,
voltages E.sub.1, E.sub.2 are horizontal and vertical deflection
voltages, respectively, and voltage E.sub.3 is the bright-up plus
voltage. Although voltage means 1 is necessary to the overall
combination, it is not necessary to one skilled in the art to know
the detail of voltage means 1 in order to understand the
invention.
Voltage means 1 provide voltages E.sub.1, E.sub.2 to horizontal and
vertical deflection coils 4 and 5, respectively, having a common
connection to ground 8, of a cathode-ray tube 10. Brightness
voltage E.sub.3 is applied to a conventional-type variable-gain
amplifier 14 whose gain is varied to control the brightness of
cathode-ray tube 10. The amplified brightness voltage is provided
by amplifier 14 to a conventional-type video amplifier 17 which in
turn provides it to a grid 16 of cathode-ray tube 10. All elements,
except cathode-ray tube 10 and grid 16, are connected to ground 8
as shown in the Figure. Cathode-ray tube 10 provides the display in
accordance with the voltages applied to its deflection coils 4, 5
and grid 16.
A photoelectric cell 24, which may be a Fairchild FPM 200 type
photoelectric cell, provides an output E.sub.6 corresponding to a
logarithm of the light illuminating it. A photoelectric cell
providing a linear output and a logarithmic amplifier may be used
instead of the FPM 200 type photo cell.
The largest amplitude of output E.sub.6 from photoelectric cell 24
occurs when cathode-ray tube 10 is providing a display and
corresponds to the observed brightness B.sub.C of the display plus
the reflected ambient brightness B.sub.A from cathode-ray tube 10.
The minimum amplitude of output E.sub.6 from photoelectric cell 24
occurs when cathode-ray tube 10 provides no display and corresponds
to the reflected ambient brightness B.sub.A from cathode-ray tube
10. Since output E.sub.6 corresponds to the logarithm of the light
sensed by photoelectric cell 24, we may write the voltage
difference in equation form as follows:
E.sub. 6 max-E.sub. 6 min=.increment.E.sub. 6 =K(log (B.sub.C
.sub.+B.sub.A).sub.-log
B.sub.A) 2
where K is a constant of proportionality.
Substituting from equation 1, equation 2 may be rewritten as
.increment.E.sub. 6 =KlogC 3.
From equations 2 and 3, it can be seen that the swing of output
E.sub. 6 from photoelectric cell 24 corresponds to the contrast
ratio.
A conventional-type direct current restorer and peak rectifier 26
converts output E.sub. 6 to a direct current voltage E.sub. 8 which
corresponds to the voltage swing of output .sub.6 and hence to the
contrast ratio of the display provided by a cathode-ray tube 10. A
conventional-type difference amplifier 27 provides a direct current
voltage E.sub.10 corresponding to the difference between direct
current voltage E.sub.8 and a direct current reference voltage
E.sub.12. Reference voltage E.sub.12 corresponds to a desired
contrast ratio and is provided by a source 28 of fixed direct
current voltage. The difference voltage E.sub.10 is applied to a
variable-gain amplifier 14 for controlling the gain of amplifier 14
accordingly.
When the brightness of the display on cathode-ray tube 10
decreases, or the ambient brightness increases, the swing of output
E.sub. 6 from photoelectric cell 24 decreases causing direct
current voltage E.sub.8 from the direct current restorer and peak
rectifier 26 to decrease. Difference amplifier 27 changes its
output E.sub.10 accordingly thereby increasing the gain of
amplifier 14 to increase the brightness of the display of
cathode-ray tube 10. When the brightness of the display of
cathode-ray tube 10 increases or the ambient lightness decreases,
the swing of output E.sub. 6 increases causing direct current
voltage E.sub.8 to increase accordingly. Difference amplifier 27
reduces output E.sub.10 accordingly to reduce the gain of
variable-gain amplifier 14 thereby decreasing the brightness of the
display on cathode-ray tube 10.
The device of the present invention provides a lighted display
having a constant contrast ratio. The contrast ratio is maintained
by a closed loop brightness control system using a photoelectric
cell which considers the brightness of the lighted display as well
as ambient brightness.
* * * * *