U.S. patent number 3,648,469 [Application Number 05/027,317] was granted by the patent office on 1972-03-14 for thermoelectric pillow.
Invention is credited to James E. Chapman.
United States Patent |
3,648,469 |
Chapman |
March 14, 1972 |
THERMOELECTRIC PILLOW
Abstract
A thermoelectric pillow having a thermoelectric unit which
operates according to the Peltier effect to transfer heat from a
first side to a second side thereby cooling the first side and
heating the second side.
Inventors: |
Chapman; James E. (Playa Del
Rey, CA) |
Family
ID: |
21836992 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/027,317 |
Filed: |
April 10, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
62/3.5; 5/421;
5/636; 5/906; 165/46; 165/135; 219/527; 219/528; 297/180.11;
297/180.12 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01L
35/00 (20130101); A47G 9/1036 (20130101); F25B
21/02 (20130101); A61F 7/10 (20130101); A61F
7/00 (20130101); Y10S 5/906 (20130101); A61F
2007/0075 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A47G
9/00 (20060101); A47G 9/10 (20060101); A61F
7/00 (20060101); A61F 7/10 (20060101); H01L
35/00 (20060101); F25B 21/02 (20060101); F25b
021/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;62/3 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Wye; William J.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A thermoelectric pillow comprising:
a plurality of semiconductor junctions which function in accordance
with the Peltier effect;
electrical insulation means for electrically insulating the
semiconductor junctions;
thermal insulation means for restricting heat transfer between the
opposite sides of said semiconductor junctions;
padding material of low thermal conductivity located adjacent the
semiconductor junctions on opposite sides thereof;
material of high thermal conductivity interspersed with the padding
material; and
exterior cover means for supporting and protecting the padding
material.
2. The thermoelectric pillow of claim 1 wherein said material of
high thermal conductivity comprises small particles.
3. The thermoelectric pillow of claim 1 wherein said material of
high thermal conductivity comprises a powder.
4. A thermoelectric pillow comprising:
a thermoelectric unit operating according to the Peltier effect to
provide the pillow with a warm side and a cool side;
thermal insulation means thermally separating the cool side of the
pillow from the warm side of the pillow;
electrical insulation means for electrically insulating the
thermoelectric unit;
padding means of relatively low thermal conductivity having
material of relatively high thermal conductivity intermingled
therewith located adjacent the thermoelectric unit on both the cool
side and warm side;
exterior cover means for providing an outer surface and
hermetically sealing the internal parts of the pillow; and,
control means for selectively regulating the surface temperatures
of the pillow.
5. The thermoelectric pillow of claim 4 wherein the control means
includes means for converting alternating current power to a direct
current of selected magnitude and polarity for application to said
semiconductor junctions.
6. A thermoelectric pillow comprising:
a plurality of semiconductor junctions forming a thermoelectric
unit which operates in accordance with the Peltier effect;
thermal insulation material filling the spaces between
semiconductor junctions;
electrical insulation material having high thermal conductivity
surrounding the thermoelectric unit;
padding material of low thermal conductivity intermingled with
material of high thermal conductivity surrounding said electrical
insulation material;
relatively thin sheetlike plastic material surrounding said padding
material and providing a seal;
means for providing electrical connection between the
thermoelectric element and a control means;
control means for supplying a variable current of selected
magnitude and polarity;
means for providing electrical connection between the control means
and a source of electrical power.
7. A thermoelectric pillow comprising:
a plurality of semiconductor junctions arranged in series to
provide a thermoelectric unit;
thermal insulation material filling the spaces between
semiconductor junctions in the thermoelectric unit;
a relatively thin layer of electrical insulation material
surrounding the thermoelectric unit;
a relatively thick layer of polyurethane foam padding material
surrounding the layer of electrical insulation material;
particulate material of high thermal conductivity intermingled with
the layer of padding material;
a relatively thin layer of plastic material surrounding the padding
material and providing a seal;
means for providing electrical connection between the
thermoelectric element and a temperature controlling means;
control means for providing an electrical current of selected
magnitude and polarity to the thermoelectric unit;
means for providing an electrical connection between the
temperature controller and the source of electrical power.
8. The thermoelectric pillow of claim 5 wherein the control means
comprises a variac and a voltage controlled rectifier.
9. The thermoelectric pillow of claim 5 wherein the control means
comprises a stepdown transformer, rectifier means for providing a
direct current and a rheostat.
10. A thermoelectric pillow comprising a plurality of semiconductor
elements electrically connected in series to form a thermoelectric
unit having a first surface and a second surface;
electrical insulation means for electrically insulating the
thermoelectric unit;
first and second sponge rubber padding means disposed adjacent the
first and second surfaces of the thermoelectric unit for providing
a cushion effect;
thermal insulation material filling all spaces between the first
and second surfaces of the thermoelectric unit and separating the
first and second padding means to the extent that they extend
beyond the thermoelectric unit;
material of high thermal conductivity reduced to small granules and
intermingled with the first and second padding means;
a relatively thin layer of plastic material forming the exterior of
the pillow;
control means for providing a current of selected magnitude and
polarity;
terminal means for electrically connecting the control means
between a source of electrical power and the thermoelectric
unit.
11. For use in a thermoelectric pillow which uses a thermoelectric
unit operating in accordance with the Peltier effect,
padding means of low thermal conductivity for providing a
cushioning effect intermingled with particles of material having
high thermal conductivity.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention provides a cool pillow which might be used in a
variety of situations. One situation might occur when a person must
sleep in a warm room. Since there is a substantial flow of blood
through the head and neck areas, the cooling of this region has the
physiological effect of making a person feel cool all over. This
physiological cooling effect, together with a psychological feeling
of coolness that comes from cooling the head and neck region,
enables a person to attain a high degree of comfort by sleeping on
a cool pillow even though the room may be uncomfortably warm. A
cool pillow might also be used to help reduce the fever of a person
who is sick. In general, a cool pillow may be used in any situation
where a cool, padded surface is needed.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Current methods of providing a cool surface are messy, inefficient,
and provide little control over the temperature. One method is to
run cold water through a towel or other cloth, wring out most of
the water and then apply the damp towel or cloth to the body.
Another method is to fill a plastic bag with ice cubes. Body fever
is sometimes cooled by placing a patient in a cold shower. However,
none of these methods are as convenient as plugging a dry, cool
pillow into a standard electrical outlet.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
When an electrical current flows across the junction between two
different materials, a quantity of heat, proportional to the total
charge crossing the junction, is displaced or absorbed depending
upon the direction of current. This effect is due to the existence
of an electromotive force at the junction of the two materials and
is known as the Peltier effect. In recent years it as been
discovered that a group of materials known as semiconductors are
very efficient in producing this cooling or heating in accordance
with the Peltier effect.
If a number of copper or aluminum bars are used to connect
alternately P-type and N-type semiconductor materials, the bars can
be made to form two relatively smooth, flat surfaces with the
semiconductor elements between the two surfaces. When an electrical
current is passed through the series connected bars and
semiconductor elements, one surface is cooled and the opposite
surface is heated. By reversing the direction of current flow, the
cool and hot surfaces will be interchanged. This invention uses a
series of thermoelectric junctions to provide a thermoelectric unit
which can be made warm on one side and cool on the other side.
The thermoelectric pillow is comprised of a thermoelectric unit,
thermal insulation material preventing undesirable heat transfer
between the cool and warm portions of the pillow, material to
electrically insulate the thermoelectric unit, padding material
having high thermal conductivity and a plastic case to seal and
protect the internal portions of the pillow. High thermal
conductivity through the padding is attained by dispersing
particles of material having high thermal conductivity, such as
copper or aluminum. The padding material may be selected from the
many suitable materials well known in the art.
A control provides a DC voltage of selected polarity and magnitude.
A stepdown transformer within the control electrically isolates the
pillow from the relatively high voltage power source, thereby
preventing any danger of serious electrical shock due to a
malfunction within the pillow. The polarity of the voltage
determines which surface of the pillow will heat and which will
cool, while the magnitude of the voltage determines the amount of
heating or cooling.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention will be better understood from the following
description, together with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a bed with a thermoelectric pillow
thereon;
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal cross section of a thermoelectric pillow
in conjunction with a block diagram of the control; and,
FIG. 3 is a plan view partly broken away of a thermoelectric
pillow.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
FIG. 1 shows a thermoelectric pillow 10 according to the present
invention with exterior cover 21, control 17, and electrical wires
16. Referring now to FIGS. 2 and 3, the thermoelectric pillow 10
has a thermoelectric unit 11 which transfers heat from one side to
the other when electrical current is passed through it. This heat
transferring property of the thermoelectric unit, which is well
known in the art as the Peltier effect, is attained by alternately
connecting P-type 12 and N-type 13 semiconductor materials in
series. Relatively thin, flat, metallic bars 14 are used to form
the junctions between the different semiconductr materials. These
bars 14 can be of any well-known material such as aluminum or
copper which have the characteristics of high thermal and
electrical conductivity. In addition to conducting electrical
current between semiconductor elements, these bars 14 absorb heat
from adjacent portions of the pillow 10 and conduct it to the
semiconductor elements on the cool side, and absorb heat from the
semiconductor elements and conduct it to the adjacent portions of
the pillow on the warm side. The direction of current through the
thermoelectric unit 11 determines which side is warm and which side
is cool. Electrical insulation 15 restricts the current to a single
path through the thermoelectric unit. The electrical insulation 15
should have good thermal conductivity so as not to restrict the
transfer of heat between the bars 14 and the outer portions of the
pillow. Electrical conductors 16 connect the thermoelectric unit 11
with a control 17, which transforms a standard AC voltage to a
direct current of selected magnitude and polarity. The control 17
may be constructed according to any of a number of arrangements
well known in the art, such as a commercial device known as a
variac and a rectifier, or a transformer, rectifier and
rheostat.
Thermal insulation 18 fills the spaces between semiconductor
elements 12 and 13 and forms a relatively thin layer separating the
two sides of the pillow. The purpose of the thermal insulation 18
is to restrict undesirable heat transfer from the warm side to the
cool side.
Padding 19 is placed on both sides of the thermoelectric unit 11
for cushioning the body when the pillow is used. The padding 19 may
be any of a variety of suitable materials well known to the art,
such as polyurethane foam, sponge rubber or cotton. Heat conducting
material 20 which has been reduced to a powder or fine granules is
intermingled with the padding 19 to facilitate the transfer of heat
between the thermoelectric unit 11 and the surface of the pillow.
Copper, aluminum or other material having high thermal conductivity
may be used.
An exterior cover 21 surrounds the pillow, sealing, protecting and
supporting the interior portions. The exterior cover 21 may be
fashioned from any plastic or rubber material well known to the art
and enables the pillow to be easily laundered or cleaned.
* * * * *