U.S. patent number 3,648,289 [Application Number 05/022,266] was granted by the patent office on 1972-03-14 for deep-sea dive suit.
Invention is credited to Floyd E. Moreland.
United States Patent |
3,648,289 |
Moreland |
March 14, 1972 |
DEEP-SEA DIVE SUIT
Abstract
Present invention relates to a deep sea dive suit and
self-contained underwater breathing and heating apparatus therefor.
The improved suit is laminated in six layers which form a
passageway for the circulation of an oxygen-gas mixture that
transmits heat from the warmer parts of the body to its
extremities. The oxygen-gas mixture is generated from a supply of a
cryogenic oxygen containing liquid stored in a back pack reservoir.
The cryogenic liquid is heated, converted to a gas, circulated
through the suit and finally conditioned for breathing by the
diver.
Inventors: |
Moreland; Floyd E. (Cherry
Hill, NJ) |
Family
ID: |
21808716 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/022,266 |
Filed: |
March 24, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
128/201.27 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B63C
11/04 (20130101); B63C 11/28 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B63C
11/02 (20060101); B63C 11/04 (20060101); B63C
11/28 (20060101); B63c 011/06 () |
Field of
Search: |
;2/2.1R,2.1A,2
;128/142.5,142.7,1A,400 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Gaudet; Richard A.
Assistant Examiner: Dunne; G. F.
Claims
We claim:
1. In combination with a deep-sea dive suit constructed to provide
a plurality of separate fluid compartments interconnected with
flexible fluid conduits for the circulation of a fluid, an improved
laminated fabric material for use in forming the fluid compartments
and passageways comprising:
a. a first innermost layer made from a thermal weave material of
corrosion resistant steel and nylon;
b. a second layer that includes an inner band of heat conductive
material bonded to an outer band of vinyl backing;
c. a third layer that includes an inner band of vinyl backing
bonded to an outer band of insulating material;
d. and a fourth layer that includes a band of insulating rubber
material.
2. The combination substantially as described in claim 1 wherein
the second and third layers are separated one from the other by a
spacer medium.
3. The combination substantially as described in claim 1
wherein:
a. the separate compartments comprise eight warm trunk areas which
include the center chest and upper back area, the right chest and
back area, the left chest and back area, the right stomach and back
area, the left stomach and back area, the right hip area, the left
hip area, and the groin and lower back area, and five cold
extremity areas which include the head and upper neck area, the
right arm and hand area, the left arm and hand area, the right leg
and foot area, and the left leg and foot area;
b. the flexible conduits include at least a pair of fluid discharge
conduits and a pair of fluid return conduits communicating between
each of said eight warm trunk areas and an associated cold
area;
c. and means mounted adjacent each of said discharge conduits and
communicating with the respective warm compartment areas to
regulate and maintain the pressure of the fluid disposed therein at
a differential of approximately one atmosphere greater than the
ambient sea pressure during a dive.
4. The combination substantially as described in claim 3 wherein
the means for regulating the fluid pressure are variable
pressure-charger cylinders.
Description
As man proceeds deeper and deeper into the sea, it becomes
increasingly more apparent that an effective free diver requires
considerably more than a standard breathing unit to be equipped for
useful and safe underwater work. The two major obstacles
confronting modern diving research involve the protection of a deep
diver against the cold water and his supply of an adequate mixed
gas breathing medium which will enable him to remain submerged at
increased depths for extended periods of time.
Since the temperature of sea water is often considerably less than
normal body temperature, some form of protective clothing is
necessary during diving operations, particularly when the dives are
at considerable depth and for prolonged intervals. More
specifically, at water temperatures below 50.degree. F., the body
should be covered completely with a suit that has a considerably
amount of insulation.
Two types of cold-water swim suits, "dry" rubber and "wet" foam
neoprene, have been developed for this purpose and are in general
use today. Suits of this kind depend upon air or water space of
some kind between the body and the sea water to be effective, and
require heavy insulation that is generally bulky, cumbersome and
overbuoyant. The construction and snug fit of suits used in the
past keeps the water from circulating from the warmer trunk area to
the colder less vital extremity portions of the diver's body. Loss
of the sense of touch and the clumsiness of cold hands and feet
make it very difficult for a diver to do useful work or even
control his gear.
Electrically heated diver's suits have been proposed for use but as
yet, the power requirements for the same exceed the feasible range
of storage batteries which can be carried by a free diver.
Moreover, the possibility of wetting the electrical apparatus due
to leakage of the suit often proves extremely dangerous.
Depth is also the primary factor for determining the duration of
deep divers using scuba (self-contained underwater breathing
apparatus). At increased depths, each breath requires a greater
mass of gas than the same breath at the surface. The total time
available for a given open-circuit gas supply at a constant
volumetric breathing rate diminishes inversely with the absolute
pressure. For example, at 100 feet where the pressure is
approximately 4 atmospheres, a gas supply gives only one-fourth of
the time that the same supply gives at the surface. Because of the
inherent limitations of size, weight and bulk present in gas
cylinders carried on deep divers' backs, the depth and buoyance
limitations of the diver becomes a serious hinderance in the
performance of an underwater task.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a
novel and improved deep sea dive suit and scuba that overcomes the
above disadvantages of prior art systems and devices of this
type.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a novel
and improved deep sea dive suit which provides for circulation of a
warming fluid through the suit directly to the diver's hands, feet
and other extremities.
Other objects and many of the attendant advantages of this
invention will be readily appreciated as the same becomes better
understood by reference to the following detailed description when
considered in connection with the accompanying drawing wherein:
FIG. 1 of the drawing is a cross-sectional view of the various
layers of material from which the deep sea dive suit of the
invention is constructed;
FIG. 2 of the drawing is a diagrammatic view of one preferred
embodiment of the invention; and
FIG. 3 of the drawing is generally a diagrammatic view of another
preferred embodiment of the invention.
Referring now to the details of FIG. 1 of the drawing, wherein like
reference numerals and letters apply to like parts throughout, it
will be seen that a section of a laminated six layer deep sea dive
suit 10 is shown including a first innermost layer 11 of a thermal
weave material preferably comprising a weave of 50 percent
corrosion resistant steel or other suitable metal and 50 percent
cotton or nylon thread. Layer 11 is therefore designed to provide a
comfortable medium against the diver's body which readily conducts
heat between the body and the interior of the suit 10. The layer 12
includes the vinyl backing 12a that is bonded to the band of
synthetic seal fur 12b which is preferably woven from a suitable
heat conductive, corrosion resistant, metallic material. Layer 12
is bonded to layer 11 by a suitable waterproof glue or the like.
Layer 13 includes the vinyl backing 13a that is bonded to the band
of insulation 13b that is preferably made from a suitable nonporous
sheet rubber material, or an impregnated asbestos fiber material or
any other conventional insulating material. Layer 13 is glued or
otherwise suitably bonded to the outer peripheral insulating layer
15 which is preferably made from a conventional rubber material
such as gum rubber, coated impregnated or laminated fabric rubber
os solid or foamed neoprene. Layers 12 and 13 are preferably spaced
or separated one from the other by a suitable medium 16 that forms
the fluid channel or passageway 14 therebetween. The spacer medium
16 preferably consists of heat conductive metallic members that are
embedded in the vinyl backings of layers 12 and 13 and extend
transversely across the fluid channel or passageway 14.
Referring now to FIG. 2 of the drawing, a diagrammatic
representation of the entire deep sea dive suit 10 as worn by a
diver is shown. The suit 10 is provided with a plurality of
separate compartments, W.sub.1 -W.sub.8 and C.sub.1 -C.sub.5, which
divide the suit into regions corresponding to the warm trunk areas
and cold extremities of the diver's body, each providing its own
fluid channel 14. When the surroundings are too cold, as is common
in most deep dives, the body concentrates on keeping the most vital
parts as warm as possible. To do this, it will let the temperature
of the skin and extremities fall, hence the warm areas of the body
are centered in the chest, stomach, groin and back areas.
The suit 10 is generally divided up into eight warm compartment
areas which preferably include the center chest and upper back area
W.sub.1, the right and left chest and back areas W.sub.2 and
W.sub.3, the right and left stomach and back areas W.sub.4 and
W.sub.5, the right and left hip areas W.sub.6 and W.sub.7 and the
groin and lower back area W.sub.8. The remainder of the suit 10 is
generally divided up into five cold compartment areas which
preferably include the head and upper neck area C.sub.1, the right
and left arm and hand areas C.sub.2 and C.sub.3 and the right and
left leg and foot areas C.sub.4 and C.sub.5.
These 13 separate fluid conductive compartments are interconnected
by a plurality of flexible hoses or conduits in the following
manner: The W.sub.1 and C.sub.1 areas are connected through the
fluid discharge conduits 21 and 22 and the fluid return conduits
21' and 22', located on the front and back of the suit 10, fitted
and secured by any desired means so that they communicate with the
respective area fluid channels 14. The W.sub.2 and W.sub.4 areas
and the W.sub.3 and W.sub.5 areas are connected to the C.sub.2 and
C.sub.3 areas respectively by the fluid discharge conduits 23-26
and the fluid return conduits 23'-26'. The W.sub.6, W.sub.7 and
W.sub.8 areas are connected to the C.sub.4 and C.sub.5 areas by by
the fluid discharge conduits 27-30 and the fluid return conduits
27'-30'. The variable pressure-charger cylinders 31-40, which
preferably include individual sources of a suitable high pressure
fluid, are respectively connected to the fluid channels of the
various compartment areas for purposes which will be more apparent
hereinafter.
In operation, prior to beginning a deep dive in cold water, warmed
water or any other suitable fluid is disposed in the fluid
passageway of each of the separate compartments of the suit 10. The
conventional external pressure-charger cylinders 31-40 regulate and
maintain the pressure of the fluid in the fluid passageway 14 at a
differential of approximately one atmosphere greater than the
increasing external sea pressure, as the diver descends during his
dive. Heat produced by the diver's body is conducted through the
thermal weave 11 into the fluid passageway 14 to heat the warm,
trapped fluid. Layers 13 and 15 of the suit insulate the fluid in
the passageway 14 from the cold of the deep sea. The
pressure-charger cylinders 31-40 by maintaining the pressure
differential between the trapped fluid and the external sea at
approximately 1 atmosphere prevent blockage of the fluid path and
continuous circulation from the warm to the cold areas of the body
is assured.
Referring now to FIG. 3 of the drawing, in another preferred
embodiment of the invention, a life support oxygen supply system is
used to provide the fluid medium that circulates through the
various compartments of the diver suit 60. The life support oxygen
supply system may be carried on the back of the diver by an
arrangement of conventional waist and shoulder straps. The system
includes the insulated high pressure storage tank or cylinder 61
which has a cryogenic liquid mixture disposed therein. The
cryogenic mixture may consist of either liquid air or any other
suitable breathing mixture, the selection depending mainly on the
depth of the dive to be performed. For example, for extended deep
dives below 200 feet, a helium-oxygen breathing mixture is
preferred. The cylinder 61 is preferably an insulated stainless
steel construction which preserves the low temperature and
operating life of the cryogenic mixture so that the diver may
thereby extend the length of his dive. The insulated transfer line
62 connects the cylinder 61 to the insulated gas reservoir cylinder
65 through the expansion valve 63 and the heat exchanger 64. The
heat exchanger 64 preferably uses boiling sea water as the heat
exchange medium 67 and an electric induction heater device 68 as
the power source therefor. It will be apparent, however, that the
heat exchange medium may be heated by any desired means during the
passage of the cryogenic liquid through the heat exchanger.
The gas reservoir cylinder 65 is connected to the inlet
distribution manifold 70 through the insulated transfer line 69 and
the regulated expansion valve 71. Suit 60 is constructed and
divided into fluid transmittal compartments w.sub.1 -w.sub.8
similar to those of suit 10 described hereinabove. Fluid conduits
72-79 extend from manifold 70 to the suit 60 and engage receptacles
in its warm area compartments that are alternatively adapted to
receive the pressure charged cylinders 31-40 in the embodiment of
the invention of FIG. 2. The fluid discharge conduits 80-84 of the
cold area compartments of suit 60 are connected to the outlet
manifold 85 and the insulated gas conditioning and mixing cylinder
86 through transfer line 87. The reservoir cylinder 65 is also
connected to the gas conditioning and mixing cylinder 86 through
control valve 88 and transfer line 87. The cylinder 86 is also
connected to the diver's face mask 89 through the breathing tube 90
and the pressure regulator 91 which reduces and regulates the
pressure of gas from cylinder 86 to the required breathing
pressure.
The instrument and control panel 92 is mounted in any suitable
position where the diver can observe and/or adjust the temperature,
pressure, gas mixture and depth gauge instruments 93-98
thereon.
In the operation of the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 3
of the drawing, flow of the cryogenic liquid from the reservoir
cylinder 61 to the heat exchanger 64 is controlled to adjustment of
expansion valve 63. Adjustment of the temperature control device 93
controls the flow of electrical energy through the heating coil of
the exchanger 64 and the cryogenic liquid is vaporized and warmed
in a desired manner. The warmed vapor is then circulated through
suit 60 where it transmits warmth from the warm area compartments
of the suit to the cold area compartments of the suit. The
expansion valve 71 reduces the pressure of the warmed vapor to a
proper value prior to its entry into the suit such that a pressure
differential of approximately 1 atmosphere is maintained between
its pressure and the pressure of the sea pressure. The warmed vapor
then is conducted into the mixing cylinder 86 where it is mixed
with vapor from cylinder 65. Adjustment of the control device 94
and the pressure regulator 91 provides the desired breathing
pressure in the mask 89.
It is to be noted that the simplest type of scuba and the one most
frequently used by divers is the open circuit, demand type system.
A special type of regulator adjusts the air pressure automatically
and supplies air on demand when the diver inhales, and the air is
exhausted into the water when he exhales. The principal drawback of
the demand type gear is the limited duration of the amount of air
the diver can carry. However, by supplying the diver with a gas
mixture derived from a cylinder containing a cryogenic liquid, a
much greater final volume of gas may be obtained when the liquid is
finally converted to a vapor thereby extending the time of the dive
without adding any additional tanks that the diver must carry
during his dive. For example, a standard scuba tank having a volume
of 70 cu. ft. can contain liquid air stored at approximately
-260.degree. F. which when heated will vaporize and expand to
approximately 42,000 cu. ft. of gas, an amount sufficient to allow
a diver to remain under water for approximately 20 hours at a depth
of a 1,000 feet.
Obviously, many modification and variations of the present
invention are possible in the light of the above teachings. It is
therefore to be understood that, within the scope of the appended
claims, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as
specifically described.
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