U.S. patent number 3,647,211 [Application Number 05/044,109] was granted by the patent office on 1972-03-07 for plastic tennis racket having predetermined cross sections effecting flexibility.
Invention is credited to James H. Doessel, Patrick A. McKenna.
United States Patent |
3,647,211 |
Doessel , et al. |
March 7, 1972 |
PLASTIC TENNIS RACKET HAVING PREDETERMINED CROSS SECTIONS EFFECTING
FLEXIBILITY
Abstract
A tennis racket frame of molded plastic includes head, shaft and
handle portions with the cross sections thereof, together with the
characteristics of the plastic material, providing maximum flex at
the upper end of the head, secondary flexing at the throat area
adjacent the head, lesser flexing at the base of the head, and the
minimum of flexing at the shaft adjacent to handle. Shaft apertures
and texturing of the handle can be molded in at the same time that
the proper cross-sectional areas of these parts are formed. The
cross-sectional area of the head is T-shaped and the string
apertures are bridged by guides about which the strings extend in
order to reduce wear thereof.
Inventors: |
Doessel; James H. (Chicago,
IL), McKenna; Patrick A. (Glenview, IL) |
Family
ID: |
21930575 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/044,109 |
Filed: |
June 8, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
473/535;
273/DIG.1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A63B
49/10 (20130101); A63B 60/00 (20151001); A63B
60/10 (20151001); A63B 2049/0211 (20130101); Y10S
273/01 (20130101); A63B 60/08 (20151001); A63B
2209/026 (20130101); A63B 60/06 (20151001); A63B
60/52 (20151001) |
Current International
Class: |
A63B
49/02 (20060101); A63B 49/14 (20060101); A63B
49/10 (20060101); A63b 049/10 () |
Field of
Search: |
;273/73,DIG.1,80,DIG.7 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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227,012 |
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Jan 1925 |
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228,650 |
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Feb 1925 |
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GB |
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381,673 |
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Oct 1932 |
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GB |
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450,521 |
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Oct 1934 |
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GB |
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815,921 |
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Jul 1959 |
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GB |
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1,048,807 |
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Jan 1959 |
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DT |
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1,816,112 |
|
Oct 1969 |
|
DT |
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1,923,910 |
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Nov 1969 |
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DT |
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237,395 |
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Jul 1925 |
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GB |
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1,512,401 |
|
Jan 1968 |
|
FR |
|
Primary Examiner: Oechsle; Anton O.
Assistant Examiner: Apley; Richard J.
Claims
We claim:
1. A tennis racket frame for stringing including a closed loop head
portion having a T-shaped cross section, with the base of the T
projecting inwardly substantially parallel to the head plane and
forming the string support structure, said racket frame further
having a handle portion joined to said head portion at a throat
portion by a shaft portion, all of said portions of said frame
being an entirely one-piece molded plastic material reinforced with
glass filler, each of said portions of said frame having a
predetermined cross section, said shaft and throat portions having
openings therethrough to coact with said predetermined cross
sections to control and determine the flexing of said racket frame,
and wherein the cross section of the upper portion of said head
portion with respect to the cross section of said throat portion
providing a greater degree of flexing transverse to the plane of
said upper head portion than the degree of flexing of said throat
portion, the cross section of said throat portion with respect to
the cross section of said head portion adjacent said throat portion
providing a greater degree of flexing of said throat portion than
the degree of flexing of said head portion adjacent said throat
portion, the cross section of said head portion adjacent said
throat portion with respect to the cross section of said shaft
portion providing a greater degree of flexing of said head portion
adjacent said throat portion than the flexing of said shaft portion
and the cross section of said handle portion having the least
degree of flexing than any other portion of said racket frame.
2. The combination of claim 1 in which said plastic material is
polycarbonate resin reinforced with 10 to 20 percent glass
filler.
3. The combination of claim 1 in which the base of said T-shaped
cross section of said head portion includes apertures for strings
of said racket, pairs of adjacent ones of said string apertures
having raised guides therebetween to receive a racket string from
one side of said head portion through one of said apertures, around
one of said guides and through the other of the pair of said
apertures.
4. The combination of claim 3 in which said guides have circular
peripheries about which the racket string may pass.
5. The combination of claim 1 in which the surface of said handle
is textured to facilitate manual gripping thereof.
Description
GENERAL
Tennis racket frames are normally made of wood or metal which can
provide many of the necessary physical properties for satisfactory
performance. However, during use there are generally problems of
racket distortion with the passage of time, for example warping of
a wooden racket, or distortion with actual use, for example bending
of a metal frame. In providing a racket with proper playing
characteristics of balance and "feel," as well as desirable
durability, the cost of manufacture increases considerably.
SUMMARY
An object hereof is to reduce the cost of racket manufacture by
forming the frame of a molded plastic.
Another object is to form a tennis racket frame which has minimum
distortion over a period of time and which has minimum response to
temperature and humidity changes.
Another object is to provide a plastic tennis racket which has the
flexibility, strength, and weight to exhibit highly desirable
playing "feel" and balance.
In a specific form the tennis racket hereof includes a frame which
is preferably formed of a molded plastic such as polycarbonate
resin with up to 20 percent glass content. The shaft and throat
areas are apertured, and the cross section of the loop which forms
the head is made generally T-shaped. These cross sections are
related to the bending characteristics of the plastic such that the
upper portion of the head has the greatest flexing characteristic,
the throat area has the next greatest flexing characteristic, and
the base of the head has a still lesser flexing characteristic. The
shaft adjacent the handle has a still lesser flexing characteristic
and of course the handle has the least flexing. In order to reduce
string wear the T-shaped cross section of the head has string
apertures which are bridged by raised portions or guides about
which the strings pass through smoothed and rounded troughlike
areas in order to increase the string life of the racket. The
handle can have either a molded texture or can be separately
wrapped depending on the grip desired.
THE DRAWINGS
In the drawing, FIG. 1 is a plan view of a tennis racket
constructed in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of the racket of FIG. 1 with the sections
taken as shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an end view of the racket of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a greatly enlarged view of the string hole construction
of the racket of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a sectional view along the lines 5--5 of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a modified form of the string hole construction of FIG.
4; and
FIG. 7 is a still further modified form of the string hole
construction of FIG. 4.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The molded tennis racket of FIGS. 1-5 is preferably formed in one
piece. The racket 10 includes (FIG. 2) a handle section A, a shaft
section B, a throat section C, a lower head section D, and an upper
head section E. The handle section A is hollow with an aperture 12
extending therein almost the full length of the handle. As shown in
FIG. 1 the exterior of the handle is roughened or knurled at 14
providing a gripping surface.
The shaft section B, as well as the throat section C, include
apertures 16 which help to provide the desired amount of flexing,
discussed in detail subsequently, and also play a part in fixing
the total weight of the racket which should be of the order of 12
or 13 ounces and similar to the weight of prior art wooden rackets.
The apertures further help to establish the racket balance, that is
the center of gravity.
The head of the racket 10 is in the shape of an oval as viewed from
the plan view of the racket in FIG. 1 and has a periphery with a
cross section in a generally T shape as visible in FIG. 2. The base
of the T-shape 18 faces inwardly and the top of the T-shape 20
forms the outer periphery of the head. As seen in FIG. 1 the base
of the T-shape 18 is apertured so that the strings can be passed
through the apertures and strung across the racket in the usual
woven pattern. Details of the stringing construction are discussed
below.
The racket 10 is preferably molded in one step and composed of a
plastic material which has the necessary mechanical properties.
Consideration must be given to the impact strength of the material,
since considerable force can be generated in the racket during use
and to the fatigue characteristics of the material which may permit
failure with age and use. Furthermore, there must be a proper
degree of flexibility in order to have the proper feel and to avoid
likelihood of breaking through brittleness. It should also be
recognized that the head of the racket is under a considerable
stress due to the tension of the strings 24 so that the material of
the racket must have a minimum tendency to creep or distort under
this stress with time. After repeated stressing and consequent
racket deflection or bending through striking of the ball, the
plastic material must have a memory quality such that it returns to
its original undistorted shape. Plastic material will normally have
virtually no moisture response, compared to wood, e.g., but it
should be selected to avoid brittleness with low temperatures and
distortion with heat normally encountered.
In addition to the above-described strength and aging properties it
is, of course, also necessary that the material not be unduly dense
so that the weight of the racket would go beyond that normally
found in wooden rackets, which may be, for example, 123/4
ounces.
One suitable material for the composition of the racket is a
polycarbonate resin which has been combined with approximately
10-20 percent glass fiber. One such plastic material is available,
for example, under the trade name Lexan. Other suitable materials
are acrylonitrile-styrene with 20 percent glass or
acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene with 20 percent glass.
We have also found that in constructing the racket 10 the various
lettered portions thereof of FIG. 2 should have a certain
relationship of flexing characteristics as the racket is viewed in
FIG. 2, that is flexing in a direction transverse to the view of
FIG. 1. This relationship is such that the upper head portion E has
the greatest flexing characteristic, the throat portion C has the
next greatest flexing characteristic, and the lower portion of the
head D has a lesser flexing characteristic. The shaft B has a still
lesser flexing characteristic, and the handle A has the least
amount of flexing. These references to flexing characteristic all
refer to bending of the racket as viewed in FIG. 2 with the handle
section A clamped and the force applied to the outer end of the
head. The relationship of comparative flexing is achieved by
adjusting the cross sections of the various portions in relation to
the bending characteristics of the material of the racket. For
example, as seen in FIG. 2 there is a tapering of the head as it
extends outwardly from the throat area C which promotes an
increased bending characteristic in the upper head portion E. The
throat portion C is tapered somewhat toward the shaft portion B as
seen in FIG. 2 and further has the apertures 16 through the flat
plan of the racket which can be adjusted in size to achieve the
desired bending characteristic. Similarly, the apertures in the
shaft section B can control the flexing characteristic of that
portion to be less than that of the lower head portion D. It will
also be recognized that the apertures 16 provide some advantage of
reduced windage effect as the racket is swung in use.
Since the racket strings 24 are under a tension of 50 to 65 lbs.,
and since this tension increases considerably beyond that when a
tennis ball is struck, wear can develop at the points where the
strings contact the head of the racket. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5
we contemplate the addition of raised rounded string guides or
bunkers 28 to avoid having the string 24 pass around sharp
corners.
The base of the T-shape 18 of the head has apertures 30 therein
which are in pairs at opposite sides of the raised annular
half-ring 28. As seen in FIG. 4 the strings extend from one side of
the oval head to the other and pass under the T-shaped base or
flange 18 and up through a hole 30. The string then passes around
the circular periphery of the raised portion or guide 28 and down
through the adjacent hole.
Modified forms of the string guide are shown in FIGS. 6 and 7. In
the form of FIG. 6 the string 24 passes around the circular raised
guide 28a which is molded integral with flange 18 of the racket
head.
In the form shown of FIG. 7 the string 24 passes around a series of
raised projections or posts 28b which are spaced in a circular
pattern approximately corresponding to the periphery of the
circular guide 28a of FIG. 6. It should be clear that other
configurations beyond the half-ring guide 28 of FIG. 4, the
circular guide 28a, and the series of posts 28b are possible to
accomplish the smooth reversal of the string without creating focal
points for strain.
The described tennis racket, formed of plastic, has the advantage
of reduced influence by environmental conditions, for example as
compared to the influence of humidity on a wooden racket. It also
has the advantage of ruggedness and reduced cost, while at the same
time maintaining a weight and playing "feel" much like other known
rackets. The described flexing characteristics and the means of
achieving them, as well as the means of anchoring the string in the
racket head, contribute to an overall design which is both
economical for manufacture in production quantities and highly
durable and serviceable in use.
* * * * *