U.S. patent number 3,647,144 [Application Number 05/024,260] was granted by the patent office on 1972-03-07 for swivel spray apparatus.
This patent grant is currently assigned to American Standard Inc.. Invention is credited to James Richard Griffin, Richard Grant Parkison.
United States Patent |
3,647,144 |
Parkison , et al. |
March 7, 1972 |
SWIVEL SPRAY APPARATUS
Abstract
A swivel type of apparatus, suitable as a plumbing fitting, for
providing a single stream or a spray stream. The apparatus includes
a ball type of swivel employing an O-ring positioned along the axis
of the ball structure so as to seal the swivel arrangement against
leakage. The apparatus also includes a hand-controlled slider
component which may be moved either to a position so as to render
the apparatus capable of supplying the single stream, or to another
position so as to provide the spray stream. The apparatus also
includes a flow controller in the form of a pair of disks for
rendering the two types of streams developed by the apparatus
substantially free of the effect of varying pressures of the liquid
supplied to the apparatus. The disks include (1) a rigid disk
having a plurality of small apertures which are parallel to each
other and (2) a flexible disk mounted closely adjacent to the rigid
disk, the flexible disk having a smaller number of apertures of
larger diameter. The flexible disk also includes a plurality of
flexible projections which normally are barely in contact with the
rigid disk and which become compressed to reduce the "open" area of
fluid transmission as the pressure of the fluid rises above a
predetermined value so as to render the exit stream substantially
independent of the pressure variations.
Inventors: |
Parkison; Richard Grant
(Louisville, KY), Griffin; James Richard (Louisville,
KY) |
Assignee: |
American Standard Inc. (New
York, NY)
|
Family
ID: |
21819675 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/024,260 |
Filed: |
March 31, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
239/456 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E03C
1/086 (20130101); B05B 1/1681 (20130101); F16K
31/58 (20130101); B05B 15/654 (20180201); B05B
1/18 (20130101); E03C 2001/082 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B05B
1/14 (20060101); B05B 1/16 (20060101); E03C
1/086 (20060101); E03C 1/02 (20060101); B05B
15/00 (20060101); F16K 31/44 (20060101); B05B
15/06 (20060101); F16K 31/58 (20060101); B05B
1/18 (20060101); B05b 001/32 () |
Field of
Search: |
;239/451,452,453,456,460
;138/43,46 ;137/525,525.3 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Wood, Jr.; M. Henson
Assistant Examiner: Grant; Edwin D.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. Spout apparatus for connection at the end of a faucet comprising
means for producing a single stream, means for producing a spray
stream, manually adjustable means for selectively operating the
single stream producing means or the spray stream producing means,
and a flow controller for rendering the apparatus substantially
free of incoming fluid pressure variations exceeding a
predetermined level, said flow controller including two adjacent
normally parallel disks having apertures through which fluid
traverses, one of said disks having flexible projections which
become deflected as the pressure level rises above the
predetermined level and effectively reduces the fluid transmission
area of said apertures.
2. Spout apparatus according to claim 1, including a ball-type
swivel structure for changing the flow direction of the emitted
stream.
3. Spout apparatus according to claim 2, in which one of the disks
of the flow controller is made of a flexible material and the other
disk is made of a rigid material, both disks including a plurality
of apertures, the number of apertures in the rigid disk exceeding
the number in the flexible disk.
4. Spout controller apparatus according to claim 3, in which the
manually adjustable means includes a concaval outer body which may
be gripped by the fingers of the user to select the desired stream
to be emitted.
5. Spout apparatus for a faucet comprising a flow controller
consisting of two adjacent normally parallel disks each having a
plurality of apertures through which fluid may flow, one of the
disks having flexible projections to be deflected in accordance
with elevation of the fluid pressure above a predetermined value, a
ball-type swivel member having a central aperture, said swivel
member being contiguous to and downstream of the flow controller, a
director structure shaped so as to produce a spray stream, a
plurality of screens which are parallel to each other and through
which the fluid may flow to emit a single stream, and a concavally
shaped outer body coupled to said director structure and said
screen structure, the concaval surface of said outer body being
grippable by the hand of the user to move the outer body to select
the path of fluid flow either through the director structure or
through the screen structure.
6. Spout apparatus for a faucet according to claim 5 including a
socket cup for retaining the flow controller and the swivel
structure while permitting angular adjustability of the swivel
structure.
7. Spout apparatus comprising means for establishing a plurality of
different stream patterns, means for selecting one of the stream
patterns for transmission through the apparatus to the exclusion of
the other stream patterns, and means for rendering all of the
stream patterns emitted by the apparatus substantially free of
pressure variations in the incoming fluid exceeding a predetermined
value, said rendering means including a pair of closely adjacent
parallel disks each embodying a plurality of apertures, one of the
disks including a plurality of flexible projections adjacent to the
other disk, the projections being distorted in response to the
magnitude of the applied pressure.
8. Spout apparatus according to claim 7, in which the selecting
means includes a manually controllable concaval member which may be
gripped by the user to control the stream pattern to be
selected.
9. Spout apparatus according to claim 7, including a ball-type
swivel structure for manually adjusting and controlling the angular
path of fluid flow through the apparatus.
10. Spout apparatus for selectively generating either one of two
different fluid stream patterns, comprising means including a
central exit flow path for generating the first of the streams,
means including an exit flow path coaxial with the central exit
flow path for generating the second of the streams, a manipulable
outer body which is concavally shaped and which, when manipulated
in one direction, will render the apparatus operative to generate
the first stream and, when manipulated in the opposite direction,
will render the apparatus operative to generate the second stream,
and a flow controller upstream of said stream generating means for
rendering the generated streams substantially independent of
changes in fluid pressure exceeding a predetermined value, said
flow controller including a pair of adjacent disks each having a
plurality of apertures through which the fluid may traverse
continually, the upstream disk having a plurality of flexible
projections which become deflected by increased fluid pressures
above said predetermined value to modify the effective areas of
said apertures of the downstream disk.
11. Spout apparatus according to claim 10 in which the manipulable
body is so shaped and proportioned that the flow paths are
substantially balanced so that no springs are required to change
from the stream of one of the flow paths to the stream of the other
flow path.
12. Spout apparatus according to claim 10 in which the manipulable
outer body is concaval in shape.
13. Spout apparatus according to claim 10 which includes a
ball-type swivel structure for manually changing the direction of
the selected flow path of the apparatus.
Description
This invention relates to fluid spouts capable of producing either
of two different types of fluid streams, (1) a single stream and
(2) a spray stream. This invention also relates to spout apparatus
employing a ball type of swivel so arranged that the spout
apparatus may be turned or rotated into any desired direction to
change the path of the generated stream. This invention also
relates to swivel spout apparatus which includes means for
rendering the stream, whether it is a single stream or a spray
stream, substantially free of variations in the pressure of the
liquid transmitted to the spout apparatus.
This invention will be better and more clearly understood from the
following and more detailed description and explanation hereinafter
following when read in connection with the accompanying drawing in
which;
FIG. 1 illustrates schematically a longitudinal cross-sectional
view through the center of the swivel spout apparatus of this
invention;
FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate, respectively, a plan view and a central
cross-sectional view of a flexible disk which is part of the flow
controller of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1;
FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate, respectively, a plan view and a central
cross-sectional view of the rigid disk of the flow controller of
the apparatus shown in FIG. 1; and, in contrast to FIG. 1,
FIGS. 6 and 7 respectively illustrate fragments of the longitudinal
cross-sectional views of the mechanism of this invention in its
single stream position and its spray stream position.
Referring particularly to FIG. 1 of the drawing, which shows
schematically a general assembly of the parts of the swivel spout
apparatus of this invention, and referring also to FIGS. 6 and 7,
which show the apparatus in the single stream position and in the
spray stream position, respectively, the ball type of swivel is
designated 1 and it is arcuately retained within a socket cap 2, as
shown. As better seen in FIG. 1, the ball structure 1 also includes
a shoulder segment 1a, under which a shroud 3 is positioned. The
apparatus also includes a hand-controlled, contoured outer body 4
which encloses an adjacent director 5. The director 5 includes an
inner sleeve 5a which retains another sleeve 6. The sleeve 6
embodies an inner collar 6a which is supported against a stationary
inner body 7. The inner body 7 and the outer body 4 have an opening
between them in which a cup-shaped seal 8 is positioned.
Within the sleeve 6 there is a fixed screen retainer 9 which is
contoured so as to receive four screens each designated 11 and a
screen spacer 10. The screen spacer 10 separates the upper two
screens from the lower two screens. All four screens 11 and the
screen spacer 10 are held in position by a retaining screw 20 which
is threaded into and held by a collar 21.
An adapter 12 is screw threaded to the socket cap 2 as already
noted. The external threads of the adapter 12 are also designed for
connection to a kitchen spout, for example, which may be located
in, and may be part of, a kitchen sink to which the swivel spout
apparatus of this invention may be physically connected. The
adapter 12 supports a flow controller 13 which consists of two
disks, a flexible disk 14 and a rigid disk 15 which are closely
adjacent to each other.
As shown more clearly in FIGS. 2 and 3, the flexible disk 14
embodies a plurality of apertures which are normally substantially
cylindrical in shape and parallel to each other. The central
aperture is designated A1 and the six peripheral apertures are
designated A11. The peripheral apertures are all equally spaced
from each other and from the central aperture A1. Moreover, the
flexible disk 14 includes a multiplicity of projections, all of
which are flexible. All of these projections designated P
preferably may be semispherical in shape but any other shape may be
satisfactory.
The rigid disk 15 embodies a larger number of parallel apertures
designated A50. The diameter of each of these apertures is smaller
than the diameter of the apertures A1 and A11 of the flexible disk
14. The rigid disk 15 also includes a retaining seat RS which is
provided to receive and hold the circumferential aperture AP of the
flexible disk 14. The rigid disk 15 may also include a skirt SK
which may extend in the flow direction for any desired length, as
may be desired in particular structures.
FIG. 1 is a schematic drawing which has been sketched to show the
outer body 4 in two positions, (1) the position at the left-hand
side of the drawing which is the position in which the single
stream will be produced, and (2) the position at the right-hand
side of the drawing which is the position of the outer body 4 when
the spray pattern is to be produced. FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate
fragments of the apparatus to show the outer body 4 and the
adjacent and related parts for the single stream position and the
spray position, respectively.
The outer body 4 may be manipulated by the hand of the user to
place the outer body 4 either in the position at the left to
establish the single stream or in the position at the right to
establish the spray stream. When the outer body 4 is manipulated to
the position at the left, the director 5 and the sleeve 6 will be
in their uppermost positions for yielding the single stream. The
structure will yield a downwardly directed single stream through
the spray apparatus of FIG. 1 over a path as indicated by the
central flow arrows 100 and, near the bottom of the inner body 7,
the stream will be diverted into a path through an aperture 110 and
then again downwardly moved in the direction of the arrow 120
through all of the screens 11 adjacent the exit or mouth of the
spout apparatus.
If a spray stream is desired instead of a single stream, the outer
body 4 may be manipulated by the user into the position shown
schematically at the right-hand side of FIG. 1. In this position,
the director 5 and the sleeve 6 will be in their lowermost
positions. Hence, water travelling along the path of the
directional arrows 100 will be diverted laterally, as shown by the
arrow 200, into the downward path of the arrows 210 and then
exiting as a spray pattern established between and formed by the
director 5 and the sleeve 6. The single stream corresponding to the
position at the left of FIG. 1 may be used, for example, for
washing dishes, while the spray screen produced by the positioning
of the apparatus, as shown at the right of FIG. 1, may be employed
for rinsing the dishes.
One of the features of this invention is the employment of the
O-ring 16 which is positioned along a diameter of the swivel ball
1, the O-ring being substantially aligned with the center of the
ball 1. This position of the O-ring 16 provides not only a good
seal against the escape of water between the ball structure 1 and
the cap 2, but it also contributes to the even, uniform movement of
the spout apparatus as it is swiveled from one angular position to
another, as desired, to change the direction in which the flow of
fluid is to be emitted by the apparatus. If the O-ring is in a
position substantially different from a diameter of the ball
structure, there would be an increased tendency for leakage through
the apparatus and, moreover, the swivel action would subject the
ring to increased wear.
Whether the apparatus is in a single stream position or in a spray
stream position, or whether or not the angle through which the
apparatus is tilted is large or small, the flow of water through
the apparatus will be substantially uniform notwithstanding wide
variations in the pressure of the fluid supplied to the apparatus
above a predetermined pressure. This is an important feature of the
apparatus. The fluid entering the apparatus will traverse the
parallel apertures of both the flexible disk 14 and the rigid disk
15 and be emitted through the exit or mouth of the apparatus. If
the fluid pressure is equal to, or substantially equal to, a
predetermined value such as, for example, 30 p.s.i., the flexible
disk 14 and the rigid disk 15 will both be substantially parallel
to each other. The projections P on the flexible disk 14 will
barely touch the adjacent surface of the rigid disk 15. However, as
will be explained, substantially wide pressure variations will not
significantly alter the volume or flow path of the emitted
fluid.
As the fluid pressure rises above the predetermined value of, for
example, 30 p.s.i., the fluid will develop a substantially uniform
but increased pressure against the adjacent upstream side of the
flexible disk 14. The increased pressure will deflect the
projections P of the flexible disk 14, according to the magnitude
of the increased pressure, the projections P being depressed into
somewhat different shapes depending upon the magnitude of the
increased pressure. This will result in a reduction, not only in
the spacing between the centers of the two disks 14 and 15, but
also in a reduction of the exposed area or of the "openings" of the
apertures A1 to A50 of the rigid disk 15. Notwithstanding the
increased fluid pressure, the flow of fluid through the swivel
spout apparatus will be substantially constant.
The flexible disk 14 and the rigid disk 15 are described and
illustrated in a copending application of R. G. Parkison, filed of
even date herewith, which is assigned to the assignee of the
present application.
The swivel spout apparatus of this application employs no springs
for holding any of the parts or components in their assigned
positions. No springs are required. When the sleeve 6 is in its
uppermost position, as is schematically shown on the left-hand side
of FIG. 1, the sleeve 6 will remain in that position at all times,
whether or not fluid is flowing through the apparatus. In the upper
position of the sleeve 6, the flow of water above the screen
retainer 9 will provide an increased pressure level due to the
restriction of the flow path due to the interposition of the rim of
retainer 9. This pressure will hold the collar 6a of sleeve 6 in
the upper position notwithstanding the downward pressure applied
against the screens 11. Were this restriction in the spacing not
provided, the collar 6a would require some spring action or other
assistance. The absence of a spring naturally improves the
operation and also reduces maintenance problems.
In the down position of the sleeve 6, as is shown schematically at
the right-hand side of FIG. 1, the sleeve 6 will be held in its
lowermost position due to the pressure level in the chamber 18
above sleeve 6. Again, no springs will be required to maintain the
sleeve 6 in this position.
It is especially noted that the outer body 4 has an external
contour which is concaval in shape. This is especially suitable for
use in a fluid spout apparatus which is to be manually adjustable
for producing either a single stream or a spray stream. The user's
fingers will readily be retained on the inwardly directed external
contour of the outer body 4 to shift from one position to another
even when the surface or the fingers are wet. Thus, by gripping the
outer body by finger pressure, the user can readily manipulate the
apparatus without slippage.
The flow controller apparatus, which consists, as already
explained, of the flexible disk 14 and the rigid disk 15, is
especially important for the home user in that it serves to reduce
the splash that would ordinarily accompany random changes in the
pressure of the water supplied to the apparatus. The structure
conserves water because the flow through the apparatus is
maintained at the desired or optimal rate. It is further noted
that, by the use of the spout apparatus of this invention, applied
fluid pressures as high as 120 p.s.i. will not introduce splash in
the water emitted from the spout apparatus. Thus, the flow of water
from the spout apparatus and the operating conditions will remain
uniform at the desired or optimal rate notwithstanding changes in
the incident water pressure above a predetermined level.
The flow control apparatus shown and described in this application
is disclosed in a copending application of R. G. Parkison, Ser. No.
24,248, filed of even date, entitled "Flow Control Valve for a
Plumbing Fitting," which is assigned to the assignee of the present
application.
The swivel spout apparatus of this invention significantly employs
no aerator. This not only simplifies the structure, but it also
reduces the manufacturing cost. The omission of an aerator also
substantially minimizes maintenance problems. In addition,
contamination of the stream, due to the advent of dirt, etc.,
accumulating at the openings required for aeration, are minimized
and health hazards are also obviated.
Furthermore, the position of the O-ring 16, by being located along
a centerline of the spherical ball member of the swivel structure,
improves the rotatability of the swivel structure when adjusted to
obtain a flow path in any desired direction. By maintaining this
centerline position of the O-ring, pressure against the ball
structure will remain uniform and frictional wear will remain
minimal even under the widely diverse pressure changes.
All of the parts of the swivel spout apparatus, if desired, may be
made of plastic materials, but the shroud 3 may preferably be made
of a metallic material suitably coated or plated. Because of this
construction, the arrangement will be relatively simple, low in
cost and easily cleaned.
It will be observed that the director 5 and the sleeve 6, although
shown as two separate parts, may be combined or constructed as a
single part. This would further simplify the manufacture of the
apparatus and also reduce its cost.
Although the swivel spout apparatus has been shown and described as
embodying means for generating two different types of stream
patterns, i.e., a single stream pattern and a spray stream pattern,
the structure can readily be modified according to this invention
to generate any other types of stream patterns. Moreover, the
structure may also be modified, according to this invention, to
embody means for generating more than two different stream
patterns. The manually controllable outer body structure 4 may, in
any case, be gripped by the user at the exterior concaval surface
thereof to manipulate the outer body structure 4 to select only one
of the stream patterns to the exclusion of all other stream
patterns. It is a feature of the apparatus shown and described in
this invention that only one stream pattern can be developed at any
one time; it is impossible for two stream patterns to be generated
or transmitted simultaneously.
While this invention has been shown and described in certain
particular arrangements merely for illustration and explanation, it
will be clearly understood that the invention, in its various
aspects, may be arranged in other and widely varied organizations
without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.
* * * * *