U.S. patent number 3,647,134 [Application Number 05/060,808] was granted by the patent office on 1972-03-07 for photographic bag.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Continental Can Company, Inc.. Invention is credited to Ernest Carnevalino.
United States Patent |
3,647,134 |
Carnevalino |
March 7, 1972 |
PHOTOGRAPHIC BAG
Abstract
This disclosure relates to a bag constructed particularly for
the packaging of products which are subject to further chemical
reaction, i.e., chemical changes produced in substances by light
being absorbed directly, by reflection, or by transmission, whether
infrared or ultraviolet, as well as from the visible rays of the
spectrum, the bag being formed as a seamless homogeneous one-piece
tube flattened upon itself to define a pair of oppositely disposed
flattened edge portions, the tubing constructed from synthetic
generally opaque plastic material, the flattened material being
folded upon itself at least once to bring the flattened edge
portions into contiguous relationship and form at least a two-ply
tubular member, means securing the edge portions to each other to
define a tubular member having axially opposite end portions, and
means closing at least one of said end portions.
Inventors: |
Carnevalino; Ernest (King of
Prussia, PA) |
Assignee: |
Continental Can Company, Inc.
(New York, NY)
|
Family
ID: |
22031882 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/060,808 |
Filed: |
August 4, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
206/455; 493/189;
383/109; 493/217 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65D
31/10 (20130101); B65D 31/02 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B65D
30/20 (20060101); B65D 30/10 (20060101); B65D
30/08 (20060101); B65d 031/02 (); B65d 031/10 ();
B65d 033/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;229/55,53,62,62.5
;93/35R,35PT ;206/62R ;150/1 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Leclair; Joseph R.
Assistant Examiner: Marcus; Stephen
Claims
I claim:
1. A bag constructed particularly for the packaging of products
which are subject to photochemical reaction comprising a seamless
homogeneous one-piece tube flattened upon itself to define a pair
of oppositely disposed flattened edge portions, said tube being
constructed from synthetic generally opaque plastic material, said
flattened tube being folded upon itself at least once to bring said
flattened edge portions into contiguous relationship and form at
least a two-ply tubular member, means securing said edge portion to
each other to define a tubular member having axially opposite end
portions, and means closing at least one of said end portions.
2. The bag as defined in claim 1 wherein the opaque nature of said
plastic material is defined by opaque material impregnating said
plastic material.
3. The bag as defined in claim 1 wherein the opaque nature of said
plastic material is defined by opaque material impregnating said
plastic material, and said opaque material is randomly disposed in
said plastic material whereby any light-transmitting work produced
by said dispersion in either of said at least two plies are
prevented from transmitting light to the bag interior by the other
of said two plies due to the flattening of said tube upon
itself.
4. The bag as defined in claim 1 wherein said tube is formed by
extruding an admixture of said plastic material containing a random
dispersion of opaque material.
5. The bag as defined in claim 1 wherein said two plies are free of
each other over substantially the entire interior extent of said
tubular member excluding said securing and closing means.
6. The bag as defined in claim 1 including an outer overwrap member
substantially housing said tubular member.
7. The bag as defined in claim 1 wherein said securing means is a
heat seal.
8. The bag as defined in claim 1 including an outer overwrap member
substantially housing said tubular member, and means securing an
outermost ply of said tubular member to said overwrap member
between the axially opposite end portions of the latter.
9. The bag as defined in claim 1 including an outer overwrap member
substantially housing said tubular member, means securing an
outermost ply of said tubular member to said overwrap member
between the axially opposite end portions of the latter, said
plastic material being substantially moisture impermeable, said
overwrap member being moisture permeable, and said last-mentioned
means being an air-setting adhesive.
10. The bag as defined in claim 1 wherein said flattened tube is
devoid of adhesive means between innermost opposing surfaces
thereof.
Description
The present invention is directed to a bag or any other type
container in which is adapted to be packaged products which are
normally adversely affected by a photochemical reaction, more
specifically among which are such products as photographic film or
plates which after exposure must be maintained in a light-free
atmosphere until developed. Though the present invention is
directed particularly to preventing direct light from being
absorbed by exposed photographic film or plates, the bag of the
present invention is useful for packaging any product which is
affected, either good or bad, by light rays, be they visible,
infrared, ultraviolet, etc., and whether the light is reflected,
transmitted or direct. As an example, exposed photographic film or
plates are packaged in so-called "lightproof" bags or similar
containers because once having been exposed further absorption of
light by the silver salts of the film emulsion results in the
transfer of the silver salts into metallic silver, which when
developed, produce dark or overexposed area thus ruining the
desired exposure. This is true of both black-and-white and color
film with the exception that in the latter there are a plurality of
silver salt-emulsion layers with each layer containing a "coupler"
to produce a desired colored dye. However, in each case, extraneous
undesirable light will virtually ruin any exposure and though
perhaps of major concern to amateur and professional photographers
in general, more importance should be attached to such arts as
photocomposition, photoengraving, photogrammetry, photographic
copying, photomicrography, etc., wherein the destruction of a
particular exposure due to light leakage after exposure and prior
to development due to packaging defects would present a vastly more
important consideration than the loss of merely a good "snap
shot."
At present, the major problem of packaging exposed photographic
films or plates is simply that of precluding the introduction of
light rays, be they visible, ultraviolet, or infrared into the
interior of commercially available packages. Most important is what
is known in the industry as "pinholes" which are simply voids which
transmit light into the interior of packages designed to house
exposed photographic articles. One solution, though relatively
expensive, is that of extruding a coating of carbon black pigmented
synthetic plastic material, such as polyethylene, on dark
(preferably black) paper, and forming the paper into a tube which
eventually forms the liner of a duplex bag.
Another attempted solution is that of forming a laminate of at
least three plies which eventually is formed into a bag in which an
outer ply is formed of paperstock material, an inner ply of opaque
pigmented synthetic plastic material, and an inner liner of
metallic foil, or vice versa. From a commercial standpoint both of
these so-called "solutions" are costly since the first involves
achieving as perfect as possible a dispersion between the opaque
pigmentation and the plastic material, the uniform application of
the latter upon the dark paper, and thereafter the unification of
this two-part construction to an outer overwrap. As to the latter,
this adds the additional difficulty in cost involved in laminating
a foil liner and/or overwrap thereto.
Another common duplex bag for this purpose employs paperstock
material, such as kraft paper and a laminated opaque pigmented
polyethylene liner. In order to gain maximum opacity the
polyethylene liner is generally pigmented with carbon black or any
similar type opaque substance. However, even when the carbon black
pigmentation rate is relatively high and the gage of the
polyethylene film is two or three mils, a completely opaque bag
does not always result because of occasional "pinholes" in the film
due to gel particles, incomplete pigment dispersion, and the like.
As was heretofore noted, such areas of light transmission can and
will result in the damage or total loss of exposed film, be it
photographic film, photographic plates, or even the fogging of
X-ray film.
In order to practically, though not necessarily, eliminate the
possibility of light penetrating into the interior of this
structure, it might be theoretically feasible to employ two
pigmented polyethylene liners, each of which would be somewhat
thinner than the single liner heretofore noted. This might be
effective since the possibility of the occasional pinholes in the
two films actually coinciding or aligning would be virtually nil.
However, the use of two polyethylene or any other type liners is
not practical for a variety of reasons. First, the simultaneous
machining of two separate extremely lightweight and extensible or
stretchable liners on commercial bag machines is virtually if not
totally impossible and if possible would undoubtedly result in
extremely low operating speeds and high waste. Furthermore, there
are no known commercially available adhesives of the emulsion-type
required on bag machines which will provide adequately strong bonds
between the two polyethylene plies either in the bag body or the
bag bottom. Finally, even should such adequate emulsion-type
adhesives be developed for this purpose the use between two
relatively moisture impermeable plies of film, such as
polyethylene, would necessarily result in the need to "age" the
bags several weeks before use so as to provide an opportunity for
air to dry out and setup the adhesive.
In keeping with the foregoing invention, each and every of the
foregoing noted disadvantages of known "lightproof" packages have
been eliminated by the construction of a bag in keeping with the
present invention which is formed as a seamless homogeneous
one-piece preferably extruded tube of synthetic plastic material
containing a random dispersion of impregnated opaque material, the
tube being flattened upon itself, and thereafter the flattened tube
being folded upon itself at least once to bring flattened edge
portions into contiguous relationship. After having been
longitudinally seamed along the flattened edge portions and
transversely closed any light-transmitting voids produced by the
dispersion in either of the two plies will invariably not fall into
alignment due to the flattening of the tube upon itself.
By this structure alone, it should be first noted that the bag can
be constructed from but a single tubular member, and if desired the
same may be provided with an outer overwrap. However, in the latter
case, it is unnecessary to extrude the plastic-opaque dispersion
upon a dark paper background to form a liner and if desired unite
the same with an outerwrap or unite three plies as in the case of
commercially available paper-pigmented plastic-foil packages.
Moreover, the difficulty of extruding two thin extensible webs,
adhesively uniting the same, longitudinally seaming the same, and
then using the same individually or with an overwrap is also
avoided. Finally, in the latter case the problem of adhering
impermeable plastic web material to each other to form commercial
bags of the type heretofore described is avoided since it is
absolutely unnecessary and in fact undesirable to adhere opposing
surfaces of the flattened tube to each other. Furthermore, whether
used in the absence of an overwrap or with an overwrap each
disadvantage of commercially known "lightproof" bags is eliminated
by the bag and/or liner of the present invention.
With the above and other objects in view that will hereinafter
appear, the nature of the invention will be more clearly understood
by reference to the following detailed description, the appended
claims and the several views illustrated in the accompanying
drawing.
IN THE DRAWING:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a novel bag constructed in
accordance with the invention with portions thereof broken away for
clarity, and illustrates a seamless homogeneous one-piece tube
flattened upon itself with flattened longitudinal edge portions
being heat-sealed to each other to define a lightproof bag which is
usable per se or in conjunction with an outerwrapper to form a
duplex bag.
FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic sectional view taken through the flattened
bag or liner of FIG. 1 prior to the same being folded upon itself
in the manner indicated by the unnumbered headed arrows.
FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 2 illustrating flattened
longitudinal edge portions of the liner and/or bag in contiguous
relationship, and indicating the manner in which opposing plies are
sealed to each other.
FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional view taken generally along line
4--4 of FIG. 1, and illustrates the flattened, folded upon itself
and longitudinally seamed tubular member forming a liner in
association with the outerwrapper.
FIG. 5 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view taken generally
along the line 5--5 of FIG. 1 prior to the completion of the bag,
and illustrates the manner in which the bottom end portion is twice
folded upon itself to complete the fabrication of the duplex
bag.
Before describing a preferred embodiment of the present invention,
it is pointed out hereinat that the present invention is directed
primarily to a bag formed as a seamless homogeneous one-piece tube
constructed from synthetic generally opaque plastic material
flattened upon itself to define a pair of oppositely disposed
flattened edge portions which are folded into contiguous
relationship and sealed to each other to form a tubular member
which when closed forms a lightproof structure which eliminates the
disadvantages heretofore noted with respect to conventional
packages.
Though the "bag" is preferably of a duplex structure i.e., is
formed with the opaque flattened and folded tube constituting a
liner associated with an outer overwrap, it is to be understood
that the "liner" per se may be a "bag" per se and need not be used
in association with the outer overwrap. Moreover, though the tube
is disclosed as being flattened upon itself and folded but once to
bring longitudinal folded edge portions into lap relationship with
each other, it is to be understood that more than but a single
folding may be employed to form more than but a two-ply
structure.
Referring particularly to FIG. 1 of the drawing, a novel bag
constructed in accordance with this invention is generally
designated by the reference numeral 10 and as a preferred
embodiment of the invention the bag 10 is a "duplex" bag which
includes an inner bag or liner 11 and an outer bag or overwrap
12.
The overwrap 12 is of a completely conventional construction and is
constructed from paperstock material, such as kraft paper, or any
other flexible foldable material which from a web is formed into a
tube having a front wall or panel 13, a rear wall or panel 14,
opposite gussetted sidewalls or panels 15, 16, and a bottom portion
17 folded upon itself twice with adhesive A (FIG. 5) uniting the
lowermost portions (unnumbered) of the walls 13, 14 to each other
in a conventional manner. Longitudinal edges 18, 20 are, of course,
adhesively secured to each other by adhesive, which is indicated by
the stippling in FIG. 1, or by any other conventional means.
The liner or bag 11 of the duplex bag 10 is designed particularly
for the packaging of products which are subject to photochemical
reaction, as was heretofore noted, and comprises a seamless
homogeneous one-piece tube flattened upon itself (FIG. 2) to define
a pair of oppositely disposed flattened edge portions 21, 22. The
tube or bag 11 is constructed from synthetic generally opaque
plastic material, such as polymeric or copolymeric plastic
material, most preferably of which is polyethylene. The flattened
tube, which for purposes of discussion will be more specifically
designated by the reference numeral 23 (FIG. 2) includes in
addition to the folded longitudinal edge portions 21, 22, two walls
or plies 24, 25. The tube 23 is of a predetermined length and thus
includes unnumbered upper and lower end portions, the latter of
which is closed upon the folding of the duplex bag 10 and the
securement of the walls 13, 14 to each other by the adhesive A in
the manner heretofore noted.
In addition to being constructed from plastic material, the tube 23
is extruded after the material thereof has been first intermixed
with a generally opaque material nontransmissive to light, such as
carbon black. The opaque material is admixed with the plastic
material (polyethylene or the like) and is formed into an
impregnated dispersion which under ultimate conditions would
prevent the transmission of light. However, even if the opaque
dispersion (carbon black or an equivalent material) is relatively
high and the thickness of the film is similarly high (2-3 mils) a
completely opaque bag will not always result because of occasional
"pinholes" (light-transmitting voids) in the film due to gel
particles, incomplete pigment dispersion, and the like. To prevent
such light transmission and avoid the disadvantages in known
packages heretofore noted, the tube 23 is first flattened upon
itself (FIG. 2) and is then folded upon itself at least once to
form a folded two-ply tubular member 30 (FIG. 3). The flattened
edge portions 21, 22 are in overlapped relation but, as claimed,
the term "contiguous" is intended to mean not only the overlapped
relation illustrated in FIGS. 1, 3 and 4, but also end-to-end butt
relationship or a space relationship with any type seam
therebetween such as a strip of tape extending along the
longitudinal length of the edge portions 21, 22 so long as the tape
is of a lightproof construction. Moreover, a "fin" type seal is
also intended by the term "contiguous" as is any construction in
which the edge portions 21, 22 are joined to each other in any
manner, either directly or by an intervening structure.
Upon folding the flattened tube 23 upon itself to form the tubular
member 30 the flattened tube 23 is likewise provided with flattened
inner folded edge portions 31, 32 of a two-ply construction, as
opposed to the four-ply construction of the edge portions 21, 22.
Furthermore, instead of being of a single ply as is the flattened
tube 23 defined by the walls 24, 25, the tubular member 30 is of a
two-ply construction defined by the now folded upon themselves
walls 24, 25 which for purposes of description are indicated more
exactingly by the reference numerals 34, 35 indicating the
respective outer and inner plies of the tubular member 30. As is
best illustrated in FIG. 4, the contiguous edge portions 21, 22 of
the tubular member 30 are secured to each other by longitudinal
seam 36 which is preferably a heat-seal between the portion
(unnumbered) of the plies 34, 35 in opposed relationship to each
other at the edge portions 21, 22. Though the heat seal 36 is a
preferable way of adhering the edge portions 21, 22 to each other,
it is to be understood that other conventional means may be
employed for this purpose.
The tubular member 30 includes, of course, upper and lower end
portions (unnumbered) which are coincident with those of the
outerwrapper 12, and the lower end portions is, of course, closed
upon the overfolding end securement of the wall 13, 14 to each
other by the adhesive A. However, it is to be particularly noted
that apart from the adhesive A and the securing means 36 no further
securement is provided between the outer ply 34 and the inner
surface (unnumbered) of the outerwrapper 12 or between the outer
ply 34 of the tubular member 30 and the inner ply 35 thereof.
Adhesive may, of course, be provided between the outer surface of
the outer ply 34 of the tubular member 30 and the inner surface of
the outerwrapper 12. However, most importantly, is the fact that no
means whatever is provided for securing the inner surface of the
outer ply 34 of the tubular member 30 to the outer surface of the
inner ply 35, as is clearly indicated in FIG. 3. This is important
because, as was heretofore noted, emulsion-type adhesives are
presently unavailable for adequately securing moisture-impermeable
material, such as a material from which the tubular member 30 is
constructed, to itself. Moreover, as was heretofore noted even if
such type adhesives were developed, and they were applied between
the plies 34, 35 it would be necessary to "age" or store the
eventually formed duplex bags and to permit air to set or cure such
adhesives prior to shipment and/or use. Thus, by forming the
flattened tube 11 as a seamless homogeneous blow-mold member, it is
unnecessary to adhere the plies of the eventual folded tubular
member 30 to each other thus avoiding the added cost of storage
space which would be required for the purpose of aging or curing
the adhesive and, moreover, production is increased since the only
two seals which form the duplex bag 10 are the seals 36, which is a
heat-seal requiring little or negligible aging and the seal formed
by the adhesive A which because it is between a paper-paper
interface is aged or cured sufficiently after leaving the
bag-forming machine to be stacked, packaged and shipped in the
absence of interim storage. This is because the paperstock material
of the overwrap 12 is porous and air and/or heat rapidly sets the
adhesive, and thus there is no delay time prior to shipping as
might be necessitated if an adhesive were applied between the
impermeable plies 34, 35 of the tubular member 30.
It is pointed out that the construction of the duplex bag 10 is
formed in a continuous manner by first extruding a tube of
thermoplastic material, flattening the extruded tube to form the
tube 11, folding the tube 11 to form the tubular member 30, seaming
the edge portions 21, 22 of the latter as the same is being
continuously advanced, and at the same time overwrapping the
overwrap 12 thereupon and forming the longitudinal seam after which
transverse severing of individual lengths and the closure of one
end to form the bag 10 is completed in a well known fashion.
Furthermore, though the duplex bag 10 is disclosed as being
provided with gussetted sides 15, 16, these may be eliminated
and/or altered as may be necessary, as may be the particular
construction of the bottom closure of the bag by the adhesion of
the wall 13, 14.
It is further emphasized that though the folding of the flattened
tube 11 upon itself has been indicated as being a direct fold of
the edge portions 21, 22 upon themselves, as shown in FIG. 3,
additional folding prior to securement may be provided. For
example, instead of the folding indicated by the unnumbered headed
arrows in FIG. 2, the edge portions 21, 22 could be brought into
overlying relationship but directed in the same direction to form
another longitudinal fold remote therefrom and the latter
longitudinal fold could then be brought into overlapped
relationship to the edges 21, 22 after which longitudinal seaming
could be achieved. This would achieve added plies equivalent, of
course, to folding the tubular member 30 to bring the edges 31, 32
into continguous relationship after which the same could be
longitudinally seamed. This produces additional assurance against
light transmission but does so at added cost, but reference thereto
is believed necessary to highlight the intent of the following
claims.
Irrespective of the particular configuration of the bag or liner
10, it is to be understood that the essence of the present
invention is that of first forming the tube 11 as a homogeneous
nonlight transmissive member which, though it may have "pinholes,"
by simply flattening the same to the configuration shown in FIG. 2
alignment of any pinholes in the plies 24, 25 is virtually, if not
positively, precluded. Thus, imagining photographic film or plates
being housed interiorly of the inner ply 35 of the tubular member
30 with the edge portions 21, 22 seamed, exterior light must not
only pass through pinholes of the exterior ply 34 but must also
pass through aligned pinholes of the interior ply 35 before the
contents of the bag 10 could be damaged. Due to the virtual
impossibility of such alignment of pinholes the bag 10 is
"lightproof."
* * * * *