U.S. patent number 3,646,731 [Application Number 05/068,834] was granted by the patent office on 1972-03-07 for air cleaner and fuel vapor storage assembly remotely associated with an engine.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Ford Motor Company. Invention is credited to Gunnar W. Hansen.
United States Patent |
3,646,731 |
Hansen |
March 7, 1972 |
AIR CLEANER AND FUEL VAPOR STORAGE ASSEMBLY REMOTELY ASSOCIATED
WITH AN ENGINE
Abstract
The engine air cleaner is essentially vertically disposed in a
side-by-side relationship to the carburetor. The two are connected
by a conduit in a manner that the lower portion of the air cleaner
acts as a vapor trap to prevent excess carburetor float bowl vapors
from passing out through the air cleaner air inlet into the
atmosphere. A bed of activated carbon is connected to the lower
portion of the air cleaner casing to store the excess fuel vapors
at times, the vapors being purged therefrom back into the engine
during normal engine operation.
Inventors: |
Hansen; Gunnar W. (Ypsilanti,
MI) |
Assignee: |
Ford Motor Company (Dearborn,
MI)
|
Family
ID: |
22085000 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/068,834 |
Filed: |
September 2, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
96/136;
123/520 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F02M
25/08 (20130101); F02M 35/04 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F02M
35/02 (20060101); F02M 35/04 (20060101); F02M
25/08 (20060101); B01d 053/04 (); F02m
059/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;55/74,387,DIG.28,316
;123/136 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Hart; Charles N.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An air supply and fuel vapor control system for an engine having
a carburetor secured thereto with an air inlet for receiving a
supply of air for said engine, said carburetor also having a fuel
bowl with a vent means connecting the vapor space in said bowl to
said air inlet, said system including an air cleaner including a
hollow like casing essentially vertically disposed with a fresh air
inlet in one side adjacent the upper portion thereof, said casing
containing an essentially vertically disposed, axial flow type
filter element secured therein, said casing being located remotely
from said carburetor air inlet and connected thereto by conduit
means having in end-to-end relationship an essentially horizontal
first portion connected to said carburetor air inlet and a
downwardly depending second portion attached to the side of said
casing that is opposite to that containing said casing air inlet,
said filter element extending
across said casing forcing all airflow from said casing air inlet
to said conduit means to pass therethrough, and fuel vapor
adsorption means connected to a lower portion of said casing for
storing excess fuel vapors from said carburetor fuel bowl during a
hot soak cycle of said engine by the flow of said vapors through
said bowl vent into said carburetor air intake and therefrom
through said conduit means and by gravity flow into said adsorption
means.
2. A control system as in claim 1, said adsorption means being
purged of the stored fuel vapors during airflow through said casing
to said carburetor, said adsorption means comprising a bed of
activated carbon having a fresh air inlet at one end and a
connection to said lower portion of said casing at its other
end.
3. A control system as in claim 2 including vertically extending
vapor barrier means located on the clean air side of said filter
element at a point below the casing air intake to guide the flow of
fuel vapors toward the lower portion of said casing and minimize
the bypass of any fuel vapors into said casing air intake.
4. A control system as in claim 1, said casing and carburetor air
inlet being disposed in a side-by-side relationship.
5. An air supply and fuel vapor control system for an internal
combustion engine comprising in combination, a carburetor air inlet
and an essentially vertically disposed air cleaner assembly
remotely located from each other, said assembly having an air inlet
adjacent the top thereof, a filter element extending from top to
bottom thereof, conduit means connecting said carburetor air inlet
to a portion of said assembly, the lower portion of said assembly
and said conduit means constituting a vapor trap type reservoir for
containment of excess fuel vapors passing thereinto, and fuel vapor
adsorption means connected to said assembly and operatively
associated with said reservoir for storing fuel vapors flowing at
times into said reservoir from a carburetor, said fuel vapors being
purged from said adsorption means upon airflow in a normal
direction from said air cleaner assembly to said carburetor during
normal engine operation.
6. A system as in claim 5, said assembly and carburetor air inlet
being disposed in essentially a side-by-side relationship.
7. A system as in claim 5, said assembly having a hollow
rectangularlike casing closed on opposite sides with said air inlet
on one side and the said conduit means connected to the opposite
side.
8. A system as in claim 7, including baffle means extending between
said casing air inlet and said conduit means to divert fuel vapors
into said reservoir.
9. A system as in claim 5, said vapor adsorption means comprising
an activated carbon bed.
10. A system as in claim 9, said carbon bed being located remotely
from said assembly and having conduit means connecting the fuel
vapors in said reservoir thereto for the flow of fuel vapors into
said bed and the purge therefrom.
11. A system as in claim 5, said conduit means being connected to
said assembly at a point below the assembly air intake and adjacent
the reservoir.
12. A system as in claim 7, said casing including a sheetlike axial
flow filter means extending across said casing from top to bottom
of said casing whereby all airflow and fuel vapor flow from said
casing air inlet towards said carburetor air inlet and vice versa
passes through said filter element.
13. A system as in claim 12, said adsorption means comprising an
activated carbon bed remotely located from said casing and having a
fresh air inlet at one end and a fuel vapor line at the other
end.
14. A system as in claim 13, the connection of said line to said
reservoir being made at essentially the lowest point of said casing
whereby fuel vapors will flow by gravity from said reservoir into
said carbon bed.
Description
This invention relates, in general, to an air cleaner assembly for
a motor vehicle. More particularly, it relates to one that is
remotely located from a carburetor air horn air inlet opening.
Present-day demands for lower hood lines make it increasingly
difficult to use conventional engine constructions having a
carburetor and air cleaner superimposed thereon. This invention
seeks to remedy the above situation by locating the air cleaner
remote from the carburetor inlet, and construct it of a unique
design that minimizes the escape of excess fuel vapors into the
atmosphere.
The invention consists of an essentially vertically disposed air
cleaner assembly having essentially a side-by-side relationship to
the engine carburetor air horn. The air cleaner contains a filter
element to provide a clean supply of air to the engine; it also is
constructed to serve as a natural trap for excess fuel vapors
emitted from the carburetor fuel bowl during the hot soak cycle of
the engine. The construction is such that the fuel vapors flow by
gravity through the air cleaner assembly into an adsorption device
for storage and subsequent recirculation through the engine during
normal operation.
It is a primary object of the invention, therefore, to provide an
air cleaner assembly that is remotely located from the engine; and,
is of a unique design that satisfies engine air requirements, while
at the same time acts to trap excess fuel vapors emitted from the
carburetor fuel bowl so that undesirable elements will not be
emitted into the atmosphere.
Another object of the invention is to provide an air cleaner
assembly of a design permitting the use of lower profile vehicle
hoods, one that is relatively simple in construction, and one that
is relatively inexpensive to manufacture.
Other objects, features and advantages of the invention will become
more apparent upon reference to the succeeding detailed description
thereof, and to the drawings illustrating the preferred embodiments
thereof; wherein,
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of an engine air
filter assembly and fuel vapor emission control system embodying
the invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view on a reduced scale of the assembly shown in
FIG. 1; and,
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view on a reduced scale of a
modification of the FIG. 1 showing.
FIG. 1 shows an air cleaner assembly adapted to be mounted adjacent
and connected to a portion 10 of the intake manifold for an
internal combustion engine. Secured on top of manifold 10 is a
downdraft-type carburetor indicated schematically at 12. It has the
usual float bowl 14 containing liquid fuel 16 and a fuel vapor
space 18 thereabove. The carburetor contains the usual air horn
fresh air inlet portion 20 into which, in this case, excess fuel
vapors from the float bowl space 18 are vented through a tube 21.
As thus far described, the construction is known and conventional
and further details thereof are believed to be unnecessary for an
understanding of the invention.
The air cleaner assembly includes a main outer closed shell 22 that
is shown preferably as a square or rectangular cross section but
could be cylindrical as well. The shell is defined by two
cup-shaped portions 24 and 26 that are clamped in a sealing manner
around a sheetlike filter element 28. The latter may be of the
known paper or other suitable types for filtering particles from
air passing therethrough in an axial direction. The filter 28 is
vertically disposed and extends across shell or casing 22 so as to
force all air passing axially from one side of the casing to the
other to be filtered.
The air supply to casing 22 is provided by an inlet duct 30 secured
to casing 22 adjacent its upper portion. The duct is open at its
nonadjacent end to a suitable source of air at essentially
atmospheric pressure. This may be engine air compartment air or air
delivered directly thereto by ducting from outside the vehicle, as
the case may be. The duct 30 is shown as containing a hot air
branch 32 that is adapted to be connected to an exhaust manifold
heat stove (not shown) in a known manner and controlled by a
pivotal valve 34. The latter would proportion the degree of hot or
cold air being supplied to the air cleaner casing 22 from ducts 32
or 30 by movement of the valve in a known manner by a temperature
sensitive device (not shown) against the force of a return
spring.
Casing 22 is connected to the inlet of the carburetor air horn by a
duct 36. The latter includes a horizontally disposed section 38
fitted over air inlet 20 joined in end-to-end relationship to an
inclined duct portion 40 that opens up into casing 22, as
shown.
The air cleaner, in this case, also contains a flat plate baffle
element 35 that acts as a fuel vapor flow barrier, in a manner to
be described.
As thus far described, it will be clear that during normal engine
operation, the engine suction will draw air through fresh air
supply inlet 30, through the filter element 28 to be cleaned, and
therefrom through the ducting 40 and 38 into the carburetor and
engine proper. During a hot soak cycle of the engine, the engine
heat may increase the vapor pressure in float bowl space 18 to a
point where the vapors are forced through the vent 21. These fuel
vapors will flow leftwardly in duct 38 and thence by gravity
through the duct 40 towards the lower portion of the air cleaner
casing 22, which constitutes, in effect, a reservoir. The baffle 35
will prevent a flow of the vapors from the duct 40 directly into
the air inlet duct 30 and out into the atmosphere. Since the vapors
flow like water, however, the baffle may be unnecessary.
It will be seen that the vertically disposed air cleaner casing 22,
with its connecting ducting to the carburetor, acts as a trap to
contain the heavier than fuel vapors therein. However, the main
purpose of the trap is to guide the vapors into an adsorption means
that has a storage capacity of say 50-100 times the volume of
reservoir 22, that will essentially prevent a spillover of the
vapors into the inlet duct 30.
More particularly, connected to the bottom of the casing 22 by
tubing 42 is a bed of activated carbon 44. The bed is located
within a canister 46 between a pair of screen grid elements 48 to
provide air and fuel vapor communicating chambers 50 and 52
respectively. The chamber 50 is open to air at atmospheric pressure
through an inlet 54, while the fuel vapor chamber 52 is connected
to the end of conduit 42 that projects through the carbon bed. In a
similar manner, excess fuel vapors from any other source, such as,
for example, the fuel tank of the vehicle (not shown), may be
routed to the carbon bed through a suitable tubing 56.
The carbon bed acts to adsorb excess fuel vapors on the carbon
particles when they are conveyed to the space 52, and is purged of
these vapors by the flow of fresh air through the carbon bed and
into the purge tube 42 during normal operation of the engine. That
is, when the engine has been restarted, the suction again will draw
air through the air cleaner assembly from inlet duct 30 in the
normal manner. This will create a pressure differential between
opposite ends of tube 42 causing fresh air to flow from inlet 54
through the carbon bed and into tube 42 to purge the bed of the
fuel vapors. The vapors then pass through the air filter element 28
and into the carburetor.
It should be noted that the purge flow of air through the canister
46 need only be about say 5-10 percent of the total airflow into
the carburetor. Therefore, the inlet duct 30 will be so restricted
as to provide only approximately 90 percent of the carburetor
requirements, and force the carburetor to obtain the remaining 10
percent by way of the canister inlet 54.
FIG. 3 shows a modification of the invention. In this embodiment,
the baffle member 35 of FIG. 1 is eliminated and the connecting
inclined portion 40 of FIG. 1 becomes a more elongated duct 40'
directed downwardly to a lower portion of the casing 22. This more
closely simulates a U-shaped "trap" configuration. It also assures
that all excess carburetor float bowl fuel vapors will pass to the
lower portion of the air assembly casing 22 and into the fuel vapor
adsorption canister 46 via tube 42. The remaining operation is the
same as in connection with the embodiment of FIG. 1.
From the foregoing, it will be seen that the invention provides an
air cleaner assembly that is remotely located from the engine
proper and yet operatively connected thereto, to satisfy all the
engine air requirements; and one that also traps excess fuel vapors
and subsequently redirects them back into the engine to be consumed
therein and thus not be vented to the atmosphere.
* * * * *