U.S. patent number 3,643,808 [Application Number 04/854,481] was granted by the patent office on 1972-02-22 for gravity feed merchandising rack.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Gerber Products Company. Invention is credited to Raymond L. Hoagland, James D. Ryan.
United States Patent |
3,643,808 |
Ryan , et al. |
February 22, 1972 |
GRAVITY FEED MERCHANDISING RACK
Abstract
Flat-ended containers are shipped in cartons and arranged
therein in a single layer so that the flat sides rest on the carton
base. To merchandise the containers the carton tops are removed,
while the containers remain in the open box, and a plurality of
boxes are vertically stacked in a rack spacing the cartons
sufficiently to permit removal of the containers from the cartons.
The rack inclines the cartons so that the containers slide
downwardly along the carton base towards the lowermost side of the
carton from where the containers are removed.
Inventors: |
Ryan; James D. (Fremont,
MI), Hoagland; Raymond L. (Fremont, MI) |
Assignee: |
Gerber Products Company
(Fremont, MI)
|
Family
ID: |
25318799 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/854,481 |
Filed: |
September 2, 1969 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
211/59.2;
211/134 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A47F
5/0025 (20130101); A47F 7/28 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A47F
5/00 (20060101); A47F 7/28 (20060101); A47f
005/00 (); A47f 007/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;211/134,133,148,135,49,88,128,176,90,103,71,75,74 ;108/152
;221/130,131 ;248/243 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Britts; Ramon S.
Claims
I claim:
1. A display assembly comprising in combination: a plurality of
substantially rectangular boxes having a base, four upright walls
and an open top, a plurality of upright glass jars having flat
supporting ends resting on the base, an upright support structure,
a plurality of inclined box-supporting shelves, each shelf being
supported by an independent pair of cantilevered side arms, the
upper surface of each of said shelves extending above the uppermost
portion of said pair of side arms, the shelves being in substantial
vertical alignment and having a spacing exceeding the greatest
combined height of the box and the jars, connection means secured
to the support structure for supporting the shelves and the boxes,
the connection means being formed to incline the shelf and the
boxes with respect to the horizontal at least about 15.degree.
whereby jars in the boxes gravitationally slide towards a lowermost
wall of the boxes.
2. A display assembly according to claim 1 wherein the shelves
include wall means at lowermost sides of the shelves preventing the
boxes from gravitationally sliding past the lowermost shelf sides,
and wherein the vertical spacing between adjacent shelves is no
less than the maximum height of the box and the containers plus the
vertical height of the wall member.
3. A rack according to claim 1 wherein a depth of the shelves is at
least about two times the length of a side of the box base, and
wherein the shelf is constructed of substantially perpendicular,
elongate members secured to each other, and wherein a top surface
of the shelf is solely defined by members oriented to extend from
the lowermost to an uppermost side of the shelves.
4. A display assembly according to claim 2 wherein the containers
include upright sides and a convexly rounded portion
interconnecting the supporting ends and the sides to facilitate
slidable movement of the containers over the base.
5. A merchandising rack for dispensing upright containers having
flat supporting ends and packed in boxes holding a multiplicity of
containers, the rack comprising vertical connection rails adapted
to be mounted to an upright support structure, a plurality of side
arm pairs each side arm having an end attached to the connection
rails and means interconnecting free forward ends of the pair of
side arms, means spacing the side arm pair on the connection rails,
shelf means secured to the side arm pairs, the upper surface of
said shelf means extending above the uppermost portion of said side
arm pairs, and means for inclining the shelf means from the
horizontal at a sufficient angle so that gravitational forces
acting on the containers exceed frictional forces between the flat
container ends and the box whereby the containers slide towards a
lowermost wall of the box for removal from the box.
6. A merchandising rack according to claim 5 wherein the support
structure includes built-in rack support rails, and wherein the
connecting rails are generally U-shaped and include outwardly
extending flanges spaced from a center portion of the rail
sufficiently to straddle the rack support rail.
7. A merchandising rack according to claim 5 wherein the
interconnecting means comprises an elongate plate having a
lowermost edge spaced from an adjacent, lower shelf sufficiently to
permit passage of the box and the containers therebetween, and
wherein a lowermost point of the shelf means is above the
horizontal plane intersecting the lowermost plate edge.
8. In combination with a plurality of open boxes, each containing a
multiplicity of upright individually removable glass jars, having
flat supporting ends, a merchandising rack for displaying said
boxes of jars so that said jars can be individually removed from
respective of said boxes, said merchandising rack comprising: an
upright support structure; a plurality of vertically spaced,
downwardly inclined shelves, each supported by an independent pair
of cantilevered side arms, the upper surface of each of said
shelves extending above the uppermost portion of said pair of side
arms, each of said shelves supporting at least one of said boxes;
and connection means for individually securing the pair of side
arms to the support structure, the connection means being formed to
independently incline the shelves at an angle with respect to the
horizontal, the magnitude of the angle being such that
gravitational forces acting on the jars exceed frictional forces
between the flat container and the box, whereby the individual jars
are continuously urged toward a lowermost wall of the box.
9. A combination according to claim 8 wherein the connection means
comprises vertically disposed members connected to the shelf and
depending downwardly thereof, the side arms including bracket means
engaging the members and connecting the members to the arms for
support of the shelf, and stop means positioning the members and
the shelf with respect to the side arms and limiting movement
between the shelf and the side arms.
10. A combination according to claim 8 wherein the shelves have a
substantially rectangular configuration and three open sides, and
wherein the shelves include retaining means adjacent a lowermost,
fourth side of the shelf for preventing slidable movement of the
boxes past the fourth side.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In high volume merchandising, such as in supermarkets, the
arrangement of merchandise on shelves is a major cost item.
Generally speaking, the merchandise is prepacked by the
manufacturer in containers which are shipped in large cartons. At
the point of sale the cartons must be opened and each container is
separately placed on the shelves.
Attempts have been made to display the containers without their
removal from the cartons. For example, when cartons are stacked on
top of each other to display a large volume, say for a day's
business, only the containers in the uppermost carton are
accessible. That carton must be fully emptied and then discarded.
This involves additional attention and work by store personnel and
often results in empty cartons laying about the floor, thereby
giving the establishment an unsightly and uninviting appearance.
Moreover, the arrangement is not very stable and cartons can be
accidentally pushed off the shelf or the supporting
container-filled carton below resulting in possible damage of
and/or loss to the merchandise. Consequently, this method of
merchandising prepacked goods has not become accepted to any
appreciable extent.
It has been suggested to provide gravity dispensers for cylindrical
containers, such as cans, in which the cartons are inclined and a
side of the cartons is opened so that the containers roll towards a
dispensing point. U.S. Pat. No. 3,203,554 illustrates and discloses
such a rack. Although such racks eliminate some of the necessary
work to display prepacked merchandise, it has several
disadvantages. When a filled carton is placed on the rack the
containers roll towards the dispensing end of the rack at
relatively high speeds which can damage the containers or mar their
surface finish or, if they are constructed of glass, can cause
breakage. If the containers have protrusions projecting from their
cylindrical surfaces the rack is inoperative since the protrusions
prevent the necessary rolling of the containers. Thus, the
merchandising rack disclosed in that patent is, for practical
purposes, limited for use with conventional tin cans.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a merchandising rack which
eliminates the need for removing the containers from their shipping
cartons and which operates irrespective of the exterior
configuration and material of the containers. Briefly, the rack
comprises a support structure and a plurality of vertically spaced
and aligned cantilevered shelves for holding the shipping cartons.
Connection means secure the shelves to the support structure and
incline the shelves with respect to the horizontal so that
gravitational forces biasing the containers towards the lowermost
side of the carton exceed the frictional forces between the
containers and the carton base. Flat supporting ends of the upright
containers thus slide over the carton base.
To merchandise, i.e., dispense, the containers the top of the
shipping carton is removed in a conventional manner and the carton
is placed on a shelf. This automatically inclines the carton and
biases the containers towards the lowermost carton side which is
the dispensing side of the carton from where customers remove
containers they wish to purchase. The removal of a container
results in another container sliding downwardly until it is engaged
by the lowermost carton side, i.e., until it occupies the space
from which the other container was removed. In this manner,
containers are always disposed at the front edge of the carton.
The simplicity of the rack, its low cost and the time savings it
provides for store personnel handling the merchandise afford
significant operating cost reductions. In addition, the rack
provides a pleasing and inviting merchandise display and dispensing
unit.
It is presently preferred that the racks have a sufficient size to
provide for the side-by-side storage of two or more shipping
cartons. The racks are mounted to the cantilever arms so that their
top surfaces are above the uppermost sides of the cantilever arms
to permit the use of the racks with oversize shipping cartons
extending past the cantilever arms. A flange at the lowermost side
of the racks prevents the cartons from sliding off the racks.
The containers disposed in the cartons have rounded corners between
their flat supporting ends or bases and their upright walls. They
can thus slide freely along their bases. Imperfections in the
carton such as folds and unevenness are prevented from disrupting
the slidable movement of the containers.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a fragmentary side elevation of a merchandising rack
constructed in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a fragmentary, enlarged perspective view of the
merchandising rack and illustrates the placement of shipping
cartons on the racks;
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary, enlarged front elevational view, in
section, of a supported rack shelf and is taken on line 3--3 of
FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary side elevational view that is taken on line
4--4 of FIG. 3; and
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary, sectional view of the means for attaching
the rack to the wall and is taken on line 5--5 of FIG. 5.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, a merchandising rack 6 rests on a base
8 which includes an upright support 10. Mounted to the upright
support are vertically oriented, spaced-apart connection rails 12
which are of a conventional construction, have a generally U-shaped
configuration and include serially arranged slots (not shown).
Outwardly extending side arms 14 include projections (not
separately shown) which extend through the slots in the rails and
engage the rails to mount the side arms. As more fully described
hereinafter, pairs of side arms support shelves 16 which are
inclined from the horizontal and upon which shipping cartons or
cases 18 holding single layers of containers 20 are placed. The
lowermost shelf sides are provided with shelf walls or flanges 24
to prevent the cartons from sliding off the shelves.
The containers are placed onto the shelves through open spaces 26
between adjacent shelves. For best space utilization and to provide
sufficient clearance between a top edge 28 of shelf wall 24 and the
adjacent upper shelf the spacing between the two is no less than
the height of the containers or walls 30 of the carton, whichever
is greater. Preferably the spacing exceeds that maximum dimension
slightly to facilitate the ease with which the cartons are placed
onto the shelves. As a general rule the vertical spacing between
adjacent shelves should equal or exceed the maximum container or
carton height plus the height of the shelf wall 24 which results in
an open space 26 exceeding the maximum carton or container height.
An uppermost shelf 22 is constructed to provide a storage shelf for
closed cartons for subsequent placement on one of the shelves
16.
Although the merchandising rack illustrated in FIG. 1 is a
self-contained, transportable unit which can be moved to any
desired location, the invention can be equally well practiced by
securing the vertical connection rails 12 to fixed walls,
partitions and the like.
Connection rail 12 has a generally U-shaped configuration and
includes a pair of flanges 13 extending outwardly from the free end
of the channel-shaped center portion of the rail. The flanges
include apertures for receiving mounting screws 15 and the screws
secure the rail to the wall in a conventional manner. It will be
noted that the mounting screws may straddle conventional,
special-purpose connection rails 11 of various designs, that may be
contained inside the wall for mounting of conventional
merchandising racks. Connection rail 12 enables the mounting of the
present invention to existing upright support 10 without damaging
the special-purpose mounting rails usually present. The mounting
rail includes at least one row of vertically elongate, serially
arranged slots 35 for the mounting of the shelves as described
below.
Referring to FIGS. 1 through 5, unlike conventional side arms
constructed to operate with special-purpose connection rails 11,
side arms 14 of the present invention have an uppermost side 32
which slopes downwardly and which is parallel to shelves 16. A rear
end 34 of each side arm includes an upper, notched protrusion 33
extending through a slot 35 in connection rail 12 and engaged by
the rail to cantilever the shelf from the rail. A second, lower
protrusion 31 extends through the next lower slot in the connection
rail and assures adequate support for the shelf and alignment of
the side arms with the connection rails and the slots therein. The
connection formed by the protrusions and the rail is a quick
disconnect attachment of the shelf to the rail for easy
installation and handling.
In one embodiment of the invention a side 36 of each side arm
facing towards shelves 16 mounts a generally Z-shaped bracket 38
the lower portion of which is permanently secured, such as spot
welded, to the side arm while the upper section thereof defines an
upwardly opening, channel-shaped space 40. The upper section of
bracket 38 preferably includes a flared end 42.
An L-shaped member 44 is inserted into space 40 and engages the
transitional section 46 of Z-shaped bracket 38 to provide a firm
support for the member 44 and position arm 48 of member parallel to
side arm top edge 32. Arm 48 is inclined from the horizontal and
slopes downwardly over its length from its rear end towards its
front end. The L-shaped member further includes a stop 50 which
engages the rearwardmost end of Z-shaped bracket 38 to position the
member and limit its forward movement.
Shelf 16 is preferably constructed of metallic rods 52 which are
positioned parallel to side arms 14 and which are supported by
heavy-gauge metallic rods 54 defining a shelf frame 56 and the
lowermost shelf wall 24 (see particularly FIG. 2). The shelf frame
includes a plurality of spaced-apart heavy-gauge transverse rods 58
which are disposed perpendicular to the side arms to provide
intermittent supports for rods 52. For relatively large shelf sizes
transverse support beams 59 are provided to prevent excessive
sagging of the shelf when fully loaded. Shelf frame 56 is secured
to arms 58 by welds so that brackets 44 form an integral part of
the shelf. The shelf frame has a depth, from adjacent rails 12 to
lowermost wall 24, which is at least twice the length of a carton
side 30 so that two or more cartons can be placed on each shelf and
to reduce the frequency of restocking the rack.
Shelves 16 are secured to side arms 14 by inserting the downwardly
extending portion of members 44 in spaces 40 defined by Z-shaped
bracket 38. The shelves are then slid forwardly until stop 50
engages the rear end of Z-shaped brackets to limit any further
movement of the shelves in a forward direction.
A top surface 60 of each shelf is defined by the uppermost portion
of rods 52. The top surface is spaced above top edge 32 of side
arms 14. By utilizing this arrangement and employing cantilever
supported shelves, the dimensions of the cartons are not limited by
the location of side arms 14. In addition, rods 52 extend parallel
to the side arms to facilitate the slidable movement (as shown in
FIG. 2) of cartons 18 along the rods to place them on the
shelves.
In another presently preferred embodiment side arms 14 are
interconnected by an elongate plate 61 secured, i.e., welded to the
forwardmost ends of the side arm pair and extending over the full
length of shelf 16. The shelf is permanently secured to side arms
14 and plate 61 as by welding it thereto. This provides a unitary,
rigid construction of the shelves and side arms which are
manufactured and installed in a standard length. Two or more
shelves can be horizontally abutted to lengthen the useable shelf
space as desired. In those instances connection rails 12 disposed
between abutting shelves have an extra width and include two
parallel rows of slots 35 for engaging the side arms of the
abutting shelves.
As already referred to the closest possible spacing between
adjacent shelves is determined by the height of the containers 20
and shipping cartons 18. The distance which an elongate plate 61
depends from its shelf 16 is likewise controlled. To provide
clearance for the removal or insertion of cartons the lowermost
shelf wall 24 may not drop below the horizontal plane intersecting
the edge 63 of lowermost plate 61. Thus, the overhang of the shelf
beyond plate 61 is determined by the slope of the shelf.
Turning now to the use of the merchandising rack, the spacing
between adjacent shelves is first adjusted to correspond to the
height of the containers to be dispensed by the rack. The top (not
shown) of the cartons is removed in a conventional manner, leaving
carton walls 30 intact, and the cartons are placed onto the shelves
by inserting them through open spaces 26 as previously described.
The operator thereby need not handle a single container. By simply
placing the carton on the shelf, all containers in the carton are
positioned for merchandising and dispensing. Thereafter customers
remove the containers from adjacent lowermost container wall 62
supported by lowermost shelf wall 24.
Each time a container is removed the container behind it slides
downwardly until engaged by the lowermost container wall. To assure
such slidable movement the inclination of the shelf and the
container is such that the gravitational forces biasing the
container forward into engagement with the lowermost wall exceeds
the frictional forces between the supporting container end 64 and
the base of the carton. If the carton is constructed of cardboard
and the containers are glass jars, such as baby food jars, an
inclination of the shelves from the horizontal of about 15.degree.
or more is sufficient to assure that the containers slide
gravitationally towards the carton front wall. For other carton or
container materials, which results in greater or lesser frictional
forces between the two, the angular inclination of the shelves from
the horizontal is suitably adjusted.
The merchandising shelf described above can be used irrespective of
the exterior configuration of the containers which may include
outwardly projecting protrusions (not shown).
If the carton base is constructed of two flaps meeting adjacent the
center of the base sharp corners between the container supporting
end 64 and the upright container sides 66 should be rounded. Sharp
corners between the supporting end and the upright container sides,
which can be engaged by the flaps and the slidable motion of the
containers, are thereby avoided. It is therefore preferred that the
transition between the upright container sides and the lowermost
container surfaces includes rounded portions 68 which readily slide
over edges of the base flaps or other unevenness of the carton
base.
* * * * *