U.S. patent number 3,643,688 [Application Number 04/884,681] was granted by the patent office on 1972-02-22 for device for the continuous mixing of beverage components in a predetermined quantity ratio.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Noll Maschinenfabrik GmbH. Invention is credited to Hartmut Meinert.
United States Patent |
3,643,688 |
Meinert |
February 22, 1972 |
DEVICE FOR THE CONTINUOUS MIXING OF BEVERAGE COMPONENTS IN A
PREDETERMINED QUANTITY RATIO
Abstract
A device for the continuous combination and mixing of a
plurality of liquid beverage components in an accurately maintained
adjustable quantity ratio, where a jet mixer has a central pressure
nozzle as part of an axially adjustable hollow plunger through
which the pressurized liquid, water in the case of soft drinks,
passes into a receiving nozzle past the infinitely variable annular
opening of a suction chamber through which one or more admixed
components are drawn into the receiving nozzle. The adjustment of
the annular opening for the suction chamber determines the overall
mixing ratio to water, while the flow volume of the various admixed
components is controlled by separate throttle valves in their
supply conduits. Distortions of the mixing ratio during startup and
shutdown of the installation are minimized by accurately
synchronizing all shutoff valves and by keeping the liquid volumes
within the mixer cavities within predetermined ratios.
Inventors: |
Meinert; Hartmut (Haddenhausen,
DT) |
Assignee: |
Noll Maschinenfabrik GmbH
(Minden, Westfalen, DT)
|
Family
ID: |
5723524 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/884,681 |
Filed: |
December 12, 1969 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Jan 28, 1969 [DT] |
|
|
P 19 04 014.3 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
137/556; 137/891;
137/895; 222/129.2; 417/183; 222/145.7; 137/893; 222/67;
222/136 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G05D
11/006 (20130101); F04F 5/461 (20130101); B67D
1/0016 (20130101); B67D 1/0043 (20130101); B67D
1/0045 (20130101); F04F 5/48 (20130101); B67D
1/129 (20130101); Y10T 137/87627 (20150401); Y10T
137/87643 (20150401); Y10T 137/8275 (20150401); Y10T
137/87611 (20150401) |
Current International
Class: |
F04F
5/00 (20060101); B67D 1/00 (20060101); G05D
11/00 (20060101); F04F 5/48 (20060101); F04F
5/46 (20060101); F16k 019/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;137/604
;222/4,129.1,129.2,136,145,395 ;417/183 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Nilson; Robert G.
Claims
I claim:
1. A device for continuously combining a plurality of liquid
beverage components into a single stream of liquid, at an
adjustable quantitative ratio between the liquid components,
comprising in combination:
a. a housing;
b. pressure nozzle means arranged inside said housing having
pressure inlet openings of constant conduit area, said pressure
nozzle means including a tubular pressure nozzle body and at one
end thereof a nozzle orifice of a predetermined diameter to define
the velocity of a stream of pressurized liquid discharging
therefrom:
c. receiving nozzle means also arranged inside said housing, said
receiving nozzle means including a tubular receiving nozzle body
arranged in coaxial alignment with said pressure nozzle body, said
receiving nozzle body having a nozzle mouth with a diameter flaring
out toward the body end, said nozzle mouth facing said nozzle
orifice at a predetermined axial infinitely variable distance to
receive the stream of pressurized liquid discharging therefrom,
whereby a partial vacuum is created in the annular space
represented by said axial distance;
d. a suction chamber forming a part of said housing and sealingly
surrounding at least the adjacent end portions of said pressure
nozzle body and receiving nozzle body;
e. pressurized source of liquid supply means to supply one of the
liquid components as a continuous stream of pressurized liquid to
said pressure nozzle means;
f. admixed source of liquid supply means to supply at least one
other liquid component to said suction chamber, so as to be drawn
into said nozzle mouth by said stream of pressurized liquid,
whereby the several liquid streams are combined inside the
receiving nozzle means;
fa. a liquid supply pressurizing means; and
g. means to adjust, measure, read and infinitely vary the axial
distance between said nozzle orifice and said nozzle mouth, so as
to define and control the quantitative ratio between the stream of
pressurized beverage liquid passing through said separate nozzle
means and the amount of liquid drawn from said suction chamber into
said receiving nozzle means.
2. The device as defined in claim 1, wherein
said admixed beverage liquid supply means include, for each admixed
component, a supply conduit leading to said suction chamber, and in
said supply conduit a throttle valve for each of said conduits, for
the individual control, by infinitely variable and readable
adjustments of a flow passage, of the volumetric flow of each
admixed beverage liquid component.
3. The device as defined in claim 2, wherein
said pressurized beverage liquid supply means include a pressure
supply pump and a pump device, a pressurized liquid conduit
connecting said pump with said pressure nozzle means, and a shutoff
valve in said conduit; and wherein
said admixed liquid supply means further include, in each admixed
component supply conduit, ahead of said throttle valve, a shutoff
valve,
said device further comprising valve control means to
simultaneously actuate all of said shutoff valves.
4. The device as defined in claim 3, wherein
said shutoff valve in the pressurized beverage liquid conduit is
located in the vicinity of said pressure nozzle means, and said
shutoff valve in each of the admixed beverage liquid supply
conduits is located in the vicinity of said suction chamber, and
wherein
the volume of pressurized beverage liquid present between said
pressurized liquid shutoff valve and said pressurized nozzle
orifice and the total volume of admixed liquid present between the
respective shutoff valve, or valves, and the point at which the
stream of admixed beverage liquid joins the stream of pressurized
liquid represents a volumetric ratio comparable to the average
quantitative ratio to which the device is adjustable during normal
operation.
5. The device as defined in claim 4, wherein
said volumetric ratio is chosen between 4 to 1 and 7 to 1.
6. The device as defined in claim 4, wherein
all of said shutoff valves are of the pneumatically actuated type,
their actuating mechanisms being arranged to have identical
response times, independent of their flow capacities; and
wherein
said valve control means include a common air valve for the
simultaneous actuation of all shutoff valves, said air valve being
operatively linked to the drive of said pressure supply pump, so
that all the supply conduits are immediately blocked, when the
drive for said pressure supply pump is shut down.
7. The device as defined in claim 3, wherein
said admixed liquid supply means include, in each admixed component
supply conduit, ahead of said throttle valve and shutoff valve, an
accumulator which is open to atmospheric pressure and which has an
automatic level control, so as to maintain a predetermined liquid
level inside said accumulator.
8. The device as defined in claim 7, wherein
said predetermined liquid level is chosen at approximately 50 mm.
below the level at which said admixed component supply conduit, or
conduits, discharge into said suction chamber.
9. The device as defined in claim 3, wherein
said pressurized liquid supply means include, ahead of said
pressure supply pump, a closed accumulator with a vacuum pump
capable of removing any air or gas from the pressurized liquid.
10. The device as defined in claim 3, wherein
pressurized liquid supply means and said admixed liquid supply
means include, in their respective conduits, flow gauges for the
visual indication of the momentary flow volume passing through said
conduits.
11. The device as defined in claim 1, wherein
said receiving nozzle means further include a mixing tube section
and a diffuser section, the two sections being arranged in such a
way that the combined liquid stream passes from said nozzle mouth
into said mixing tube section and from there into the diffuser
section.
12. The device as defined in claim 11, wherein
the free cross-sectional areas of said pressure nozzle orifice
(f.sub. 1 ), of said receiving nozzle mouth at its biggest diameter
(f.sub.2), and of said mixing tube section (f.sub.m ) have a ratio
of between 1 to 1.4 and 1.7 to 2.5- 2.8, and the length (L) of said
mixing tube section is 14 to 20 times its diameter (D.sub.M ), and
wherein
said pressurized liquid supply means in conjunction with the
various liquid passages are chosen such that the pressurized liquid
leaves said nozzle orifice with a velocity of approximately 30
meters per second, and the ratio indicating the pressure
differential between the exit end of said diffuser section (P.sub.A
) and said suction chamber is no greater than 0.2, whereby the
quantity ratio of the liquid flowing through said pressure nozzle
means and the liquid flowing through said suction chamber is no
greater than 0.8.
13. The device as defined in claim 1, wherein
said tubular pressure nozzle body is arranged as a movable plunger
sealingly guided in said housing, and
said adjusting means include means to longitudinally displace said
plunger inside said housing.
14. The device as defined in claim 13, wherein
said pressure nozzle body is closed at the other end and is
provided with a radial passages intermediate both ends, and
said housing includes a pressure chamber sealingly surrounding said
radial passages in all plunger positions, said pressurized liquid
being supplied to said pressure nozzle means through said pressure
chamber and through said radial passages.
15. The device as defined in claim 13, wherein
said adjusting means include a spindle rotatably connected to the
closed end of said pressure nozzle body, and
said housing has a matching thread through which said spindle
reaches to the outside of said housing, whereby rotation of said
spindle causes said pressure nozzle body to move longitudinally for
adjustment of the axial distance between said pressure nozzle
orifice and said receiving nozzle mouth, said spindle and housing
including means to visually indicate said axial distance.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a device for the continuous combination
and mixing of beverage components in a predetermined quantity
ratio, and more particularly to a device where a plurality of
liquid beverage components is mixed together in an adjustable jet
mixer.
2. Description of the prior art
It is known to use devices for admixing of liquid additives to a
liquid stream in a fixed mixing ratio or quantity ratio for
purposes of fire fighting, for example. In this case, the two
liquid components are mixed together in a jet mixer which consists
of a pressure nozzle, a suction chamber, and a receiving nozzle.
The stream of pressurized liquid passes through the pressure nozzle
and the center of the receiving nozzle, while the suction chamber
and the remainder of the receiving nozzle accommodate the
proportionately admixed liquid. The volume of admixed liquid is in
this case adjusted by a control valve which is arranged ahead of
the jet mixer in such a way that the mixing ratio remains constant,
even under fluctuating pressure conditions. However, in this
instance the control valve is affected by the flow volume, which is
measured separately, and the apparatus used for adjusting the
volume of the main liquid stream is not only complicated, but it is
also incapable of satisfying the requirement of accuracy and
consistency which exist, for example, in the production of liquid
foodstuffs and beverages, such as soft drinks and the like.
Especially, where the finished mixture is to be checked on the
basis of its density, and where the components to be added are to
be controlled accordingly, the above-mentioned device cannot be
used, because the control element which is arranged in the supply
line of the admixed liquid component, when it is adjusted, not only
changes the amount of the admixed liquid component, but at the same
time also causes a change in the characteristics of the jet mixer
itself.
Adjustable jet mixers have also been employed in conjunction with
self-priming pumps and the like; however, they are not adapted for
infinite adjustments and control of an admixed liquid component;
and furthermore, they do not offer the operating accuracy which is
required in the production of beverages.
It has already been suggested to perform the mixing of two beverage
components in an adjustable quantity ratio by using a jet mixer
which has an axially displaceable pressure nozzle, thereby
providing an infinitely variable annular passage between the
pressure nozzle and the receiving nozzle. In addition, it has
already been suggested to use an automatic control device whose
setting represents the desired quantity ratio of the two
components, or the concentration of the end product, or its
specific gravity, and where the result is continuously measured and
the quantity ratio is adjusted by the control device toward the
control setting, over a motor which displaces the control nozzle in
axial direction.
With such an automatic control device, it is possible, for example,
to continuously measure the Brix reading of the beverage and to
adjust the amount of admixed beverage syrup in such a way that a
beverage with a substantially consistent Brix degree is obtained,
even without the use of the known metering pumps or of other
complicated measuring and dosing devices. As with these
conventional metering pumps, such an apparatus is designed for the
requirement that two components, namely water on the one hand, and
a finished beverage syrup on the other hand, are to be mixed in a
given quantity ratio.
However, it has been found that the continuous measurement of the
Brix degree during the production of beverages presents
considerable difficulties with regard to the measuring technique,
and that the actual control of the beverage for a consistent Brix
reading is not accurate enough because of these measuring
difficulties.
Although with the above procedure it is possible to do away with
the bulky and expensive metering pump, the remainder of the
operation in the beverage production is the same as with the use of
a metering pump. The metering pump is merely replaced by the jet
mixer and the control device. As before, it is first necessary to
prepare the syrup in the juice kitchen, to degassify the water and,
if necessary, to impregnate it, and finally to continuously measure
or meter the two components water and syrup which are intermixed
before or after such impregnation.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The objective of the invention is to eliminate the inaccuracies in
the combination of the components by means of an adjustable jet
mixer, and furthermore, to save a major part of the cost of syrup
processing, of the juice kitchen, and of the equipment needed in
this connection.
The invention proposed to attain this objective by suggesting the
use of a known jet mixer with a pressure nozzle, a receiving
nozzle, and a suction chamber, which mixer has an infinitely
variable annular passage connecting the suction chamber with the
receiving nozzle, the passage being determined by the axial
position of the pressure nozzle, and where the pressure nozzle
communicates in each of its positions with the supply conduit for
pressurized liquid, and where one or several liquid conduits lead
to the suction chamber via separate, infinitely variable throttle
valves.
It is also suggested by the invention that the free cross-sectional
areas of the pressure nozzle orifice, of the maximum receiving
nozzle orifice and of the mixing tube have a ratio between 1 to 1.4
and 1.7 to 2.5--2.8, and that the length of the cylindrical mixing
tube is 14 to 20 times its diameter, the effective pressures being
such that the pressurized liquid exits with a velocity of
approximately 30 meters per second from the pressure nozzle, and
the ratio of the pressure differentials between the diffuser exit
and the suction chamber is not greater than 0.2, and that the
quantity ratio between the liquid flowing through the pressure
chamber of the pressure nozzle and the liquid flowing through the
suction chamber is not greater than 0.8. Suprisingly, it was found
that for a given adjustment setting of the annular passage between
the pressure nozzle and the receiving nozzle the mixing ratio
remains constant over a wide range, and even under normal
operational interference problems. An automatic control device is
therefore no longer necessary and would only constitute a source of
problems, especially because with it the unavoidable operational
interferences tend to disturb the Brix readings to a much larger
extent than is indicated by their effect on the actual mixing ratio
in the Jet mixer. In addition, the device of the invention makes it
possible in many cases to eliminate the preparation of a beverage
syrup in the juice kitchen, because the separate components can be
controlled and maintained in the proper mixing ratio between them
and also in the proper overall mixing ratio to the pressure medium
water. The mixing jet produces a partial vacuum to which
corresponds a given mixing ratio and which admits the separate
beverage components separately, i.e., without prior mixing, and in
the correct preset quantity ratio, admixing them to the pressure
medium water. The overall mixing ratio between the water and the
sum of all admixed components themselves are adjusted by means of
separate infinitely variable throttle valves which are positioned
immediately ahead of the discharge of the liquid conduits into the
suction chamber of the jet mixer.
In order to make all mixing ratios reproducibly adjustable so that
each beverage can be characterized by a predetermined pattern of
adjustment settings, the invention further suggests that the
pressure nozzle be provided with a plunger which is sealingly
guided for axial motion inside a housing and which has radial bores
facing an annular chamber which is connected to the supply conduit,
the plunger including a spindle which reaches to the outside and
which is adjustable by means of a micrometer screw.
It is further suggested that each of the throttle members of the
throttle valves which communicate with the suction chamber is
adjustable and controllable by means of a micrometer screw. The
provision of micrometer screws for the adjustment of both the
overall quantity ratio and the components individually assures very
precise settings of the valves, so that mixing ratios and settings,
after they have once been established, can be reproduced reliably
and accurately. The jet mixer, including its piping and pumps, is
designed for a given upper flow volume which determines and
maintains constant the quantitative flow of pressurized liquid.
Fluctuations and interference effects during operation are limited
to those resulting from the liquid level control. However, it has
been found that nonnegligible interferences can occur during
startup and shutdown of the installation.
The invention suggests to eliminate these shortcomings by providing
shutoff valves, preferably of the pneumatically remote-controlled
type, at the housing connection of the supply conduit for
pressurized liquid and just ahead of the throttle valves which lead
to the suction chamber, and that these shutoff valves have
identical switching time values, operating simultaneously and in
the same sense and that they are controlled by a pulse giver which
operates synchronously with the startup and shutdown of the
installation, switching the valves into open or closed position
respectively. The blocking of the supply conduits, and especially
the exactly simultaneous blocking of all supply conduits,
eliminates the possibility that varying amounts of liquid enter the
jet mixer during the process of shutdown or startup of the
installation, thereby causing undesirable changes in the
concentration of the beverage, or in its Brix degree. Whenever the
pressurized liquid flows, the mixer also admits the components, so
that no differences occur in the mixing ratio. For this purpose, it
is necessary that all shutoff valves have identical switching times
values and that they are actuated at the same instant, regardless
of the size of the liquid conduit, so that all conduits are opened
simultaneously in a sudden movement and pg,8 closed similarly, when
the installation is shut down. Most shutoff valves have different
switching time values for different diameters, so that it becomes
necessary to manufacture especially designed opening and closing
mechanisms independently of the size of the valve connections. The
valves are preferably operated by air pistons which are supplied
with compressed air from a common source and controlled by a single
air valve which is electrically remote-controlled from the
installation main controls.
According to the invention it is further suggested that the volume
of liquid contained between the shutoff valve for the pressurized
liquid and the orifice of the pressure nozzle on the one hand, and
the total volume in the liquid paths from the component shutoff
valves through the suction chamber to the receiving nozzle on the
other hand, have an approximate ratio between 4 to 1 and 7 to 1.
The invention thereby assures that, even in the event of last
runnings from the portion of the liquid conduits behind the shutoff
valves, these runnings are approximately in the correct quantity
ratio for the mixing ratio of the beverage, so as to avoid
fluctuations in the composition of the beverage which could result
from differences in the composition of the last runnings during
startup and shutdown of the installation.
According to the invention it is further suggested that a pressure
supply pump is provided in the supply conduit which leads to the
pressure nozzle and that the drive motor for this pump and the
pulse giver for the various shutoff valves are operatively
connected, so that the shutoff valves are only opened when the
pressure supply pump is in operation. The invention thereby assures
that, as soon as the installation is shut down and the pressurized
liquid stops flowing, all supply conduits--those for the
pressurized liquid itself, as well as those for the admixed
beverage components--are closed.
It is further suggested, according to the invention, to arrange
flow gauges in the liquid conduits ahead of the various shutoff
valves to indicate the flow volumes in the conduits at any moment.
By means of these gauges, which are preferably calibrated flow
gauges of the float chamber type, the settings of the whole
apparatus can at any time be verified visually and readjusted in
response to the measurements. Normally, the flow volume of the
pressurized liquid is invariable, but the gauge monitoring it
provides a check which is important, should the installation or the
pump or the drive become defective. The overall mixing ratio
between the water and the sum of the components taken together is
normally determined by the manufacturer of the apparatus in
accordance with the recipies of the beverage industry, and the
corresponding micrometer setting parameters are determined and
prescribed accordingly. The same applies for the mixing ration of
the components to one another. However, these ratios and the
setting of the micrometer adjustments on the throttle valves can be
easily corrected in accordance with the readings obtained from the
flow gauges. Of course, the overall mixing ratio can likewise be
adjusted or corrected at any time by resetting the micrometer screw
on the pressure nozzle assembly. As the major portion of the
admixed components consists normally of a sugar solution, the Brix
degree (the density of the mixed liquid) can be influenced and
adjusted by only a minor change in the mixing ratio. It has been
found that, after the adjustment settings have been properly made,
neither the mixing ratio, nor the Brix degree, nor the ratios of
the various components to one another needed readjustment, and that
they remained consistent over extended periods of time, and no
reason existed for any readjustment or change in the settings. An
automatic control device is therefore completely unnecessary.
Interferences occurring during operation are minimized by the
precision design of the jet mixer itself; problems which could
occur during the startup and shutdown of the installation are
eliminated by the measures proposed by the invention.
According to the invention, it is further suggested to arrange in
each of the conduits for the liquids flowing to the suction chamber
an accumulator, which is open to the atmosphere, and which has an
automatic level control, so that the liquid level inside these
accumulators is established at approximately 50 millimeters below
the level of the suction chamber. This arrangement assures
consistent flow and pressure conditions for the intake of the
admixed components. Any self-propelled inflow is thereby reliably
eliminated.
According to the invention, it is furthermore suggested to use
water for the pressurized liquid which may have been degasified
prior to use, and that the separate components serving for the
production of the beverage are stored in their liquid state under
atmospheric pressure inside the accumulators of the conduits
leading to the suction chamber. This allows the production of the
conventional soft drinks, either by admixing a single syrup which
has been prepared in the usual way in the juice kitchen, or by
admixing the separate syrup components in the proper quantity ratio
directly to the water, which may have been degasified in a known
way. The impregnation of the water with carbon dioxide is performed
in the usual way after the addition of the syrup. But it may also
be performed prior thereto in a known way. However, when already
impregnated water is used, it becomes necessary to accommodate the
higher pressures in the jet mixer and especially in the
accumulator. Appropriate back-pressure valves are then required to
allow the maintenance of the pressure which is required in all
places for the carbon-dioxide-containing liquid.
According to the invention, it is further suggested that a sugar
solution, which may have been previously degasified, is stored
inside the accumulator for the pressurized liquid, and that the
separate components for the production of syrup or other extracts
are stored in liquid form in the accumulators of the conduits
leading to the suction chamber. This permits a great simplification
of the difficult work in the juice kitchen, in the case where the
syrup components cannot be admixed directly to the water. The
predominant component in the total amount of syrup, viz the sugar
solution, is in this case employed as the pressurized medium and to
it are admixed in the jet mixer the appropriate amounts of raw
materials, acids and essences which, for example, may be drawn
directly from their shipping containers. The result is a
considerable simplification in the work procedures and equipment of
the juice kitchen.
Consequently, the object of the invention is not only the
application of the apparatus of the invention in the continuous
mixing of beverage components in a predetermined quantity ratio for
the production of beverages, but also its use for the continuous
combination and mixing of the syrup components themselves in a
predetermined quantity ratio, for the production of beverage syrups
or beverage essences and the like.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The drawings illustrate the invention by way of an example and in a
schematic representation, and the use and arrangement of the
invention is explained by way of an example for the production of a
beverage.
FIG. 1 shows in a longitudinal cross section the jet mixer of the
invention;
FIG. 2 shows in a schematically drawn arrangement a complete
embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross section along the line III--III of FIG.
2, showing the connections to the suction chamber of the jet mixer;
and
FIG. 4 shows in an enlarged longitudinal cross section one of the
throttle valves arranged in the supply conduits for the beverage
components.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
As can be seen from FIG. 1, the jet mixer consists of a housing 1,
inside which is arranged a pressure nozzle 2 which constitutes one
end of a hollow plunger 2a. The gaskets 3 and 4 provide a seal
between the plunger 2a and the housing 1. The plunger 2a has a
plurality of radial bores 2b near its other end which is closed.
These radial bores face an annular chamber 1a arranged inside the
housing 1. The annular chamber 1a and the inside of the plunger 2a
serve as a pressure chamber for the pressurized liquid which is
supplied through the conduit 5 as indicated by the arrow 5a and
which flows through the annular chamber 1a and the radial bores 2b
to the inside of the plunger 2a, leaving the latter through the
pressure nozzle in the direction of the arrow 2c, and entering the
mixing tube M through the receiving nozzle 6. Below the mixing tube
M is arranged a diffuser 7 where the flow velocity of the liquid is
reduced and its static pressure again increased. The mixing tube M
with the receiving nozzle 6 is sealed against the housing 1 by
means of a rubber gasket 8. The liquids which are to be admixed to
the pressurized liquid are supplied through the conduits 9 and 9c,
as indicated by the arrows 9a and 9d, from where they enter the
suction chamber 11 which has the form of an annular chamber in the
housing 1, from wherein the liquids pass through the annular space
12 formed between the pressure nozzle 2 and the receiving nozzle 6,
thereby entering the inside of the mixing tube M together with the
pressurized liquid. The distance of the outer edge of the pressure
nozzle 2 from the inner wall of the receiving nozzle 6 determines
the size of the annular space 12 through which the admixed liquids
10 and 10a are admitted. The position of the plunger 2a and the
pressure nozzle 2 with respect to the receiving nozzle being
variable, this annular space can be infinitely varied according to
the invention from a value zero, when it is closed off, to a
maximum passage opening, the flow of the admixed liquid thereby
being likewise infinitely variable. The jet of pressurized liquid
emerging from the pressure nozzle 2 and entering the receiving
nozzle 6 causes a partial vacuum in this annular space 12 and this
partial vacuum is transmitted to the suction chamber 11 with the
result that the liquid, or liquids, in this chamber are drawn into
the receiving nozzle around the central stream of pressurized
liquid. The overall mixing ratio is thus determined by the flow
volume of pressurized liquid through the pressure nozzle 2 and
receiving nozzle 6 and the flow of admixed liquid through the
annular passage 12, as determined in part by the size of this
passage and the partial vacuum effective therein. The cross
sections of the conduits 9 and 9c determine the flow in these
conduits and thus the quantity ratio between the liquid 10 and the
liquid 10a (the ratio of admixed components). The amount of liquid
flow from the conduits 9 and 9c is determined exclusively by the
smallest cross section provided in these conduits, when the partial
vacuum in the annular passage 12 and suction chamber 11 is made no
greater than required for the intake of the amount of liquid as
determined by the overall mixing ration over a suction lift of
approximately 50 millimeters.
To the upper end of the plunger 2a is connected a spindle 13 which
has on its free end a spindle head 32 with a key face 33 for a
rotating key and/or a micrometer knob 34 with a radial pointer 34a
and a radial dial 34b (not visible in the drawing), as well as a
longitudinal dial (rotation indicator) 35. The micrometer knob 34
is rotationally linked to the spindle 13 by a key 32a, but axially
retained against the housing 1 by a groove. The axial position of
the spindle 13 and plunger 2a is indicated as a rotation count by
the position of the face 34c of the micrometer knob 34 with respect
to the longitudinal dial 35 and the fraction of a rotation is
indicated by the pointer 34a on the radial dial 34b. The reading is
similar to that of a micrometer. The diameter of the radial dial
34b is enlarged to facilitate precise adjustment settings.
In FIG. 2, the housing of the jet mixer is again designated with 1,
and it includes the pressure nozzle 2, the receiving nozzle 6, and
the diffuser 7. The pressurized liquid is pumped through the
conduit 5 and the shutoff valve 36 into the annular chamber 1a of
the jet mixer. From there it passes through the pressure nozzle 2
and the center portion of the receiving nozzle 6, then into the
mixing tube, and from the diffuser 7 into the liquid conduit 5b. In
this conduit is arranged a blending apparatus 17 from where the
liquid flows to a storage container (not shown) which may at the
same time serve as the impregnation container.
The position of the pressure nozzle can be adjusted by means of the
spindle 13, thereby allowing infinite variation of the passage
between the receiving nozzle 6 and the pressure nozzle 2. For this
longitudinal adjustment of the pressure nozzle 2, the spindle 13
carries a key face 33 and micrometer knob 34. The adjustment and
reading of the setting is performed similar to that of conventional
micrometer screws, as indicated in FIG. 1. The setting is always
exactly reproducible. The housing 1 is provided with a suction
chamber 11 into which discharge the conduits 9 and 9c for the
admixed liquids. Before reaching the suction chamber 11, each
liquid passes through a flow gauge 37, 37a, a shutoff valve 36a,
36b, and a throttle valve 38, 38a. The throttle valves 38, 38a and
the remotely controllable shutoff valves 36a, 36b are arranged as
closely as possible to the jet mixer housing 1. The jet mixer may
have only one such conduit 9, or it may be connected to several of
them, as indicated in FIG. 3 by 9, 9b, 9c, 9e, each of them being
provided with a flow gauge 37, 37a, 37b, etc., a shutoff valve 36a,
36b, 36c, etc., and a throttle valve 38, 38a, 38b, etc., near their
discharge into the suction chamber 11. The conduits 9, 9b, 9c,
etc., are also connected to accumulators for the storage of syrup,
sugar solution, essences, flavors, and raw materials. The
accumulators are open to atmospheric pressure and are fed in a
known manner, the liquid supply being controlled by an automatic
level control. The liquid level 14a in each of the accumulations 14
is held at about 5 centimeters below the level at which the
throttle valves 38, 38a, 38b, etc., discharge into the jet mixer,
so that the pressurized liquid arriving through the conduit 5 and
discharging from the pressure nozzle 2 takes in the admixed liquid
by suction resulting from the partial vacuum created in the suction
chamber 11.
FIG. 4 shows one of the throttle valves 38, 38a at an enlarged
scale. The valve includes a spindle 39 and a screw knob 39a
comparable to known micrometer screws. The position of the valve
cock 39b is thereby made adjustable in small increments, and the
dial allows exact reproduction of any given setting.
All the shutoff valves 36, 36a, 36b have identical actuating
mechanisms, to eliminate the possibility that through differing
switching time values a changed mixing ratio obtains during startup
and shutdown of the installation. Of course, the nominal diameters
and passages of the shutoff valves 36, 36a, 36b, etc., must
correspond to the various liquid supply conduits 9, 9a, 9b, etc.,
and are therefore different in size. In order to obtain these
identical switching time constants for all the shutoff valves 36,
36a, 36b, etc., the air lines 46 which supply the compressed air to
them are also arranged to have equal lengths or else they are
provided with corresponding throttle valves, and the air lines 46
are controlled by a common remote-controlled solenoid valve 40.
This solenoid valve 40 is operatively connected with the drive of
the pressure supply pump which supplies pressurized liquid through
the conduit 5, the pump and the valve operating in unison. When the
drive is switched off, all the shutoff valves 36, 36a, 36b, etc.,
are also suddenly and simultaneously actuated, and when the drive
of pump 41 is switched on, all of them are suddenly opened again.
At 42 is indicated the common supply line for compressed air, and
at 43 is schematically indicated the pulse line connecting the
solenoid valve 40 to the pressure supply pump 41. The pressure
liquid is drawn by the pump 41 from an accumulator 47 to which it
is supplied through the pipe 48. Preferably, the pressure liquid is
also degasified inside the accumulator 47. For this purpose, the
accumulator 47 is connected to a vacuum pump 45 over the conduit
44.
The conduit 5 for the pressurized liquid also includes a flow gauge
37f between the pump 41 and the shutoff valve 36. This flow gauge,
as well as the other flow gauges 37, 37a, 37b, etc., are calibrated
gauges, the gauge 37f being calibrated for the nominal flow volume
of pressurized liquid. FIG. 2 does not show the accumulator for the
conduit 9, and likewise, no conduits and control elements are shown
for additional supply lines such as indicated, for example, in FIG.
3, where additional connections 9b and 9e for a five-component
mixer are shown. The three-component measuring and mixing jet of
FIG. 2 could thus be expanded to a five-component measuring and
mixing jet.
When it is desired to mix a prepared beverage syrup to water in a
predetermined quantity ratio, only a two-component mixer is needed,
which includes, in addition to the pump 41, the flow gauge 37f, and
the shutoff valve 36, only a single syrup conduit 9c connecting the
syrup accumulator 14 with the jet mixer, via a flow gauge 37a, a
shutoff valve 36b, and a throttle valve 38a. Such an apparatus
assures in a simple way the maintenance of a given mixing ratio
between water and syrup without the need of additional control
devices, and the proper mixing ratio is even maintained during the
startup and shutdown of the installation. In addition, the conduits
and cavities are so dimensioned that the ratio of the total volume
of all admixed liquids contained in the flow paths between the
valve seats 36a, 36b, etc., and the receiving nozzle 6 to the
volume of pressurized liquid contained between the valve seat of
the shutoff valve 36 and the exit orifice of the pressure nozzle 2
approximately 1 to 5, which ratio corresponds to the average mixing
ratio for water and a prepared beverage syrup. Similarly, the
conduits for the admixed components leading to the suction chamber
11 are arranged to contain each a liquid volume corresponding to
its share in the total amount of syrup. Thus, even in the case
where last runnings occur after the closing of all shutoff valves
36, 36a, 36b, etc., these last runnings, too, are in approximately
the correct mixing ratio and the overall mixing ratio is not
disturbed. For mixing installations which are designed only for
beverage production under a predetermined unchanging quantity
ratio, these cavities and volumes may be determined to correspond
precisely to the desired mixing ratio.
The device of the invention thus permits the admixing of the
prepared beverage syrup in the correct, predetermined quantity
ratio, without the need of metering pumps or similar complex and
costly devices. By means of the flow gauges 37a and 37f (in the
case of the two-component mixer), the operation can be monitored
visually, and corrections can be made, when necessary, by
readjusting the position of the pressure nozzle 2. For such a
two-component mixer, the throttle valve 38a is preferably
completely open, thus allowing the passage 12 between the pressure
nozzle 2 and the receiving nozzle 6 to be the sole determining
factor for the mixing ratio.
The device of the invention also makes it possible to directly
admix the ingredients of the syrup as separate components to the
water. This requires separate supply conduits for these components
with the corresponding elements 37, 36a and 38. Such connections
and elements, as would be necessary for a three-component mixer,
are shown in FIG. 2, while FIG. 3 indicates the connections for a
five-component mixer. When a plurality of syrup components is
supplied through the conduits 9, 9b, 9c and 9e, the corresponding
throttle valves 38 must be adjusted by means of their micrometer
knobs 39, 39a (FIG. 4), so that the size of their throttle passages
corresponds to the desired quantity ratio of the admixed syrup
components. Thus, the quantity ratios of the syrup components
relative to one another are determined by the settings of the
throttle valves shown in FIGS. 2 an 4. In addition, it is possible
to adjust the mixing ratio between the water and the total amount
of admixed syrup by axially displacing the pressure nozzle 2.
The above arrangement permits direct admixing of the separate
components of the beverage without the need of prior measuring and
mixing in the juice kitchen. Most of the operations in the juice
kitchen can thereby be eliminated, and the juice kitchen itself
becomes to a great extent unnecessary. The proper settings of the
micrometer knobs for each beverage are established and recorded,
and any such setting can be reproduced in a very short time.
Normally, the pressure of the pump 41 and thus the flow volume of
pressurized liquid through the conduit 5 remain unchanged, and for
the adaptation to the various customer production runs it is only
necessary to shut down the pump 41 and the shutoff valves 36, 36a,
36b, etc.
However, it is also possible to use the device of the invention in
the juice kitchen itself for the preparation of the beverage syrup,
when it is impossible or undesirable to directly mix the separate
components of the syrup to the water. In this case it is the sugar
solution which is used as the pressurized liquid which passes
through the pump 41, the conduit 5, the shutoff valve 36, and
through the pressure nozzle 2. To this sugar solution are admixed
the other syrup components, such as raw materials, acids, and
essences, which are supplied in liquid form or as a solution,
through the conduits 9, 9b, 9c, 9e, etc., so that the finished
mixture leaving the jet mixer is not a beverage, but a prepared
syrup. Here, too, the quantity ratio, once set, is consistently
maintained and interferences are eliminated. It is then no longer
necessary to use measuring and other metering devices in the juice
kitchen, and it is possible, for example, to feed the syrup
components directly from the shipping containers into the jet
mixer, and to discharge the finished syrup into an accumulator or
into a storage container. The sugar solution which is employed as
the pressure liquid can also be degasified inside the accumulator
47, as in the case when water is used in the beverage production.
This largely eliminates any negative effects of the air on the
basic substances of the beverage or of the syrup. The use of the
sugar solution as the pressure liquid takes advantage of the fact
that the quantity ratio between the sugar solution and the other
basic components of the syrup is comparable to the ratio between
the water and the syrup in the beverage production. The invention
thus offers a substantial simplification of the production of soft
drinks and of syrups. Obviously, the device can also be used for
the mixing of alcoholic distillates with water, which latter may
also be carbonated. Such carbonation may be performed prior to, or
after the mixing. The finished beverage, which is normally
impregnated with carbon dioxide, can be drawn from a storage
container and supplied to a bottle filler or can filler, or it may
be filled into larger containers, such as shipping barrels and the
like.
Of course, the device illustrated and described herein represents
but a preferred embodiment of the invention, and it should be
understood, therefore, that it is possible to modify the device in
various ways such as, for example, by providing the adjustability
of the annular space 12 between the nozzles 2 and 6 through
longitudinal displacement of the receiving nozzle 6 inside the
housing 1.
* * * * *