U.S. patent number 3,643,551 [Application Number 05/062,028] was granted by the patent office on 1972-02-22 for hydraulic cylinder.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing Company. Invention is credited to David A. Berg.
United States Patent |
3,643,551 |
Berg |
February 22, 1972 |
HYDRAULIC CYLINDER
Abstract
A hydraulic cylinder having a cylindrical sleeve with a closure
wall on the end including a seal and a resilient lock element
removably positioned to fix the axial position of the wall relative
to the sleeve.
Inventors: |
Berg; David A. (Milwaukee,
WI) |
Assignee: |
Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing
Company (Milwaukee, WI)
|
Family
ID: |
22039759 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/062,028 |
Filed: |
August 7, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
92/128;
92/164 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F15B
15/1438 (20130101); F16J 10/02 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F15B
15/00 (20060101); F16J 10/00 (20060101); F16J
10/02 (20060101); F15B 15/14 (20060101); F01b
029/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;92/128,164
;292/256.65 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Maslousky; Paul E.
Assistant Examiner: Payne; Leslie J.
Claims
The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property of
privilege is claimed are defined as follows:
1. A hydraulic cylinder comprising a cylinder sleeve defining an
internal concentric annular groove on the end portion thereof, an
external peripheral surface forming the external periphery of said
groove, a head received within said sleeve defining an eccentric
annular recess on its external periphery, a circular inner
peripheral surface forming the internal periphery of said recess, a
deformable resilient ring element expanded to continuously engage
the periphery of said annular groove positioned partially in said
groove and said recess to axially lock the head and sleeve, said
resilient ring having end portions which define ears of greater
radial thickness than the combined radial depth of said groove and
recess to thereby prevent rotation of said ring relative to said
head, said resilient ring defining an internal peripheral surface
substantially concentric with the circular surface of said recess,
said head defining an opening extending axially from the external
side of said head to permit access for deforming said ring element
to permit disassembly of said hydraulic cylinder.
2. A hydraulic cylinder as set forth in claim 1 wherein said head
defines an axial extension of a limited peripheral portion of said
annular recess to form said opening.
3. A hydraulic cylinder as set forth in claim 1 wherein said ring
element defines an ear on each end portion received in said opening
of said head adapted for engagement with a tool to contract said
ring element.
4. A hydraulic cylinder as set forth in claim 1 wherein said ring
element defines a ring of nonuniform radial thickness wherein the
center portion tapers to a thinner radial thickness of the end
portions.
5. A hydraulic cylinder as set forth in claim 1 wherein said
annular recess in said head defines said inner peripheral surface
for engaging said ring element when said ring element is contracted
for aligning said ring element within said recess when said
hydraulic cylinder is assembled or disassembled.
6. A hydraulic cylinder as set forth in claim 1 wherein said head
defines a groove, a seal received in said groove engaging said
sleeve to thereby seal said head with said sleeve
hydraulically.
7. A hydraulic cylinder as set forth in claim 1 wherein said ring
element defines an ear on each end of said ring, each of said ears
defining a hole for reception of a tool to thereby contract said
ring for disassembly of said hydraulic cylinder.
8. A hydraulic cylinder as set forth in claim 1 wherein said
resilient ring element defines a substantially radially thicker
center portion with tapered end portions.
9. A hydraulic cylinder as set forth in claim 1 wherein said ring
element defines ears on its end position for reception in said
opening, said head forming said eccentric recess with the point on
the inner peripheral surface adjacent said opening the closest to
said cylinder sleeve, said ears on said ring element having greater
radial than the combined radial depth of said groove and said
recess to thereby prevent said ring from rotating beyond said
opening in said head.
Description
This invention relates to a hydraulic actuator and more
particularly to a hydraulic cylinder having a cylindrical sleeve
with a head forming an end wall which is fastened together by a
single resilient deformable locking element to maintain the axial
position of the head in the cylindrical sleeve.
With the increased use of hydraulic cylinders in hydraulic systems,
a low unit cost for each cylinder is becoming increasingly
important. By simplifying the component structure, reducing the
machining operations and using a relatively few number of parts
which can be easily assembled and disassembled, a substantial
economy can be achieved. The conventional threaded construction or
welded construction head in the cylindrical sleeve for assembly and
disassembly of the hydraulic cylinder can be eliminated.
Accordingly, this invention provides a cylindrical sleeve for
receiving the head portion defining the end wall of the hydraulic
cylinder. Either one or both ends of the hydraulic cylinder can be
constructed in this manner. The head or cylindrical sleeve define
an annular recess for receiving a seal element to seal the
hydraulic fluid in the hydraulic cylinder. Another annular groove
is formed in a portion of the cylindrical sleeve which is aligned
with the mating annular recess formed in the external periphery of
the head. The head also is formed with an axial opening for a
limited peripheral portion to accept an instrument for removing a
deformable resilient element such as the snapring in the groove and
recess of the cylindrical sleeve and head. In this manner a single
deformable resilient element locks the axial position of a
cylindrical head in the cylindrical sleeve to provide a simple
convenient means of manufacturing and assembly of a hydraulic
cylinder.
It is the object of this invention to provide a hydraulic cylinder
having a cylindrical sleeve and receiving a head in which a
resilient and deformable element locks the sleeve axially to the
head.
It is another object of this invention to provide a hydraulic
cylinder assembly having a cylindrical sleeve receiving a
cylindrical head with a deformable resilient element received in
mating grooves of the sleeve and head to lock the head relative to
the cylindrical sleeve while simultaneously sealing the two
elements with a sealing means.
It is a further object of this invention to provide a hydraulic
cylinder assembly having a cylindrical sleeve and a cylindrical
head received therein. The head and sleeve define annular recesses
axially aligned with each other to receive a snapring with access
means in the head to permit unlocking of the snapring for
disassembly of a hydraulic cylinder.
The objects of this invention are accomplished by providing a
cylindrical sleeve with a machined inner surface to receive a
machine head forming of a mating external surface. The internal
periphery of the cylindrical sleeve and the external periphery of
the cylindrical head each define a mating groove for simultaneously
receiving a portion of an expandable element such as the snapring
to lock the sleeve and head axially. An opening for a limited
portion of the periphery of the head permits the insertion of a
tool for contraction of a snapring for disassembling of the
hydraulic cylinder. Suitable sealing means are provided between the
head and cylindrical sleeve for sealing of the hydraulic
cylinder.
Referring to the drawings,
FIG. 1 illustrates a cross section view of the hydraulic
cylinder.
FIG. 2 illustrates a cross section view of the hydraulic cylinder
taken on line II--II of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a cross section view taken from line III--III of FIG.
1.
Referring to the drawings, FIG. 1 shows a piston 1 having a shank 2
defining an opening 3 for receiving a pin for a mechanism not
shown. The piston 1 defines an annular depression 4 which receives
the ring 5. The ring 5 engages a beveled surface 6 on the inner
periphery of the cylindrical sleeve 7.
The cylindrical sleeve 7 also forms a groove 8 and a groove 9 for
receiving seals 10 and 11. The piston 1 reciprocates within the
sleeve as the hydraulic cylinder is operated. A portion of the
sleeve and the cylinder is shown broken away.
The sleeve 7 is also formed with a bevel surface 12 on the other
end and also defines a groove 13 for receiving the snapring 14. The
recess 15, on the external periphery of the head 16, receives the
seal 17. The head 16 is positioned within the cylindrical sleeve 7
and forms an end portion 18 defining a pinhole 19 for attachment to
an external device.
The head 16 forms a drilled passage 119 in communication with the
axial passage 20 leading to the pressurized chamber 21 within the
hydraulic cylinder. The beveled surface 22 adjoins the groove 13 in
the end of the cylindrical sleeve 7. The radial surface 24 prevents
the head 16 from moving axially to the right beyond the
predetermined position. When the snapring 14 is contracted to a
centered position the head can be easily withdrawn from the sleeve
to disassemble the hydraulic cylinder.
Referring to FIG. 2 the head is shown in a cross section view
positioned in the hydraulic cylinder. The passages 119 and 20 are
formed in the head.
FIG. 3 is a cross section view taken adjacent to the snapring 14
which shows the cylinder in the assembled position. The particular
configuration of the ring is not of equal radial thickness
throughout the length of the snapring 14. The snapring has a radial
thickness at its center portion which is slightly less than the
radial thickness of the ears 30 and 31. The radial thickness of the
ring 14 tapers from the center portion 32 to a point adjacent to
the ears 30 and 31. This causes the ring to retain a substantially
circular shape on its external periphery as the ears 30 and 31 are
contracted by inserting a tool in the openings 33 and 34.
The groove 13 is of circular figuration having a center concentric
with the sleeve 7. The circle formed by the external periphery of
groove 13 is centered at 35. The internal periphery of the recess
50 in head 16 is also circular but the center defined by the inner
periphery recess 50 is centered about the center point 37. With an
eccentric relationship of the inner periphery of recess 50 and
outer periphery of groove 13, the points 38 and 39 are closer to
the external periphery 40 of groove 13 than the point 41. Because
of this relationship and the radial thickness of ears 30 and 31,
the ring 14 cannot freely rotate within the groove 13 because the
ears 30 and 31 will engage the points 38 or 39 to prevent
rotation.
The hydraulic cylinder is assembled by placing the seals 10 and 11
in the grooves 8 and 9 and then inserting the piston 1 with the
snapring 5 positioned thereon within the sleeve 7 from the left
end. The head is assembled by positioning the seal 17 in the groove
15 and also positioning the snapring 14 in the recess 50 and
retaining the snapring in a contracted position by inserting a tool
in the holes 33 and 34 of the ears 30 and 31 and maintaining this
contracted position as the head is inserted within the end of the
sleeve 7. The bevel surface 12 assists in concentrically aligning
the snapring 14 within the recess 50 as the snapring rides under
the beveled surface 12 into the cylindrical opening 23 of sleeve 7.
The head is moved in the right-hand direction until the snapring 14
aligns itself in the annular groove 13 in the sleeve 7. When the
recess 50 and the groove 13 are in alignment, the snapring 14 is
released and permitted to expand to partially position itself
within the groove 13 and the recess 50. The snapring expands
radially and the partial seating of itself within the groove 13 and
recess 50 firmly locks the sleeve 7 to the head 16 to retain this
fixed axial position.
The snapring 14 is tapered from its center portions to the ears 31
and 30, the taper is provided to maintain a circular configuration
of its outer periphery as the snapring 14 expands.
The hydraulic cylinder is disassembled by inserting a tool axially
within opening 45 and engaging the openings 33 and 34. The ring is
contracted by moving the ears 31 and 30 together. Due to the
unequal radial thickness of the ring, although a greater stress is
placed on the center portion, the ring maintains a circular outer
periphery. The centering of the ring can be further augmented by
forcing the head 16 slightly inwardly causing the snapring 14 to
center itself on the bevel surface 22. When the snapring 14 is
centered within the opening 23 of the sleeve 7 it can then be
withdrawn completely from the opening by withdrawing the head 16 in
the opposite direction. This in turn permits removal of the piston
and complete dismantling of the hydraulic cylinder. Any parts which
need replacing can be replaced and the cylinder reassembled in a
manner as previously described.
* * * * *