U.S. patent number 3,642,211 [Application Number 04/840,012] was granted by the patent office on 1972-02-15 for liquid sprayers.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Joseph Lucas (Industries) Limited. Invention is credited to Harold Place.
United States Patent |
3,642,211 |
Place |
February 15, 1972 |
LIQUID SPRAYERS
Abstract
A liquid sprayer comprises a tubular body with a solid end wall.
A transverse slot extends diametrically across the exterior face of
the end wall and a hypodermic tube extends through a drilling
intersecting the slot. The ends of the tube are seated externally
of the body and it is formed adjacent its ends with openings inside
the body. Within the slot a discharge slot is formed in the tube.
The body is contained in an air casing with air discharge ports to
create a flat fan-shaped air flow pattern enclosing the flat
fan-shaped liquid spray pattern produced by the discharge of liquid
from the slot.
Inventors: |
Place; Harold (Accrington,
EN) |
Assignee: |
Joseph Lucas (Industries)
Limited (Birmingham, EN)
|
Family
ID: |
10469825 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/840,012 |
Filed: |
July 8, 1969 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Nov 14, 1968 [GB] |
|
|
54,069/68 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
239/426; 239/597;
239/434; 239/545; 239/601 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F23D
11/38 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F23D
11/36 (20060101); F23D 11/38 (20060101); B05b
007/08 () |
Field of
Search: |
;239/426,434,601,422,543,545,597,299 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: King; Lloyd L.
Assistant Examiner: Thieme; Reinhold W.
Claims
Having thus described my invention what I claim as new and desire
to secure by Letters Patent is:
1. A liquid sprayer comprising a tubular body having a solid end
portion formed with a slot extending across said end portion, a
fine tube situated in a drilling intersecting said slot, a
transverse discharge slot formed in the tube within the slot in the
end of the body, and a pair of entry slots formed in the inner
surface of said solid end portion of the body and in the tube at
diametrically opposite positions, the ends of the tube being
pinched together and welded or otherwise sealed externally of the
body.
2. A liquid sprayer as claimed in claim 1 further comprising an air
casing surrounding the body and having an end wall formed with a
slot parallel to the slot in tubular body, said air casing having
an inlet and a pair of ports opening into the slot therein from
opposite sides.
3. A liquid sprayer comprising the combination of a tubular body
having an open end and an end wall at the other end, said end wall
having a diametral passageway open at both of its ends to the
interior of the body and a transverse discharge slot opening from
the passageway onto the exterior of the end wall at the center
thereof, said passageway being a fine tube located in a drilling in
the body end wall intersecting a transverse slot in the exterior of
the body end wall, the discharge slot being in the tube within said
transverse slot, whereby, when liquid is introduced into the
interior of the body at a sufficient pressure, an atomized spray is
ejected from the discharge slot in a flat fan-shaped spray pattern,
and an air casing surrounding said tubular body, said air casing
having an air inlet and the air casing and the tubular body being
shaped to define therebetween a pair of oppositely disposed air
discharge ports which discharge air streams parallel to the
passageway in the body to create a flat fan-shaped airflow pattern
enclosing the spray pattern and assisting in atomization of the
liquid.
4. A liquid sprayer as claimed in claim 3, in which the air casing
has an end wall formed externally with a diametral rib and with a
groove transverse to said rib and internally with a diametral
groove within said rib, the tubular body fitting into said internal
groove with the discharge slot parallel to the external groove in
the air casing.
5. Combustion apparatus for a gas turbine engine comprising an
outer wall to the interior of which air is supplied, an inner wall
within said outer defining a combustion zone within said inner
wall, said inner wall having a plurality of openings through which
air passes into the combustion zone, and at least one burner head
mounted on the outer wall and projecting through a hole in the
inner wall, said burner head comprising a tubular body with an end
wall having a diametral passageway open at both ends to the
interior of the body, and a discharge slot transverse to said
passageway and providing communication between the passageway and
the combustion zone, means for ducting fuel under pressure to the
interior of the tubular body, and an air casing surrounding the
body and engaged with the inner and outer walls and formed with an
air inlet disposed between said inner and outer walls, the body and
the air casing being shaped to form between them a pair of
oppositely disposed air discharge ports for directing streams of
air towards one another in directions parallel to said passageway
adjacent said discharge slot.
Description
This invention relates to liquid sprayers and has as an object to
provide a sprayer in a convenient form.
A sprayer in accordance with the invention comprises a tubular body
having a solid end portion formed with a slot extending across said
end portion, a fine tube situated in a drilling intersecting said
slot, a transverse discharge slot formed in the tube within the
slot in the end of the body, and a pair of entry slots formed in
the inner surface of said solid end portion of the body and in the
tube at diametrically opposite positions, the ends of the tube
being pinched together and welded or otherwise sealed externally of
the body.
An example of the invention is shown in the accompanying drawings
in which:
FIG. 1, is a section through an example of a liquid sprayer in
accordance with the invention;
FIG. 2 is a section on line 2--2 in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a section on a smaller scale showing the sprayer in
position in a burner head;
FIG. 4 is an elevation of the burner head shown in FIG. 3 partly in
section; and
FIG. 5 is a sectional view on a still smaller scale of the burner
head installed in a combustion chamber.
Referring first to FIGS. 1 and 2, the liquid sprayer comprises a
tubular body 10 which has a solid end portion 11. A transverse slot
12 extends diametrically across the outside face of the end portion
11. A hypodermic tube 13 extends through a diametral drilling in
the end portion 11 intersecting the slot 12 at right angles. The
hypodermic tube has its ends brazed or otherwise secured in
position in the drilling. A liquid discharge slot 14 is formed in
the tube 13 in alignment with the axis of the slot 12, it being
noted that the depth of the slot 14 is slightly less than the
radius of the tube 13. To allow liquid from the body 10 to enter
the tube 13 there are a pair of diametrically opposite arcuate
entry slots 15 which are formed by spark erosion after the tube 13
has been fixed in position, but before the slot 14 has been formed.
The entry slots 15 extend both through the end portion 11 of the
body 10 and through the tube 13. The ends of the tube are pinched
together externally of the body 10 and then welded to seal the ends
of the tube thoroughly.
The sprayer is made by inserting the tube 13 through the drilling
in the end portion 11 of the body after the slot 12 has been formed
therein. The tube 13 is then brazed in position at its ends and the
slots 15 are then formed, as mentioned above, by spark erosion. The
slot 14 is then formed and the tube 13 is then cutoff close to the
outside surface of the body 10 and its ends are pinched together
and welded.
The sprayer body 10 is secured in use at the end remote from the
end having the hypodermic tube 13 to a burner body 17 which has a
fluid inlet 18 incorporating a strainer 19. Also secured to the
burner body 17 is an air casing 20 which surrounds the body 10. The
casing has an air inlet 20a in its sidewall and its end wall is
shaped to provide a pair of air discharge ports 21 which direct, in
use, jets of air across the outside face of the end portion 11 of
the body 10 from diametrically opposite positions. As will be seen
from FIG. 4 the external surface of the end of the air casing 20 is
formed with a rib 22 extending diametrically thereacross. The
internal surface of the end wall of the air casing 20 is formed, by
electro erosion or otherwise, with a diametral groove 23 extending
inside the rib 22. The body 10 fits into this groove 23 with the
axis of tube 13 parallel to the length of the groove 23. A
transverse groove 24 is cut diametrically across the exterior of
the end wall of the air casing 20 thereby opening the groove 23 to
the exterior of the air casing. The ports 21 are thus formed by the
combination of the body 10 with the air casing 20.
The sprayer is designed to produce a flat liquid spray pattern and
the air jets from the ports 21 form a flat airflow pattern of shape
and orientation similar to the spray shape. The assembly described
above is of particular utility in small size gas turbine engines
where very low fuel pressures exist during idling. In addition the
problem of obtaining effective atomization is made worse since
available air pressures are also extremely low. As shown in FIG. 5
the burner head is installed in the double wall of a gas turbine
engine combustion chamber. The inner wall 25 of the combustion
chamber has an opening into which the air casing fits and the
burner body fits into an opening in the outer wall 26. Thus the air
inlet 20a opens into the air jacket 27 to which air is supplied
before passing into the combustion zone through various openings in
the inner wall 25. The ports 21, on the other hand, open into the
interior of the inner wall. During idling the minimum air pressure
drop across the inner wall 25 which may be expected is in the
region of only 21/2 inches (63.5 mm.) water gauge. At the same
speed the fuel pressure may be as low as 1 p.s.i. (70g./CM..sup.2).
Even under these adverse conditions satisfactory atomization can be
obtained from the burner head described.
* * * * *