U.S. patent number 3,640,456 [Application Number 05/049,595] was granted by the patent office on 1972-02-08 for self-contained steam heating unit.
Invention is credited to Clifford M. Sturgis.
United States Patent |
3,640,456 |
Sturgis |
February 8, 1972 |
SELF-CONTAINED STEAM HEATING UNIT
Abstract
The invention is in a self-contained steam heating unit for
heating an area or room, said unit being self-contained and not
requiring any permanent connection or attachment to a liquid or
heat source. The heating unit is a closed system including a
radiator unit having a flow passage therethrough. A boiler
containing a liquid and having a heater for heating the liquid and
converting the same into steam is provided with a discharge
distributing the steam through the radiator unit. A condenser
chamber is connected to the radiator unit remote from the boiler,
the condensed vapors returning to the boiler. A thermostat or the
like is responsive to the temperature in the area to be heated and
is operative to interrupt a circuit to the heater when the
temperature in the area is above a predetermined amount. A cabinet
encloses the heating unit and may be a baseboard cabinet type
arranged with openings whereby air flow is from the bottom of the
cabinet upwardly by the radiator to be heated thereby and then
circulated into the room or area to be heated.
Inventors: |
Sturgis; Clifford M. (Colorado
Springs, CO) |
Family
ID: |
21960657 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/049,595 |
Filed: |
June 25, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
237/7;
237/16 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F24H
3/004 (20130101); F28D 1/0226 (20130101); F28D
2021/0035 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F24H
3/00 (20060101); F24h 003/08 () |
Field of
Search: |
;237/7,16,17,18,70
;165/142 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Michael; Edward J.
Claims
What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:
1. A self-contained closed system steam heating unit comprising
a. an elongate radiator unit having a longitudinal flow passage
therein, said passage being slightly inclined for gravity flow of
liquid to one end thereof;
b. a boiler unit containing liquid to be vaporized and having inner
and outer chambers with communicating passages at lower portions
thereof, for flow of liquid from the outer chamber to the inner
chamber said outer chamber having free flow communication with said
one end of said flow passage;
c. a heating element in the boiler and operative to heat the liquid
and form steam in the inner chamber;
d. an elongate steam discharge pipe having one end communicating
with the upper portion of the inner chamber and extending therefrom
longitudinally within and above the bottom of the flow passage of
said radiator unit, said discharge pipe having spaced orifices
distributing steam along the length of said flow passage;
e. a condenser having a condensate chamber of substantial size
above the radiation unit, a riser connecting an end of said flow
passage of the radiator unit remotely from the boiler with said
condensate chamber and providing free flow from said condensate
chamber to the flow passage of the radiator unit; and
f. means including a temperature responsive device controlling the
heating element of the boiler.
2. A self-contained steam heating unit as set forth in claim 1
wherein:
a. the heating unit has a pair of radiator units with said boiler
centered therebetween and said radiator units extending from
opposite sides of said boiler; and
b. said condenser is an elongate tank positioned above the radiator
units.
3. The self-contained steam heating unit as set forth in claim 2
wherein:
a. each of said radiator units is an elongated pipe with heat
transfer fins carried thereon substantially for the length thereof;
and
b. said condenser extends substantially the length of the radiator
units and is formed of material having relatively high heat
conductivity to facilitate condensation of the vapors entering the
condensate chamber.
4. The self-contained steam heating unit as set forth in claim 1
including:
a. a cabinet having walls enclosing the heating unit; and
b. air passages in upper and lower portions of the cabinet with the
heating unit disposed in said cabinet between said passages whereby
air moving between said air passages is heated by said radiator
units.
5. The self-contained steam heating unit as set forth in claim 1
wherein the liquid in the unit is a mixture of water and glycol
antifreeze and a wetting agent.
6. The self-contained steam heating unit as set forth in claim 5
wherein the mixture is substantially 40 percent water and 60
percent glycol antifreeze and a wetting agent.
7. A self-contained steam heating unit comprising:
a. an elongated radiator unit having a flow passage therein;
b. a boiler having a liquid containing chamber therein;
c. a heating element in the boiler and operative to heat the liquid
in the chamber and form steam;
d. an elongated steam discharging pipe within the flow passage of
said radiator unit, said steam discharging pipe having one end
communicating with the liquid containing chamber of said boiler and
plurality of spaced orifices above the bottom of flow passage for
discharging steam therein;
e. a condenser having a condensate chamber of substantial size
therein;
f. means communicating the flow passage of said radiator unit with
the condensate chamber;
g. means communicating the condensate chamber with the liquid
containing chamber of said boiler for free flow of condensed liquid
to said boiler chamber, said means having a delivery outlet to said
chamber below a liquid level in the boiler chamber; and
h. means including a temperature responsive device controlling the
heating element in the boiler.
8. A self-contained steam heating unit comprising:
a. a pair of elongated radiator units each having a flow passage
therein;
b. a boiler centered between said radiator units and having an
inner and outer chamber therein and containing a quantity of liquid
to be vaporized, said flow passages of the radiator units having
ends connected to the boiler in communication with the outer
chamber thereof;
c. a heating element in the boiler and operative to heat the liquid
in the inner chamber and form steam;
d. an elongated steam discharging pipe within the flow passage of
each of said radiator units, said steam discharging pipes each
having one end communicating with an upper portion of the inner
chamber of said boiler and a plurality of spaced orifices above the
bottom of said passage for discharging steam therein;
e. a condenser having a condensate chamber of substantial size
therein;
f. means communicating the other ends of the flow passage of each
of said radiator units with the condensate chamber;
g. means communicating the condensate chamber with the outer
chamber of said boiler for flow of condensed liquid to said boiler
chamber, said outer chamber having communication with said inner
chamber below a liquid level in the outer chamber; and
h. means including a temperature responsive device controlling the
heating element in the boiler.
9. The self-contained steam heating unit as set forth in claim 8
wherein the flow passages in the radiator units and the condensate
chamber are inclined for gravity flow of condensate to the outer
chamber of the boiler.
Description
The present invention relates to steam heating units and more
particularly to self-contained steam heating unit not requiring any
permanent connection to a liquid or heat source.
The principal objects of the present invention are: to provide a
self-contained steam heating unit which may be portable and which
is adapted to heat an area or room; to provide such a heating unit
which does not require a permanent connection or attachment to a
liquid supply or heat source other than to an electric circuit; to
provide such a heater enclosed in a cabinet arranged for air flow
affected by the heating action; to provide such a closed heating
system including a liquid boiler, radiator unit, and condenser
connected in a circuit whereby the heater in the boiler vaporizes
the liquid which flows through the radiator unit with the vapors
being condensed in the condenser and the liquid returning to the
boiler; to provide such a heating unit having a vapor flow block
between the condenser and the boiler; and to provide a closed
system heating unit that is economical to manufacture, capable of
continued efficient operation in providing suitable heat in a
surrounding area, durable in construction, and particularly well
adapted for the proposed use.
Other objects and advantages of this invention will become apparent
from the following description taken in connection with the
accompanying drawings wherein are set forth by way of illustration
and example certain embodiments of this invention.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a cabinet enclosed heater embodying
features of the present invention with portions broken away to show
the portions thereof.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged elevational view of the heating unit with
portions broken away to illustrate the structure thereof.
FIG. 3 is a transverse sectional view through the radiator
unit.
Referring more in detail to the drawings:
The reference numeral 1 generally designates a heater unit adapted
to be enclosed within a cabinet 2 and in the illustrated structure,
the cabinet 2 is an elongated member for use as a baseboard heater.
The cabinet 2 may be suitably supported adjacent the baseboard of a
wall 3 in spaced relation to a floor 4. The cabinet has opposite
end walls 5, top wall 6, bottom wall 7, front wall 8, and a rear
wall 9. Passages or openings 10 are arranged in a bottom portion or
wall of the cabinet 2 and openings or passages 11 arranged in an
upper portion or wall of the cabinet 2 for flow of air through the
cabinet. In the illustrated structure, there are a plurality of
spaced strips 12 arranged in the openings 11 to form a grill or
louver like appearance. A temperature responsive device or
thermostat 13 may be arranged in any suitable location in the area
to be heated, and in the illustrated structure, the thermostat 13
is shown mounted on the front wall 8 adjacent one end of the
cabinet.
The heater unit 1 may have one or more elongated radiator units 14
and in the illustrated structure there are two extending in
opposite directions from a boiler unit 15. Each radiator unit has a
tubular flow member or pipe 16 with a plurality of heat dissipating
fins 17 arranged on or carried thereby for substantially the length
thereof, said units being of finned tube structure for rapid heat
radiation. One end 18 of each of the pipes 16 communicates with an
upper portion of an inner liquid containing chamber 19 of the
boiler 15. The heater unit 1 has the boiler 15 centered therein and
the tubular flow members or pipes 16 communicating with opposite
sides thereof and the other end 20 of each of the radiator units
has communication through a flow pipe or duct 21 to a condenser 22
having a condensate chamber therein. The boiler unit 15 is
preferably positioned in the center of the heater unit 1 with the
pipes 16 connected to the upper portion of the chamber 19 whereby
the communication from the chamber 19 to each of the radiator units
14 is of short length.
The boiler 15 may be of any suitable form with a heater 23 arranged
in a lower portion thereof to heat the liquid in the chamber 19.
The heater 23 is preferably an electric immersion type heating
element mounted on a bottom wall 24 of the boiler 15 in sealed
relation thereto with electrical conductors extending therefrom in
an insulated conductor member 25 to a connector or plug 26 adapted
to be connected through a conductor 27 to the thermostat or heat
responsive device 13 which functions in a conventional manner to
interrupt the circuit except when heat is needed.
In the illustrated structure, the boiler 15 is generally
cylindrical and the bottom wall 24 of the boiler 15 is suitably
secured, as by a threaded connection 28 to an outer sidewall 29 of
the boiler 15 to form a sealed structure whereby when the electric
circuit to the heater 23 is completed and the temperature is such
that the thermostat 13 calls for heat, the heating element is
energized.
The illustrated boiler 15 includes the inner steam chamber 19
formed by a sidewall 30 spaced inwardly from the boiler chamber
wall 29 to thereby define an outer or liquid receiving chamber 31.
The top wall 32 closes the upper end of the inner steam chamber 19
adjacent a top wall 33 of the boiler 15. Steam discharge pipes 34
communicate with the upper portion of the inner steam chamber 19
and extend outwardly therefrom into the pipes 16. The lower portion
of the sidewall 30 has openings 35 for movement of liquid from the
liquid chamber 31 to the steam chamber 19. When the heating element
is energized, the liquid in the bottom of the steam chamber 19 is
heated to boil and the vapors rise in the steam chamber and enter
one end of the steam discharging pipe 34 within each of the tubular
flow members or pipes 16.
Each of the steam discharging pipes 34 has a plurality of apertures
or orifices 36 longitudinally spaced along the length thereof. The
orifices 36 are preferably at the sides of the pipes to reduce
possibility of liquid droplets forming therein. The other end of
each of the steam discharging pipes 34 is closed, as by a suitable
fitting or cap 37, whereby the steam is directed outwardly through
the apertures or orifices 36 and into the tubular flow members or
pipes 16 whereby the vapors will heat the radiator units 14 and the
heat will be dissipated through the fins 17 into the air passing
through the cabinet 2. The finned pipes 16 are inclined upwardly
from the boiler 15 in the nature of one-eighth inch to
three-eighths inch per foot whereby any liquids forming therein
drains back to the outer chamber 31 of the boiler 15.
The vapors in the radiator units 14 at the ends 20 thereof flow
upwardly into the condenser 22. The condensate chamber of the
condenser 22 is preferably in the form of a tank of high heat
conductive materials, such as copper, whereby air passing in
contact with side, bottom, and top walls 38, 39 and 40 respectively
on the condenser 22 cools same. The condenser chamber is of
substantial size, as for example 20 to 30 cubic inches per foot of
radiator length to insure condensing of the vapors and no back
pressure. In the structure illustrated, the vapor connections from
the radiator units 14 are at opposite ends 41 of the elongated
condenser tank 22. The condenser tank has the bottom wall 39
thereof formed to have a high point 42 at the center thereof and
the bottom wall 39 slopes downwardly from the high point 42 toward
each end of the tank 22 and the flow pipes or conduits 21 whereby
vapor within the tank 22 will condense therein and flow through the
respective pipes 21 and 16 and into the boiler 15 for flow down
between the outer wall 29 and the wall 30 of the steam chamber 19
to collect in the lower portion of the boiler chamber 19. The
quantity of liquid in the system is such that the openings 35 in
the lower end of the steam chamber wall 30 is covered by a quantity
of liquid in the chamber 19 to form a vapor block.
It is necessary to insulate the condenser 22 from the radiator
units 14 to maintain the condenser 22 at or below a temperature at
which the vapors will condense therein to thereby permit the vapors
from the flow members or pipes 16 to condense and return to the
boiler 15, therefore, suitable insulating material 43 is mounted on
at least a lower surface or bottom wall 39 of the condenser 22.
The liquid used in the closed system preferably has boiling point
above that of water and it has been found that a suitable liquid is
a mixture of water and a glycol antifreeze, as for example, a
mixture having substantially 40 percent water and 60 percent glycol
antifreeze, such as "Prestone," and a suitable wetting agent or
sunfactant. This mixture also has the advantage of having a low
freezing point so that the heater may be safely left unheated
without emptying in cold weather. While the heater may vary in
size, it is preferred to use a heater having a capacity of
approximately 80 watts per foot of length of radiator and a
convenient length is approximately 7 feet of radiator with a
condenser size of 7 feet in length and approximately 175 cubic
inches. Examples of size of the steam discharging pipes 34 are
three-eighths inch in diameter and the tubular flow members or
pipes 16 are three-fourths inches in diameter.
In operation, the heat from the radiator units 14 heats the air
causing same to rise and pass through the openings or passages 11
in the cabinet 2. This causes cold air from the floor area in the
room to move through the passages 10 into contact with the fins 17
of the radiator units 14 to be thereby heated. The condenser 22 is
protected by the insulating material 43 and remains cool or at a
temperature below which the vapors will condense to liquid which
will flow back into the boiler 15 through the pipes 16 and the
outer chamber 31. This arrangement provides a flameless heating
system with a high degree of safety and convenience, which also is
mobile whereby it can be suitably arranged where heat is
desired.
It is to be understood that while I have illustrated and described
one form of my invention it is not to be limited to the specific
form or arrangement of parts herein described and shown.
* * * * *