U.S. patent number 3,640,388 [Application Number 05/065,540] was granted by the patent office on 1972-02-08 for dialyzing liquid-collecting container.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Damon Corporation. Invention is credited to Andres Ferrari.
United States Patent |
3,640,388 |
Ferrari |
February 8, 1972 |
DIALYZING LIQUID-COLLECTING CONTAINER
Abstract
A liquid container, pumpable to aspirate liquid into it via an
inlet passage, has a dialyzing membrane forming first and second
compartments within the container on either side of the membrane.
The inlet passage feeds into only one of the two compartments and
that one compartment, at least, includes pumpable walls of the
container.
Inventors: |
Ferrari; Andres (Dover,
MA) |
Assignee: |
Damon Corporation (Needham
Heights, MA)
|
Family
ID: |
26745706 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/065,540 |
Filed: |
August 20, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
210/94; D24/108;
73/864.91; 600/584; D24/216; 210/321.84 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61B
5/150099 (20130101); A61B 5/150251 (20130101); A61B
5/150259 (20130101); A61J 1/05 (20130101); B01D
61/28 (20130101); A61B 5/150343 (20130101); A61B
5/150274 (20130101); A61B 5/150755 (20130101); A61B
5/150022 (20130101); A61B 5/150946 (20130101); A61B
5/150786 (20130101); A61J 1/12 (20130101); A61B
5/154 (20130101); A61B 5/150229 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61J
1/00 (20060101); A61B 5/15 (20060101); G01N
33/487 (20060101); A61J 1/14 (20060101); B01d
031/00 (); A61b 005/10 () |
Field of
Search: |
;210/94,22,321
;128/2R,2F,214R,DIG.5 ;23/258.5 ;73/425.6 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Truluck; Dalton L.
Claims
Having described the invention, what is claimed as new and secured
by Letters Patent is:
1. Liquid container apparatus comprising
A. liquid-impervious wall means forming a chamber with at least a
collapsible and resiliently restoring externally accessible wall
portion,
B. a dialyzing membrane within said chamber dividing the chamber
interior into at least first and second compartments arranged with
said collapsible wall portion forming at least part of the wall of
said first chamber, and
C. inlet tubing means feeding into only said first of said first
and second compartments, and said first compartment being closed
except for said inlet tubing means and the porosity of said
membrane.
2. Container apparatus as defined in claim 1 in which
A. said wall means forms said chamber with at least two opposed
collapsible and resiliently restoring externally accessible wall
portions, and
B. said dialyzing membrane is disposed in said chamber between said
two opposed wall portions such that each wall portion forms a
portion of a different one of said first and second
compartments.
3. Container apparatus as defined in claim 1 in which said chamber
extends along a first axis and said inlet tubing means feeds into
said first compartment adjacent an extreme end thereof along said
first axis.
4. A container for the collection, storage and dialysis of a
liquid, said container comprising
A. a tubelike collection passage having first and second ends and a
first storage volume therein between said ends,
B. a first chamber compartment connected with said first end of
said passage to receive liquid therefrom, said first compartment
resiliently maintaining a normal uncollapsed shape and being
resiliently collapsible to expel fluid therefrom by way of said
passage and resiliently recovering said normal uncollapsed shape
when said second end of said passage is open to aspirate fluid
thereinto,
C. a semipermeable dialysis membrane forming part of the wall of
said first chamber compartment, and
D. a second chamber compartment contiguous with said first
compartment and having said semipermeable dialysis membrane forming
also a portion thereof for the passage of dialyzate between said
first and second compartments through said membrane, and forming
with said first compartment an enclosure normally fluidtight except
for the entry of said passage into said first compartment.
5. A container as defined in claim 4 in which said first chamber
compartment is sufficiently large and sufficiently resiliently
collapsible to diminish the storage volume thereof by at least
twice said first storage volume.
6. A container as defined in claim 5 further comprising a
volume-indicating scale arranged along said passage for indicating
the volume of liquid in said passage measuring from said second end
thereof.
7. A container for the collection, storage and dialysis of liquid,
said container comprising
A. a manually holdable body casing sufficiently rigid to be
self-supporting,
B. means forming a tubular passage on said casing with an openly
accessible inlet end, an outlet end, and a storage length
therebetween,
C. means forming on said casing a pouchlike chamber
(1) having at least first and second compartments therein separated
by a semipermeable dialysis membrane having a peripheral portion
sealed to the walls of said chamber, and with said first
compartment connected with said outlet end of said passage to
provide fluid communication from the interior of said first
compartment through said passage to the said inlet end thereof,
and
(2) having a resilient wall forming at least part of said first
compartment and collapsible to diminish the volume of said first
compartment and resiliently resuming a normal uncollapsed
position.
8. A container as defined in claim 7 further comprising means
forming a record panel on said casing for bearing readable
indicia.
9. A container as defined in claim 7 further comprising a reagent
liquid disposed in said chamber compartments.
Description
BACKGROUND
This invention relates to a container for use in the collection and
storage of liquids that are to be subjected to chemical analysis or
other processing that includes dialysis. More particularly, the
invention provides a collection and storage container pumpable to
aspirate liquid into it and which feeds the aspirated liquid into a
compartment separated from another compartment by a semipermeable
membrane.
This invention is particularly suited for use in a clinical sample
container as described in the copending Pat. application Ser. No.
884,924, filed Dec. 15, 1969 and assigned to the assignee hereof.
Accordingly, the invention is here described in that context,
although it is not limited to such a construction or use.
The chemical analysis of dialysis fractions, i.e., of the
crystalline and/or amorphous constituents of liquid samples, such
as of blood, has conventionally required that the dialysis be
performed with equipment separate from the container in which the
sample is collected or stored. Further, the samples typically are
dialyzed only at the time of the chemical analysis and with
equipment separate from that used for the analysis.
These prior practices are costly in terms of equipment and time.
Further, the repeated handling of the samples and repeated transfer
of the samples from one container to another subjects the samples
to leakage, spillage and contamination.
Also, prior dialyzing containers, such as the one disclosed in U.S.
Pat. No. 3,485,751 of Herrmann and Spadoni, are not capable of
aspirating the liquid into a compartment out of which the
crystalline constituents are to diffuse for collection in a further
compartment.
Accordingly, an object of this invention is to provide portable
container equipment for the collection of liquid samples, such as
of animal body fluid, and for the removal of crystalline portions
thereof into a separate compartment commencing immediately upon
collection of the sample.
Another object of the invention is to provide container equipment
of the above character that aspiratively collects the liquid
sample.
Other objects of the invention will in part be obvious and will in
part appear hereinafter.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the invention, a pumpable liquid container
normally closed except for an inlet tubing or other passage is
provided with a dialyzing membrane that forms two compartments on
either side thereof within the container. The inlet to the
container feeds into only one of these two compartments. Also, the
other walls of this one compartment include, at least in part, the
pumpable walls of the container.
With this construction, the container walls are readily collapsed
and released to aspirate liquid into the one compartment, and
crystalline constituents of the collected liquid diffuse into the
other compartment. Thus, shortly after a liquid is collected in
this container, a portion of the crystalline constituents thereof
are available for analysis or other processing separate from the
noncrystalline or amorphous constituents of the liquid.
Further, the container is readily constructed so that the liquid
portions in each compartment can be delivered directly from the
container to analysis equipment.
Notwithstanding the seemingly simple construction of the new sample
and specimen container, its use greatly simplifies the collection,
transportation, storage and preparation of a liquid for analysis or
other processing. The capability for in situ dialysis in the new
container preserves the sample purity and saves time and
equipment.
The invention accordingly comprises the features of construction,
combination of elements, and arrangement of parts exemplified in
the construction hereinafter set forth, and the scope of the
invention is indicated in the claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
For a fuller understanding of the nature and objects of the
invention, reference should be had to the following description
taken in connection with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a pictorial view, partly broken away, of a container
embodying the invention disposed for collecting a blood sample from
a dermal puncture in a finger; and
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the container of FIG. 1 taken
along line 2--2 thereof.
DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATED EMBODIMENT
With reference to the drawings, a container 10 constructed in
accordance with the aforementioned application Ser. No. 884,924 and
further embodying the invention has a graduated passage 12 feeding
from an input opening 14 into a donor compartment 16 of a
collapsible chamber 18. A dialyzing membrane 20 forms the donor
compartment 16 within the chamber alongside a recipient compartment
22 on the other side of the membrane. The two compartments are
sealed from each other except for the porosity of the membrane
20.
A liquid reagent 28 for preserving and/or diluting the sample can
be placed in the chamber 18 prior to the collection of the sample.
Also, as described in the above-noted copending application, a
record panel 30 bearing identification of the sample being
collected and other pertinent information can be provided on the
container to extend along the side of the chamber 18 and serves,
together with the coiled collection passage 12 and the chamber 18,
as a handle for the secure holding of the container during the
sample collection process.
The opposed chamber walls 24 and 26 are shown in FIG. 1 slightly
collapsed into the chamber, as the medical technician or other
operator normally would do during the sample-collecting process
simply by squeezing the walls together prior to placing the input
opening 14 into the liquid being collected. Upon being released,
the resiliency of the chamber walls 24-26 restores the chamber to
an uncollapsed condition and thereby draws the liquid into the
passage 12 under positive pressure conditions. The operator
controls the expansion of the chamber walls until he has collected
the desired volume of sample in the passage 12, at which point he
simply removes the input opening 14 from the liquid source and
fully releases the chamber walls. This allows them to resume their
normal uncollapsed condition shown in FIG. 2 and thereby to
aspirate the collected sample from the passage 12 into the donor
compartment 16 of the chamber. After the desired volume of sample
is collected in this manner, the passage 12 can be sealed closed,
either at the opening 14 or along the length thereof, in a
conventional manner.
As soon as the sample enters the donor compartment 16, crystalline
constituents of it commence to diffuse through the membrane 20 to
the recipient compartment 22. After a relatively brief time,
typically between one-half hour and a few hours, depending on
factors such as the membrane porosity, the amount of container
agitation and the nature of the dialyte, the dialysis is complete.
During this time the filled container 10 can simply be stored or
can be transported to a laboratory for the analysis or other
processing of the sample.
The fluid in each compartment can be withdrawn by way of a needle
puncturing the outer wall of 24 or 26 of the compartment of
interest. Alternatively, the container can be cut open, as along
the dashed line 32, or otherwise, to expose the compartment
contents. As a further alternative, the chamber 18 can be provided
with one or more initially sealed outlet tubes leading from each
compartment.
The chamber 18 is thus seen to be a pouchlike vessel with opposed
resiliently collapsible sidewalls 24 and 26. The passage 12 feeds
into the container adjacent a top end thereof and the principal
volume of the chamber is below this entry point when the container
is in the normal upright orientation. This is normally the
orientation in which the container is held during the collection of
the sample, and is shown in FIG. 1 for the illustrated container,
which has the passage entry 14 at the container bottom. Further,
the illustrated chamber is fluidtight except for the entry of the
passage 12 into it.
The chamber volume is tailored to the maximum volume of sample
which is to be collected. To aspirate this volume of sample first
into the graduated passage 12 and then into the donor compartment,
the chamber should have a donor compartment with a volume, in
excess of the volume of reagent 28 therein, that is at least two
and preferably three or more times larger than the volume of sample
to be collected. And as noted, the opposed chamber walls 24, 26 can
be depressed inward to reduce the volume of the donor compartment
16 by at least twice the volume of the graduated passage 12. Upon
being released, the container walls restore automatically to their
normal concave shape, FIG. 2, with sufficient resilient force to
aspirate the sample liquid into the passage 12 and then into the
donor compartment 16.
The illustrated container 10 is constructed as a laminate of two
casing panels 34 and 36. Panel 34, which includes the chamber wall
24, is recessed with a channel that forms walls of the passage 12.
The other panel 36 is basically identical to the panel 24 except
that it has no channel. Instead panel 36 has a flat surface
opposite the passage-forming channel of panel 34 and which closes
the channel to form the passage 12. Also the casing panel 36
includes the chamber wall 26. The record panel 30 of the
illustrated container is provided entirely by the casing panel
36.
The two casing panels 34 and 36 are bonded together as shown, with
the dialyzing membrane 20 sealed between their mating faces
continuously along the juncture of the chamber wall 26 with the
adjoining portions of the casing panel 36. The membrane 20 thus
divides the bulbous space between the walls 24 and 26 into the two
compartments 16 and 22, and the passage 12 feeds only into the
donor compartment 16. The casing panels 34 and 36 can, by way of
example, be made of polyethylene. The chamber wall portions thereof
can be thinner than the other portions thereof as illustrated, to
provide the desired flexible resiliency for these walls. Also, the
casing panel 36 can have a different thickness along the record
panel 30 than along the nonchamber wall portions; it is illustrated
as forming a thinner record panel. In the illustrated container 10,
the two casings together have sufficient overall rigidity so that
the container normally maintains the overall upright shape as
shown.
Further by way of illustration, the dialyzing membrane can be made
of conventional material for semipermeable membranes such as
regenerated cellulose, nitrocellulose or radiation-drilled plastic.
A typical membrane 20 has a thickness of 0.0005 to 0.0009 inch and
has pores between 40 and 60 angstroms in diameter.
The foregoing dimensions for the semipermeable membrane and
illustrated construction for the container are for collecting blood
and separating the protein-free filtrate from the proteinatious
constituents. However, the invention can be used to provide other
separations of micromolecular constituents from a mixture with
larger, macromolecular constituents. In each instance, of course,
the semipermeable membrane 20 is selected with pores of the
diameter corresponding to the desired separation of molecule
sizes.
It will thus be seen that the objects set forth above, among those
made apparent from the preceding description, are efficiently
attained. The invention provides a pumpable liquid-aspirating
container having two compartments therein separated by a dialyzing
membrane such that the liquid is aspirated into one compartment
only and that crystalline constituents thereof diffuse into the
other compartment. The container is thus well adapted for the
initial collection of a liquid sample, for storing the sample as
long as needed and throughout whatever transportation is involved.
After the storage time, a portion of the crystalline constituents
of the sample are available to be withdrawn from the container free
from the amorphous constituents.
One alternative construction for the container 10 is that the wall
26, which together with the membrane 20 forms the recipient chamber
22, be stiff relative to the opposed wall 24. With such a stiff
wall 26, when the two walls are squeezed together for aspirating a
sample, the wall 26 will collapse only slightly, if at all. The
opposed wall 24 of the donor compartment, however, will collapse as
desired. It should hence be understood that only the donor
compartment 16 needs to be pumpable for aspirating a sample.
Inasmuch as other changes may be made in the above construction
without departing from the scope of the invention, all matter
contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying
drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting
sense. It is also to be understood that the following claims are
intended to cover all of the generic and specific features of the
invention herein described, and all statements of the scope of the
invention which, as a matter of language, might be said to fall
therebetween.
* * * * *