U.S. patent number 3,640,087 [Application Number 05/035,611] was granted by the patent office on 1972-02-08 for frost-anticipating bimetal control for an air conditioner.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Whirlpool Corporation. Invention is credited to Charles D. Esche, Bobby G. Harrison.
United States Patent |
3,640,087 |
Harrison , et al. |
February 8, 1972 |
FROST-ANTICIPATING BIMETAL CONTROL FOR AN AIR CONDITIONER
Abstract
An air conditioner for cooling room air having a separate
electrical apparatus compartment within the air conditioner housing
completely enclosing a temperature responsive device such as a
bimetal thermostat element within the compartment. Means are
provided for establishing a subsidiary flow path for room air over
the thermostat and separate from the main room airstream that is
directed over the air conditioner evaporator. The subsidiary
airstream is directed through the electrical apparatus compartment
in heat exchange relation with the temperature-responsive device
and then to the exterior of the room rather than being returned to
the room. In a preferred embodiment an end portion of the
evaporator is arranged in the subsidiary air flow path in heat
exchange relationship with the subsidiary airstream so as to effect
the temperature of this air. Frost buildup on the air conditioner
evaporator is anticipated by a lowering evaporator temperature
which is reflected at the unit thermostat as a result of room air
passing over the end portion of the evaporator in its passage to
the thermostat.
Inventors: |
Harrison; Bobby G. (Evansville,
IN), Esche; Charles D. (Newburgh, IN) |
Assignee: |
Whirlpool Corporation
(N/A)
|
Family
ID: |
21883735 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/035,611 |
Filed: |
May 8, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
62/227;
62/262 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F24F
11/30 (20180101) |
Current International
Class: |
F24F
11/08 (20060101); F25b 001/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;62/227,262,180,186,215 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Perlin; Meyer
Claims
Having described the invention, the embodiments of the invention in
which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as
follows:
1. In an air conditioner for cooling room air passing therethrough
including a housing having a first chamber therein communicating
with said room air and a second chamber communicating with air on
the exterior of the room, a refrigeration unit comprising an
evaporator in said first chamber and a refrigerant condenser in
said second chamber, and means for circulating room air in a main
stream from the room, in heat exchange relationship with said
evaporator, and back to the room, the improvement comprising: means
defining a compartment in said housing; a temperature responsive
device in said compartment for controlling operation of said
refrigeration unit; and means for establishing a subsidiary stream
of room air through said compartment in heat exchange relation with
said temperature-responsive device and then to said exterior.
2. The air conditioner of claim 1 wherein said subsidiary airstream
is in heat exchange relationship with a portion of said evaporator
for cooling said subsidiary air stream prior to heat exchange
relationship with said temperature responsive device.
3. The air conditioner of claim 1 wherein said
temperature-responsive device comprises a bimetal thermostat in
said compartment contacted by said subsidiary airstream.
4. The air conditioner of claim 1 wherein said compartment
comprises an enclosure within said second chamber having inlet
means and outlet means for passage of said subsidiary stream of
air.
5. An air conditioner for cooling room air passing therethrough,
comprising: a housing having a first chamber therein communicating
with said room air and a second chamber communicating with air on
the exterior of the room; a refrigeration unit comprising an
evaporator in said first chamber and a refrigerant condenser in
said second chamber; a compartment in said housing; a
temperature-responsive device in said compartment for controlling
operation of said unit; means for establishing a subsidiary stream
of room air through said compartment in heat exchange relation with
said temperature-responsive device and then to said exterior; a
condenser blower having an inlet in said second chamber positioned
to force exterior air over said condenser and exhaust to the
exterior; and means for exposing said subsidiary airstream to said
condenser blower inlet for said establishing of said subsidiary
airstream.
6. An air conditioner for cooling room air passing therethrough,
comprising: a housing having a first chamber therein communicating
with said room air and second chamber communicating with air on the
exterior of the room; a refrigeration unit comprising an evaporator
in said first chamber and a refrigerant condenser in said second
chamber; a compartment in said housing; a temperature-responsive
device in said compartment for controlling operation of said unit;
and means for establishing a subsidiary stream of room air through
said compartment in heat exchange relation with said
temperature-responsive device and then to said exterior, said
compartment being in heat exchange relationship with a portion of
said evaporator for cooling said subsidiary airstream, and said
evaporator comprising a plurality of tubular coils, portions of
which extend adjacent said compartment to be contacted by the
subsidiary airstream thereat.
7. An air conditioner for cooling room air passing therethrough,
comprising: a housing having a first chamber therein communicating
with said room air and a second chamber communicating with air on
the exterior of the room; a refrigeration unit comprising an
evaporator in said first chamber and a refrigerant condenser in
said second chamber; a compartment in said housing; a
temperature-responsive device in said compartment for controlling
operation of said unit; means for establishing a subsidiary stream
of room air through said compartment in heat exchange relation with
said temperature-responsive device and then to said exterior; means
for establishing a principal airstream from said room, through said
evaporator first chamber and back to the room, said principal
airstream being separate from said compartment subsidiary
airstream, and said temperature-responsive device comprising a
bimetal thermostat in said compartment contacted by said subsidiary
airstream; a condenser blower having an inlet in said second
chamber positioned to force exterior air over said condenser and
exhaust to the interior; and means for exposing said subsidiary
airstream to said condenser blower inlet for said establishing of
said subsidiary airstream.
8. The air conditioner of claim 7 wherein said evaporator comprises
a plurality of tubular coils, portions of which extend adjacent
said compartment to be contacted by the subsidiary airstream
thereat.
9. An air conditioner for cooling room air passing therethrough,
comprising: a housing having a first chamber therein communicating
with said room air and a second chamber communicating with air on
the exterior of the room; a refrigeration unit comprising an
evaporator in said first chamber and a refrigerant condenser in
said second chamber; a compartment in said housing; a
temperature-responsive device in said compartment for controlling
operation of said unit; and means for establishing a subsidiary
stream of room air through said compartment in heat exchange
relation with a portion of said evaporator and subsequently with
said temperature-responsive device.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In air conditioners for cooling room air particularly of the small
self-contained type such as are widely positioned in windows or in
specially prepared openings in apartment walls the operation of the
conditioner is customarily controlled by an adjustable
temperature-responsive device. The temperature-responsive portion
of the device is normally positioned in the room airstream before
this stream is directed through the evaporator as by a motorized
blower. Because of this location of the temperature-responsive
portion it is readily accessible to the user especially when he is
cleaning or replacing the customary air conditioner air filter.
Because of this ready accessibility it is customary that the
temperature-responsive portion be a fluid expansion bulb or similar
device that does not carry electric current in order that the
conditioner will be safe for the ordinary user. This type of
temperature control with the remote temperature-sensing fluid
expansion bulbs or the like is relatively expensive relative to a
simple bimetal thermostat. However, heretofore it was felt that
such a bimetal could not be used because it is current carrying and
therefore could cause electrical shock to the user coming in
contact with it.
Various attempts have been made to solve this problem and these
attempts have usually been to locate the bimetal temperature sensor
in a remote protected area so as to avoid accidental contact by the
user. Then room air is directed over the bimetal in this remote
area. This has not been very successful, however, because it is
difficult to achieve sufficient airflow to accurately reflect room
temperature and this does not solve the problems caused by
evaporator icing during use of the air conditioner particularly
under high humidity conditions.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In the present invention the temperature-responsive portion of the
thermostat which in a specific embodiment is a current-carrying
bimetal thermostat is located in a separate compartment in the air
conditioner housing and passages are provided to and from the
interior of the compartment where the bimetal is located so that
the compartment protects the temperature-responsive bimetal from
accidental contact. Means are provided for establishing a
subsidiary stream of room air separate from the main room airstream
normally directed through the evaporator and flowing this
subsidiary stream through the compartment in heat exchange relation
with the temperature-responsive device. After leaving the
compartment the subsidiary airstream is directed to the exterior of
the room rather than back into the room itself. In a preferred
embodiment this subsidiary airstream is directed by flow means in
contact with a portion of the evaporator so as to be effected by
the temperature thereof before flowing over the temperature
responsive device in the compartment.
THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an air conditioner of the room type
embodying the invention but with the rear enclosing casing
omitted.
FIG. 2 is a plan view of the air conditioner of FIG. 1 with the
principal streams of airflow that are important to this invention
illustrated by arrows.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary perspective view partially broken
away for clarity of illustration and looking from the interior of
the conditioner toward the front wall thereof.
DESCRIPTION OF THE ILLUSTRATED EMBODIMENT
The air conditioner 10 shown in the accompanying drawings includes
a supporting base 11, a vertical wall 13 defining a first chamber
14 containing a refrigerant evaporator 15 and a second chamber 16
containing a refrigerant condenser 17. As is customary, the
refrigeration unit in addition to the evaporator and condenser
contains a motor driven compressor 18 supported on a base 19.
As is customary in air conditioners of this type room air is
withdrawn from the room and forced back into the room over the
evaporator 15 for chilling by a blower 20. Air from the exterior of
the room is drawn into the housing 12 and exhausted back to the
exterior by a second blower 21 as indicated by the airflow arrows
22. This airflow 22 serves to cool the refrigerant flowing through
the condenser 17 and thus dissipate the heat extracted from the
room air in the evaporator 15. Both blowers 20 and 21 are driven by
a single electric motor 23 as is customary.
In order to cycle the compressor 18 on and off as required by the
temperature of the room air there is provided a bimetal thermostat
24 that can be set to a desired temperature control condition in a
customary manner as by a control knob 25. This thermostat
constitutes a temperature-responsive device and is located in its
own compartment 26 which in the illustrated embodiment is at one
end of the evaporator 15 and immediately behind the front panel 27
of the air conditioner.
In order to detect the temperature of the room air for controlling
the operation of the compressor 18 and thus of the refrigeration
unit, there is provided means for establishing a subsidiary stream
of room air indicated by the arrows 28 through the compartment and
in contact with the bimetal 24.
In the illustrated embodiment this subsidiary room airstream 28
flows from the room through a front vertical airflow metering slot
29 in the front panel 27 into an entranceway 30 that leads to the
compartment 26. This entranceway is defined by the front panel 27
and a rearwardly extending wall 31 which is positioned adjacent but
spaced from the one end tubular return bends 32 of the evaporator
coil 15.
As can be seen from both FIGS. 2 and 3 the compartment 26 which is
a separate enclosure has an entrance opening 33 into which the
subsidiary airstream 28 flows and an exit 34 on the bottom of the
compartment 26 through which this air exhausts after contacting the
bimetal elements 24. This exhaust air is directed by the opening 34
into the front of the condenser chamber 16 and the air is then
exhausted to the exterior by being drawn by the suction in this
second chamber created by the condenser fan 21. Thus the airflow 28
is as indicated because the air pressure within the condenser
chamber 16 is lower than that in the room with the result that the
subsidiary airstream is not returned to the room but exhausted
therefrom by way of the condenser 17. Because a low pressure is
also created in the evaporator chamber 14 by the evaporator fan 20
it is necessary to isolate both the compartment 26 and the
entranceway 30 from the evaporator chamber. If there is any
substantial amount of air leakage the airflow across the bimetal
would be in a reverse direction and would therefore indicate a
false temperature condition that would not reflect room
temperature.
In order that the bimetal element 24 will anticipate cold
evaporator temperatures the subsidiary airstream 28 is directed in
contact with an end portion of the evaporator 15. In the
illustrated embodiment this is accomplished by having the
evaporator return bends 32 of evaporator tubes 36 located in the
entranceway 30 between the metering slot 29 and the circular
entrance opening 33 to the bimetal containing compartment 26. As
the subsidiary room airstream 28 contacts the return bends 35 of
the evaporator the air is immediately chilled and it is in this
chilled condition when it enters the compartment 26. In the event
the evaporator 15 begins to clog due to frost buildup the airflow
through the evaporator set up by the blower 20 decreases because of
the resistance to airflow by the accumulating frost. The evaporator
tubes 36 themselves immediately become colder which of course also
makes the return bends 32 colder. Because of this the temperature
of the subsidiary airstream 28 is reduced before it contacts the
bimetal thermostat element 24. When the temperature of the air
reaches the preselected point the thermostat switch opens
deenergizing the compressor 18 and stopping the refrigeration.
However, as is customary, the fan motor 23 continues to operate and
as the room air is relatively warmer than the evaporator the frost
buildup is melted and the evaporator warmed. Then, as the
subsidiary airstream 28 becomes warmer due to the reduced
refrigerating effect of return bends 32 the thermostat again closes
to resume refrigeration.
The airflow metering slot 29 is used to provide sufficient
subsidiary room air so that the cooling effect of the evaporator
return bends 32 will neither be too great nor insufficient in view
of the much greater volume of room air that is directed through and
over the evaporator 15. The size of this slot varies with the
different sizes of air conditioners and thus the cooling effect
achieved. The size of the metering slot 29 will also be affected by
the degree of pressure differential between the room air within the
first chamber or the cold side and the air in the warm side of the
wall 13 or within the second chamber 16. In a specific example for
a room air conditioner with a 5,000 BTUH cooling capacity the
metering slot 29 was 7.75 inches long and 0.125 inch wide.
* * * * *