U.S. patent number 3,638,941 [Application Number 04/856,378] was granted by the patent office on 1972-02-01 for physical exercise apparatus with user-actuated arm which is movable against a variable bias.
Invention is credited to Franz Kulkens.
United States Patent |
3,638,941 |
Kulkens |
February 1, 1972 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
PHYSICAL EXERCISE APPARATUS WITH USER-ACTUATED ARM WHICH IS MOVABLE
AGAINST A VARIABLE BIAS
Abstract
A stationary frame carries one or more actuating members which
are forcibly movable with reference to the frame from a normal
inactive position to a plurality of active positions in response to
the application of requisite force upon an engagement portion
provided. Springs are associated with the members and oppose their
movement to active positions. Adjusting arrangements permit the
opposing force offered by the springs to be varied.
Inventors: |
Kulkens; Franz (4962
Obernkichen, DT) |
Family
ID: |
25946022 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/856,378 |
Filed: |
September 9, 1969 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
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Sep 10, 1968 [DT] |
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G 67 50 684 |
Apr 5, 1969 [DT] |
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G 69 13 329.5 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
482/113;
482/130 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A63B
21/154 (20130101); A63B 21/023 (20130101); A63B
21/04 (20130101); A63B 21/00072 (20130101); A63B
21/4035 (20151001); A63B 21/4047 (20151001); A63B
23/03525 (20130101); A63B 2208/0242 (20130101); A63B
21/055 (20130101); A63B 21/0421 (20130101); A63B
21/0428 (20130101); A63B 21/00069 (20130101); A63B
71/0622 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A63B
21/02 (20060101); A63B 21/04 (20060101); A63B
21/055 (20060101); A63b 021/02 (); A63b
021/10 () |
Field of
Search: |
;272/80,57B,82,79,80,81,83,68 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Pinkham; Richard C.
Assistant Examiner: Dror; Richard
Claims
I claim:
1. A physical exercise apparatus, comprising a stationary frame; at
least one elongate actuating lever having two spaced end portions
and an arcuate intermediate portion curved to one side of the
elongation of said lever; connecting means connecting one of said
end portions to said frame for pivotal movement of said lever
relative thereto; a plurality of recesses provided in and spaced
longitudinally of said arcuate intermediate portion spaced
longitudinally of said arcuate intermediate portion of said lever
at said one side; an engaging bracket supported on said lever at
said one side; movable longitudinally of said lever and being
engageable with respective ones of said recesses; and expansion
spring means connected intermediate the other side of said lever
and said frame with the latter and said bracket, respectively, for
opposing pivotal movement of said lever towards said one side with
a force whose magnitude varies in dependence upon the engagement of
said bracket with a respective recess and the pretension thereby
selected for said spring means.
2. An apparatus as defined in claim 1, said spring means being a
mechanical expansion spring having opposite ends connected with
said frame and said bracket, respectively.
3. An apparatus as defined in claim 1, said spring means comprising
fluid spring means.
4. An apparatus as defined in claim 3, wherein said fluid spring
means comprises a hydraulic cylinder and piston unit.
5. An apparatus as defined in claim 3, wherein said fluid spring
means comprises a pneumatic cylinder and piston unit.
6. An apparatus as defined in claim 3, wherein said fluid spring
means comprises a cylinder member and a fluid-operable piston
member slidably received in said cylinder member; and further
comprising throttling means for throttling the flow of fluid during
relative movement of said piston and cylinder members.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to physical exercise apparatus,
particularly of the type used by athletes for training
purposes.
Exercise apparatus of this general type is of course already known.
It comprises a stationary frame which can be set up at a desired
location, and in or on this frame the actuating elements are
mounted which are to be moved by the user, hereafter for the sake
of convenience designated as "the athlete." The latter stands,
sits, lies or otherwise disposes himself exteriorly of the frame
and displaces the actuating element or elements in well known
manner, for instance by gripping them and exerting pull. The
counterforce is supplied in the known apparatuses of this type by
weights which are suspended in the frame and connected via ropes or
the like with the actuating elements which may be levers or may be
of other construction. In the case of levers, the weights may also
be directly mounted on the levers themselves.
In any case, these known apparatuses have certain disadvantages.
Firstly, the weights are of course constantly connected with the
actuating elements when the apparatus is in use which means that
during this time at least they must be supported by the frame. This
constant loading of the frame evidently either results in
damage--as by bending or twisting--to the frame and/or the
actuating elements, or it necessitates that the frame and/or the
actuating elements be given such strength as to be able to
withstand such damage. In the latter case the construction of the
frame and/or actuating elements is evidently more expensive than
would otherwise be necessary. A further disadvantage is the fact
that a change in the counterforce can be effected only by adding or
removing weights, which is clearly not only time consuming but also
a potential source of accidents. Aside from this, it is necessary
to maintain a large number of different weights available at all
times in order to assure that the apparatus can be used to its
fullest potential. Finally, there is the fact that such prior art
apparatus utilizing weights to supply the counterforce is
inevitably very noisy, a factor which can become highly
objectionable, particularly during prolonged training periods.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is, accordingly, an object of the present invention to overcome
the aforementioned disadvantages.
More particularly it is an object of the present invention to
provide a physical exercise apparatus of the general type mentioned
before which is not possessed of these drawbacks.
An additional object of the invention is to provide such a physical
exercise apparatus which dispenses entirely with the need to use
weights to produce the requisite counterforces.
A concomitant object of the present invention is to provide such an
exercise apparatus which is much less noisy during operation than
the apparatuses known from the prior art.
Still a further object of the invention is to provide such an
apparatus which, because of the elimination of weights, does not
present an accident hazard resulting from the presence of such
weights.
Yet a further object of the invention is to provide such an
apparatus wherein the frame and/or actuating element are not
subjected to the load of weights.
Still another object of the invention is to provide such an
apparatus wherein the counterforce opposed to the force applied by
an athlete using the apparatus can be readily varied at the will of
the user.
Yet an additional object of the invention is to provide such an
apparatus wherein the athlete has the option of performing his
training movements rapidly for dynamic training, as well as
performing them slowly for an almost static training reminiscent of
isometric exercises.
A final object of the invention is to provide such an apparatus
wherein a plurality of different training stations can readily be
accommodated on one and the same frame.
In pursuance of the above objects, and others which will become
apparent hereafter, one feature of the invention resides in the
provision of a physical exercise apparatus which, briefly stated,
comprises a stationary frame and an actuating element having an
engaging portion for engagement by a user. The actuating element is
forcibly movable with reference to the frame from a normal inactive
position to a plurality of active positions in response to the
application of requisite force to the engaging portion. Opposing
means is connected with the frame and the element and serves to
oppose movement of the element to respective ones of the active
positions with a counterforce whose magnitude is a function of the
force applied to the engaging portion of the actuating element.
In certain instances, for example if the operation of the actuating
element by a user simulates pushing or throwing movements, it is
advantageous that the actuating element be connected with the
opposing means not directly but rather indirectly via a flexible
element such as a rope or the like. In such cases it may be
advantageous, according to one embodiment of the invention, to
pivot the opposing means to a motion-transmitting lever which is
tiltably mounted on the frame and which in turn is connected with
the actuating element to be tilted by the latter, for example via
the aforementioned flexible element.
The opposing means may be in form of a mechanical spring which may
be a compression spring or an expansion spring. This, of course, is
a particularly lightweight and space-saving construction and
permits the accommodation of a plurality of different actuating
elements and associated opposing means on one and the same frame.
However, fluid springs, that is pneumatically or hydraulically
actuated piston and cylinder units, may also be used instead of
mechanical springs.
According to the invention it is also advantageous to provide
connecting means which releasably connects the opposing means with
the actuating element, or with a lever which is connected with the
actuating element, in such a manner that the connection may be
effected at a plurality of spaced locations of the actuating
element or the aforementioned lever, whereby the lever arm may be
changed and thereby the counterforce obtainable from one and the
same spring be varied without having to actually substitute a
different spring or having to vary the force characteristics of the
spring when a different counterforce is desired. If the spring is
in form of a hydraulic or pneumatic piston and cylinder unit, the
construction is also very lightweight and space saving, and there
is the further advantage that a simple, reliable and precise
adjustment of the counterforce is afforded by the use of suitable
and well known throttling means in association with the respective
cylinder and piston unit.
The novel features which are considered as characteristic for the
invention are set forth in particular in the appended claims. The
invention itself, however, both as to its construction and its
method of operation, together with additional objects and
advantages thereof, will be best understood from the following
description of specific embodiments when read in connection with
the accompanying drawing.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is somewhat diagrammatic elevational view of an apparatus
according to the present invention; and
FIG. 2 is a similarly diagrammatic elevational view of an apparatus
incorporating a further embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic elevational view of a modification of the
opposing means.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Discussing firstly FIG. 1 it will be seen that this Figure
illustrates an apparatus according to the present invention which
is provided with three training stations, that is with three
actuating elements which may evidently be used by three persons
simultaneously, or for instance by one person successively. Each of
these training stations is associated with a support located
exteriorly of the frame 1, and only at the right-hand side of FIG.
1 is such a support shown. The body of a user is in part shown in
broken lines to show how the user may position himself both with
respect to the support and to the frame 1. A similar support is
fragmentarily suggested at the left-hand side of the frame 1, and
still a third support would be located in front of the frame 1,
that is between the same and a person viewing FIG. 1.
Of course, it is to be understood that these supports could
conceivably be omitted, or could be replaced by other types of
support, and that they do not form a part of the present invention
and have been shown and discussed herein only to facilitate a
better understanding of the use of the apparatus.
As already pointed out, reference numeral 1 identifies a frame of
the apparatus. The frame 1 may consist of tubular or profiled
elements which are suitably connected with one another. Its
construction per se forms no part of the invention.
Pivotably mounted in the frame 1 are three actuating elements 2, 3
and 4 which are each in form of levers. Each of the elements 2, 3
and 4 is provided with handles 5 which are to be gripped by a user,
as suggested at the right-hand side of frame 1.
The actuating elements 2, 3 and 4 are each connected with opposing
means according to the present invention, here shown as expansion
springs 6. In the illustrated embodiments one end of each of the
expansion springs 6 is connected with a rod 9 which in turn is
rigid with the frame 1. Each of the actuating elements 2, 3 and 4
is provided intermediate its free end which has the hand grip 5 and
its connected end with which it is pivotably connected to the frame
1 as illustrated, with a curved portion 7 in the region of which
the springs 6 are releasably secured to the respective actuating
elements. As shown, the end of each of the springs 6 which is
connected with the respective actuating element 2, 3 and 4 has
pivotably secured thereto a bracket member 8 which surrounds or at
least straddles the respectively associated actuating element 2, 3
and 4. The portions 7 are provided for instance with detents in the
form of recesses 7a and the brackets 8 are provided with
cooperating detent means which may be in form of a pin 8a, spring
biased in known manner inwardly so as to engage with the respective
recesses 7a. Thus, to change the point at which a respective
bracket 8, and its associated spring 6, engages the associated
actuating element 2, 3 or 4, it would simply be necessary to
withdraw the pin 8a outwardly until it becomes disengaged from the
recess 7a in which it had been lodged, thereupon to move the
bracket 8 to another location of the respective portion 7, and to
let the pin 8a move inwardly under the influence of spring bias
until it engages another one of the recesses 7a. In fact, the
spring bias may be provided by the spring 6 itself, rather than by
a separately provided spring, because the spring 6 may serve to
draw the bracket 8 down against the portion 7 so that the pin 8a
will engage with whatever recess 7a with which it is in registry.
By providing this adjustment it is evident that the counterforce
opposed by the spring 6 can be varied at will simply by shifting
the brackets --along the portion 7 of the actuating element.
The rods 9, it should be pointed out, may also be tiltable
connected with the frame 1 if this is desired; if they are rigid,
as shown, the connection between the respective spring 6 and the
associated rod 9 should be of pivotable nature.
It will be clear that if in the illustrated embodiment an upward
force is exerted upon the hand grips 5 of the element 2, this force
will be resisted by the spring 6 associated with the element 2. The
same is true of the elements 3 and 4. Evidently, it is a simple
matter to so modify the apparatus that the springs 6 would oppose a
downward force exerted upon the respective actuating elements, and
of course actuating elements of different types and different
functions may all be accommodated in one and the same frame,
meaning that one such actuating element may for instance be
constructed so that the user pushes upwardly as shown with respect
to the element 2, whereas another one requires the user to pull
downwardly, and still a further one requires different type of
force application.
Of course, as pointed out before, the springs 6 may not only be
expansion springs they may also be compression springs, for
instance if the actuating elements 2, 3 and 4 were constructed so
as to require force application by a user in downward
direction--opposite to what is actually shown in FIG. 1--the
springs 6 would be of the compression type which would be
compressed as a result of movement of the actuating elements, or
they would of course have to be located above the elements 2, 3 and
4 instead of below as shown. In the latter case they would
naturally continue to be expansion springs.
The apparatus shown in FIG. 2 is somewhat analogous to that of FIG.
1. The frame is again identified with reference numeral but this
apparatus comprises only one training station for purposes of
illustration. Mounted on one or more inclined rails 2a is a slide 2
which is movable in the direction of the double-headed arrow,
guided by the rails 2a. The particular construction of the rails 2a
and of the element 2 is immaterial. Connected to the slide element
2 is a flexible motion-transmitting means in form of a rope or the
like identified with reference numeral 3 which is guided around a
reversing roll 4 and connected to one end of a lever 7 whose other
end is pivoted at 5 to a brace 6 which in turn is rigid with the
frame 1.
Mounted on the lever 7 extending longitudinally thereof in
parallelism with it, is a screw spindle 8. The manner in which it
is mounted is immaterial for purposes of the present invention, but
it is pointed out that the spindle 8 may be rotated in suitable
manner, for instance by a motor drive, by a handwheel or the like.
This, again, is of no consequence for the purposes of the present
invention.
The spindle 8 is embraced by a nut means 9 which moves lengthwise
of the spindle 8 in one or the opposite longitudinal direction,
depending upon the direction in which the spindle 8 is rotated.
Connected to the nut means 9 via a connecting plate 11 which is
pivotably secured to the nut means 9, is a tension spring 10 whose
opposite end is secured to the frame 1, or to an element which is
in turn mounted on the frame 1. The lever 7 is provided with
graduations 12 providing a scale, and a portion 13 of the nut means
9 may extend laterally of the spindle 8 so as to provide an
indicating means for the scale 12. The portion 13 may also straddle
the lever 7 or otherwise be so located with reference to the lever
7 as to prevent rotation of the nut means 9 with respect to the
lever 7 and to the spindle 8. Of course, instead of the portion 13
the nut means 9 may be provided with a separate indicator.
It is clear that by turning the spindle 8 and thereby shifting the
nut means 9 lengthwise thereof and of the lever 7, the point of
connection between the spring 10 and the lever 7 can be changed,
that is the point of connection can be moved closer to or farther
away from the pivot point 5. Thereby, the lever arm is lengthened
or shortened and the force exerted by the spring 10, which is
transmitted to the lever 7, the element 3 and thereby the element
2, can thus be varied and is adjustable. The scale 12 of course
permits the user to readily select the desired force.
It is clear that in the embodiment of FIG. 2 the arrangement of the
various components is such as to require little space so that the
apparatus may be small, and so that two or several of these
stations may be accommodated on one and the same frame.
It has been pointed out before and is shown diagrammatically in
FIG. 2 that the mechanical springs may be replaced with pneumatic
or hydraulic springs. These utilize cylinder and piston units in
well known manner and are therefor not believed to require detailed
description. The fluid flow in these units may be regulated by
throttling means interposed in the flow path FIG. 3, and such
throttling means which of course must be adjustable to provide for
setting of the counterforce according to the preference of the
user, is also well known and is not believed to require detailed
description.
It goes without saying that the springs may be directly connected
with the frame, rather than via any intermediaries as the rods 9 in
FIG. 1.
It is of particular advantage if the desired counterforce is
available from the very beginning of movement of the actuating
element, for instance the actuating element 2 in FIG. 1. This
provides for even and uniform exertion of force on the muscles of
the user. To assure this the spring or springs in question may be
pretensioned so as to be in a state of pretension even when the
respective actuating element is in its inactive position in which
no force is being applied to it by a user. It is also advantageous
if the respective spring engages the respective actuating element
at such an angle that at the beginning and throughout the further
movement of the actuating element the desired counterforce remains
the same, that is that it will remain constantly proportional to
the force being applied to the actuating element by the user. In
this manner the counterforce obtained corresponds substantially to
the actual load which obtains for instance when a weight is lifted
by an athlete. It is hardly necessary to emphasize that the present
invention lends itself to the construction of physical exercise
apparatus capable of simulating a great variety of actual physical
exercises, such as weight pushing, throwing, rowing, and the like.
It is simply necessary to construct the actuating elements, or at
least their engaging portions, differently in accordance with the
manner in which force is to be applied to them by a user.
It will be understood that each of the elements described above, or
two or more together, may also find a useful application in other
types of constructions differing from the types described
above.
While the invention has been illustrated and described as embodied
in a physical exercise apparatus, it is not intended to be limited
to the details shown, since various modifications and structural
changes may be made without departing in any way from the spirit of
the present invention.
* * * * *