U.S. patent number 3,638,370 [Application Number 05/049,434] was granted by the patent office on 1972-02-01 for fastening structure for securing support brackets to a wall.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Evon Industries, Inc.. Invention is credited to Peter H. Miller.
United States Patent |
3,638,370 |
Miller |
February 1, 1972 |
FASTENING STRUCTURE FOR SECURING SUPPORT BRACKETS TO A WALL
Abstract
Shelf brackets having a mounting hook at one end are releasably
secured to a wall constructed of spaced pairs of channeled studs
secured to each other, web to web, at localized areas and spanned
by wallboards by inserting the mounting hooks of the brackets into
slots formed at the end of the long arm of a T-shaped spline forced
between the webs. A marker attached to an end of the spline
constitutes a reference point for determining the location of the
slots in the spline. As these slots are concealed after insertion
of the spline between the webs of the studs such reference point
facilitates the attachment of the brackets to the wall.
Inventors: |
Miller; Peter H. (Newark,
NJ) |
Assignee: |
Evon Industries, Inc. (Newark,
NJ)
|
Family
ID: |
21959802 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/049,434 |
Filed: |
June 24, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
52/36.6; 52/105;
211/134 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A47B
96/1416 (20130101); E04B 2/62 (20130101); E04B
2002/7487 (20130101); E04B 2002/7483 (20130101); E04B
2002/7462 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A47B
96/00 (20060101); A47B 96/14 (20060101); E04B
2/58 (20060101); E04B 2/62 (20060101); E04b
001/41 () |
Field of
Search: |
;52/36,582,464,105,248,586 ;211/87,134,135 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Abbott; Frank L.
Assistant Examiner: Schwartz; Robert A.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A fastening structure for releasably securing support brackets
having a mounting hook at one end to a wall constructed of spaced
pairs of channeled studs secured to each other, web to web, at
localized areas and spanned by wallboards abutting against the
branches of the studs, said fastening structure comprising in
combination:
an elongate spline of generally T-shaped cross section insertable
with its long arm between the webs of a pair of said channeled
studs, said long arm of the spline being generally U-shaped, the
bight of the long arm including a plurality of slots, each for
receiving therein the mounting hook of one of said brackets, said
slots being lengthwise spaced by selected distances; and
a marker means attachably secured to one end of said spline in
alignment with the length of the spline and located at a
predetermined distance from the next adjacent slot, said marker
means constituting a reference point for determining the location
of the other slots in the spline after insertion thereof between
the two webs of a pair of studs.
2. The fastening structure according to claim 1 wherein the bight
end of the long arm is cross-sectionally enlarged for releasably
locking the spline between the two webs of a pair of studs, the
spacing between the branches of the U-shaped long arm just fitting
the thickness of the brackets to be fastened.
3. The fastening structure according to claim 1 wherein said marker
means comprises a member of generally T-shaped cross section, and a
mounting pin secured to the free end of the long arm of said marker
member and extending normal to the crossarms of the member, said
pin being inserted between the branches defining the long arm of
the spline at the bight end of said arm, and said long arm of the
marker member being aligned with said long arm of the spline and
insertable between the two webs of a pair of studs simultaneous
with the insertion of the long arm of the spline.
4. The fastening structure according to claim 3 wherein said marker
member consists of a substantially rigid strip, the midportion of
said strip being folded to form the U-shaped long arm and the outer
portions of the strip extending from said long arm substantially
normal thereto to define the crossarms of the marker member.
5. The fastening structure according to claim 4 wherein one end of
said pin is inserted between the two branches of the long arm of
said marker member at the bight end of said arm thereby securing
the pin to the marker member.
6. The fastening structure according to claim 5 wherein said marker
member is secured to the spline with the crossarms of the spline
and the crossarms of the marker member disposed substantially
parallel to each other.
7. The fastening structure according to claim 3 wherein the lengths
of the long arms of the spline and the marker member are so
correlated that upon insertion of the long arm of the marker member
between the two webs of a pair of studs to a depth at which the
crossarms of the marker member rest upon the branches of said studs
the crossarms of the spline are spaced apart from said branches by
a distance selected for fitment of wallboards into the spaces
defined by the branches of the studs and the crossarms of the
spline.
8. The fastening structure according to claim 1 wherein one of the
crossarms of the spline bears along its surface calibration lines
indicative of the locations of said slots in the spline.
9. The fastening structure according to claim 8 wherein a strip
detachably supported by said surface bears said calibration lines.
Description
The present invention relates to a fastening structure for
attachably securing brackets to building walls, and particularly to
walls such as partition walls constructed by erecting spaced-apart
pairs of upright-channeled studs joined to each other, web to web,
at localized points as by spotwelding and spanning the spaces
between the pairs of studs by wallboards such as boards made of
sheet rock, plaster board or other comparatively soft material as
customarily used in the building industry, said wallboards being
held in position by splines of generally T-shaped cross section
forced between the webs of adjacent studs.
BACKGROUND
Walls of the general kind above referred to are widely used as
partition walls in manufacturing and merchandising establishments
such as factories and stores, especially department stores,
supermarkets, etc. Establishments of this kind and also many other
establishments such as libraries, find it often necessary to place
a great number of items on open shelves for display or ready
accessibility. The items to be placed on the shelves may be
individually heavy or present a heavy load in the aggregate, so
that the shelves themselves must be sturdy and the brackets
therefor be strongly anchored to the wall. Moreover, it is often
necessary or desirable for business or other reasons to relocate
the shelves.
Wallboards of the kind above referred to, being made of rather soft
material, have very little load-carrying capability so that the
studs themselves usually made of metal are the only available wall
components capable of supporting the brackets and thus the shelves.
As the studs are not readily accessible at the time the brackets
are to be secured thereto, it is difficult and time consuming to
mount the often large number of brackets so that the brackets and
eventually the shelves placed thereupon are spaced at the required
distances and are level. Relocation of the brackets is similarly
time consuming for the same reason.
Several types of structures for securing brackets to the studs have
been proposed, but the proposals as now known require special
mounting plates and other fastening members so that the
installation of the brackets is still a complex and time-consuming
operation-- time being a very important factor at today's labor
costs. Moreover, the now-known means for fastening brackets to the
studs do not provide readily available markers or indicators which
assist a construction worker installing the brackets in finding the
correct locations for the brackets, but such locations must be
found by trial and error.
THE INVENTION
It is a broad object of the invention to provide a novel and
improved fastening structure for attachably securing the brackets
to a wall of the kind above referred to by means of which the
brackets can be rapidly and safely secured to walls of the kind
above referred to at the desired levels and spacings one from
another.
Another important object of the invention is to provide a novel and
improved structure for attachably securing brackets to a wall of
the kind above referred to by means of which the brackets can be
rapidly and strongly secured to the wall by modifying splines of
the kind customarily fitted between the webs of pairs of studs for
securing the wallboards to the branches of the studs. Accordingly,
the fastening structure of the invention introduces a completely
new concept in that structural components, already required for
constructing the wall, namely the splines, are utilized but so
modified that they are capable of receiving and supporting the
brackets instead of the heretofore-used special mounting plates and
other special fastening means thereby reducing the overall costs of
the installation.
Still another important object of the invention is to provide a
novel and improved structure for fastening brackets to building
walls of the kind above referred to which structure includes means
for guiding the person installing the brackets in ascertaining the
exact locations available for securing the brackets to the wall
thereby further simplifying and expediting mounting of the brackets
in correct positions on the wall.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The afore-pointed-out objects, features and advantages, and other
objects, features and advantages which will be pointed out
hereinafter are obtained by providing for a wall structure of the
kind hereinbefore described generally T-shaped splines with a long
arm in the form of a generally U-shaped strip. This long arm of the
splines includes at its joined end lengthwise-spaced slots each
dimensioned to receive and retain therein the mounting hook at the
end of the brackets to be fastened to the wall. Brackets of this
kind are conventionally used as shelf brackets and for similar
purposes, and readily available in the market. The slots are
generally uniformly spaced and it is advantageous to provide more
slots than the minimal number required for the number of shelves to
be attached to the wall so that the person installing the brackets
has ample latitude to provide virtually any spacing of the shelves
which may be required and also to relocate the shelves.
As it is evident, the slots in the splines become invisible from
the outside of the wall when the splines are pressed home during
the construction of the wall. This makes it cumbersome for the
person installing the brackets to locate the slots to be used for
securing the brackets at the desired spacing and a level position.
According to the invention, locating of the slide slots is
facilitated by providing at least at one end of the spline a marker
which constitutes a reference point by means of which the locations
of all the slots can be readily ascertained. The workman installing
the brackets knows by checking the spline before installing the
same that the slots are spaced, for instance by a distance of 2 in.
and the slot nearest to the marker is at a distance of, say, 4 in.
All he has to do to locate the slots is to mark off on the wall
spacings of 2 in. starting with the marker as reference point.
Location of the slots can be also simplified by adhering to one of
the crossarms of the spline, or if the crossarms should be covered
by a wall finish, to the surface of this finish a strip bearing a
calibration showing the distance of the slots, again using the
marker as a reference point for locating the calibrated strip.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the accompanying drawing, several embodiments of the invention
are shown by way of illustration and not by way of limitation.
In the drawing:
FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a fastening structure for
releasably securing brackets to a wall of the kind described;
FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic elevational view upon a wall such as a
partition wall incorporating fastening structure, according to the
invention;
FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 are end views of modifications of splines as used
in the fastening structure of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a side view upon a marker and a spline as used in the
fastening structure of the invention;
FIG. 7 is an elevational fragmentary view, partly in section, of
the wall with a bracket attached thereto by means of the fastening
structure of the invention; and
FIG. 8 is a section taken on line 8--8 of FIG. 7.
Referring now to the figures in detail, and first to FIG. 1, the
exploded view shown in this figure illustrates structural
components used for the partition wall as the same is erected,
fastening structures of the invention and several brackets to be
releasably secured to the wall by means of the fastening
structures.
In many establishments such as department stores, supermarkets,
storage rooms for inventory, libraries, etc., a row of superimposed
spaced-apart shelves is required; the lowermost shelf may be placed
at about the level of tables or counters, and the uppermost shelf
at a level at which it can be conveniently reached. The wall area
below the lowermost shelf and above the uppermost shelf is
generally covered by continuous wallboards which may or may not be
further finished.
A partition wall of the type to which the invention particularly
relates and which is shown in FIG. 1 in the process of assembly, is
erected by first mounting on floor and ceiling supports two or more
pairs of upright-channeled studs 10 and 11 generally made of sheet
metal. These studs are placed so that their webs 10a and 11a face
each other and their branches 10b and 11b are in alignment to
constitute supporting surfaces for wallboards 12. The webs are
secured to each other at localized points, as by a row of
spot-welds along the centerline of the webs, as is indicated at
13.
As it is clearly shown in the figure, the outer portions of the
webs, either on one side or on both sides of the studs, are
outwardly bent to define spaces 14 between the facing web portions
while the edges 15 at which the branches 10b and 11b are joined to
the webs, are close to each other or even in direct engagement.
Spaces 14 and edges 15 serve to retain splines forced between the
webs, as will be more fully explained hereinafter. After erecting
the studs, wallboards 12 are placed against branches 10b and 11b so
that the butt line between each two wallboards is in alignment with
edges 15 of the webs. The wallboards are held in position by means
of splines 20.
Referring to FIG. 3, each spline has a generally T-shaped
cross-sectional configuration, that is, each spline has a long arm
21 and crossarms 22. The splines may be conveniently formed by
appropriately bending a strip of metal whereby the crossarms are
formed by a single layer of the strip while the long arm 21 is
generally U-shaped. The end of long arm 21 is enlarged, as it is
shown at 21a.
The spline as described so far is a conventional spline, while in
fact FIG. 3 shows a spline according to the invention; the
distinctions between a conventional spline and a spline of the
invention will be described more fully hereinafter.
The long arm of the spline is pushed between the two webs of a pair
of studs to a depth such that the enlarged spline end 21a is
located in space 14. As it is apparent, such location of the spline
end within the space in conjunction with the frictional pressure
exerted by edges 15 upon the long arm of the spline retains the
spline in its position between the webs but permits withdrawal of
the spline if a sufficiently strong pulling force is applied
thereto. The length of long arm 21 is so selected that when the
spline is pressed into the position in which its enlarged portion
21a is within space 14, the crossarms 22 of the spline are spaced
apart from branches 10b and 11b a distance corresponding to the
thickness of wallboards 12 as used for spanning the spaces between
adjacent pairs of studs. Accordingly, the wallboards can be
installed by simply pushing the same into the receiving slots
formed between the branches and the crossarms of the splines, but
it is, of course, also possible to place the wallboards first in
positions such that the butt lines therebetween are in registry
with edges 15 and then to insert the splines as previously
described.
The construction of the wall as hereinbefore described is
conventional and does not constitute part of the invention.
Turning now to the description of the invention, a spline 20
according to the invention has generally the same configuration as
conventional splines. Additionally, the spline has at the end of
its long arm 21, that is, in the strip portion 23 joining the strip
portions 24 and 25 defining the generally U-shaped long arm of the
spline, a plurality of lengthwise-spaced slots 26. These slots
serve to receive mounting hooks 27 at one end of brackets 28. The
brackets are of the kind widely used for supporting shelves; they
are readily available in the market and do not constitute part of
the invention.
As it is evident, insertion of mounting hooks 27 into slots 26 will
releasably secure the bracket to the spline.
Reverting to FIG. 3, the spacing between strip portions 24 and 25
is selected in accordance with the thickness of brackets 28. With
conventional splines the enlargement 21a at the end of long arm 21
may be a very slight one so that the splines can be pushed home
without great effort, but with a spline according to the invention
a pronounced enlargement as it is shown in FIG. 3 is preferable.
While the force tending to pull out a spline merely used for
retaining a wallboard in position is a fairly small one, the
pulling force acting upon a spline used for mounting shelf brackets
is likely to be a much greater one. Accordingly, it is advantageous
to anchor such spline more strongly in position by a strongly
enlarged head at the end of its long arm, even though such large
head may make it more difficult to push the spline home.
FIG. 4 shows a spline 20a according to the invention which is
basically similar to the spline of FIG. 3, but is designed for a
bracket less thick than the bracket for which the spline of FIG. 3
is designed. As is shown, the spline of FIG. 4 also has a very
pronounced enlargement 21a.
Spline 20b of FIG. 5 has a strongly enlarged spline head 21a but
the configuration of this spline head is such that it can be
somewhat more conveniently inserted between the webs of the studs,
and also pulled out than the splines of FIGS. 3 and 4. A spline
according to FIG. 5 may be used when the loads to be carried by the
shelves are not likely to be heavy.
FIG. 2 shows the completed wall structure with splines according to
the invention as hereinbefore described applied thereto. The figure
also shows two installed shelves 30 placed upon brackets 28. For
the sake of clarification, slots 26 are indicated in FIG. 2, but as
it is readily apparent in actuality the slots are invisible as they
are at the bottom of a very narrow slot into which light cannot
penetrate for all practical purposes.
To facilitate location of the concealed slots in the installed
splines, the invention provides an indicator or marker 35, as shown
in FIG. 6.
Before discussing this marker in detail, it should be pointed out
that the slots are preferably uniformly spaced. Accordingly, if a
person after installing a spline knows the location of at least one
of the slots relative to a reference point, he can easily ascertain
the location of all the other slots. Marker 35 provides such
reference point. The marker as shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 1 has a
generally T-shaped cross section, that is, it defines a long arm 36
and crossarms 37. It may be formed by suitably bending a metal
strip. Such bending automatically results in a generally U-shaped
long arm. The space between the two branches of the long arm is
used to secure therein a mounting pin 38 which may be anchored in
the slot by suitable fastening means, such as soldering.
A marker as described is releasably fitted to one end of, for
instance, spline 20, by pushing pin 38 into enlarged portion 21a of
the spline until the edge 36a of the marker abuts against the
respective end of spline 20, as it is shown in FIG. 1. As also
shown in this figure, the marker is so oriented that its crossarms
37 are substantially parallel with the crossarms 22 of the
spline.
As is evident from the previous description, the spline and the
marker attached thereto can be simultaneously inserted between webs
10a and 11a of the studs. The lengths of the long arm 36 of the
marker and of the long arm 21 of the spline are so correlated that
when the marker is pushed into a depth at which its crossarms 37
abut against stud branches 10b and 11b the enlargement 21a of
spline 20 occupies space 14. In other words, the aforedescribed
spacing between crossarms 22 of the spline and the branches of the
studs is maintained. As it is shown in FIG. 1, one or more holes 40
in crossarms 37 of the marker permit positive attachment of the
marker to the branches, thereby also positively locking the spline
in position between the webs of the studs.
The marker, when placed in the position just described, is at a
known distance from the next adjacent slot. Accordingly, it
constitutes the desired reference point for determining the
locations of all other slots in the spline.
Referring to FIGS. 7 and 8, these figures show clearly the manner
in which a spline 20 with marker 35 secured thereto is fitted
between the webs of two studs. The figures also show brackets 28
hooked into the slots 26 of the splines and the manner in which
wallboards 12 are retained on the branches of the studs by the
crossarms 22 of the spline.
Reverting to FIG. 2, this figure shows an elevational view upon a
partition wall to which are attached brackets 28 for shelves 30 by
means of fastening structures according to the invention. The
figure further shows that the foot ends of the studs are secured in
a conventional manner to a floor support 45 and the upper ends to a
ceiling support 46. The slotted splines as described hereinbefore
need not extend from the floor to the ceiling but may be limited to
the maximum and minimum levels between which it is desired to
provide shelves, two shelves being shown by way of example. The
upper shelf may be placed at the top level at which a person can
conveniently reach items placed, and the lower shelf may be placed
at the level of a counter or tabletop.
It is customary practice, primarily for ornamental reasons, to
cover the wall space above the uppermost shelf and below the
lowermost shelf by continuous finished wallboards, as it is
indicated by panels or board 47 and 48. As FIG. 2 also shows,
markers 35 are so placed that they are just concealed by the upper
paneling 47 and the lower paneling 48. Such location of the markers
permits a person installing the brackets to ascertain the locations
of the slots by using the known locations of the markers as
reference points. Without such markers he would have to ascertain
the locations of the slots (now concealed within the wall) by trial
and error, that is, in a cumbersome fashion.
Location of the slots can be further facilitated by applying a
strip 50 to one of the crossarms 22 of the spline, as it is shown
in FIG. 1. This strip bears calibration lines 49 which are
indicative of the locations of the slots. The strip may be coated
on one side with a suitable and conventional pressure adhesive and
stripped off after it has served its purpose and before finishing
of the wall. It is of course also possible to apply the calibration
lines directly to the crossarms of the spline.
While the invention has been described in detail with respect to
certain now-preferred examples and embodiments of the invention, it
will be understood by those skilled in the art, after understanding
the invention, that various changes and modifications may be made
without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and
it is intended, therefore, to cover all such changes and
modifications in the appended claims.
* * * * *