U.S. patent number 3,638,013 [Application Number 04/812,823] was granted by the patent office on 1972-01-25 for dental apparatus utilizing fiber optics.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Fiber-Photics, Inc.. Invention is credited to Ronald F. Keller.
United States Patent |
3,638,013 |
Keller |
January 25, 1972 |
DENTAL APPARATUS UTILIZING FIBER OPTICS
Abstract
Dental apparatus having a case with a lamp mounted in the case
and producing a focused source of light at a predetermined focal
point. A socket assembly is mounted in the case in the vicinity of
the lamp. The socket assembly has at least first and second
openings therein with the first opening being substantially larger
than the second opening. A first large fiber optics cable is
provided and has one end mounted in the first opening in the socket
assembly so that it faces the focused source of light. The other
end of the large fiber optics cable is adapted to be positioned to
provide general illumination of a predetermined area. A second
small fiber optics cable is provided and has one end mounted in the
second opening in the socket assembly and also facing the focused
source of light. A tool is mounted on the other end of the second
cable so that the second cable provides a beam of light to provide
localized illumination for use of the tool. The tool can be in the
form of a hand dental mirror having a headlike substrate with a
reflecting surface thereon and handle means secured to the
substrate and connected to the second fiber optics cable. The hand
dental mirror includes means for causing substantially all the
light passing from the fiber optics cable connected to the handle
means to pass from the substrate in a direction generally
perpendicular to the reflecting surface and from a generally
localized area with respect to the substrate.
Inventors: |
Keller; Ronald F. (Aptos,
CA) |
Assignee: |
Fiber-Photics, Inc. (Santa
Cruz, CA)
|
Family
ID: |
25210725 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/812,823 |
Filed: |
April 2, 1969 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
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674706 |
Oct 9, 1967 |
|
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Current U.S.
Class: |
433/31; 362/138;
362/573; 362/120 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61C
1/088 (20130101); A61B 1/07 (20130101); G02B
6/0005 (20130101); A61B 1/247 (20130101); F21L
14/00 (20130101); F21W 2131/202 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61C
1/08 (20060101); A61B 1/24 (20060101); A61B
1/06 (20060101); A61B 1/07 (20060101); A61B
1/247 (20060101); F21V 8/00 (20060101); F21S
8/00 (20060101); F21L 14/00 (20060101); G02B
6/04 (20060101); A61b 001/06 () |
Field of
Search: |
;240/41.15,1EL,2E,2MT,2.18,6.46,47,4.2 ;350/96B
;128/6,11,13,16,22,398 ;32/26,27,69 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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179,905 |
|
Oct 1954 |
|
OE |
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952,388 |
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Mar 1964 |
|
GB |
|
Primary Examiner: Horan; John M.
Assistant Examiner: Mathews; Alan
Parent Case Text
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No.
674,706, filed Oct. 9, 1967 now abandoned.
Claims
I claim:
1. In a dental apparatus, a source of light, a dental tool, a
flexible fiber optics cable having one end facing the source of
light and having the other end secured to the dental tool and
throwing a beam of light in the vicinity of said tool, said dental
tool being in the form of a hand dental mirror having a headlike
substrate with a major planar reflecting surface thereon, and
handle means secured to the substrate and connected means
independent of the major planar reflecting surface for causing
substantially all of the light passing from the fiber optics cable
connected to the handle means to pass from the substrate in a
direction generally perpendicular to the major planar reflecting
surface and from a generally localized area with respect to the
major planar reflecting surface and solely in front of the major
planar reflecting surface.
2. Apparatus as in claim 1 wherein said dental mirror is formed of
plastic.
3. Apparatus as in claim 1 wherein the means independent of the
major planar reflecting surface consists of at least one surface
extending at an angle with respect to the major planar reflecting
surface of the mirror.
4. Apparatus as in claim 3 wherein said at least one surface is
formed by a recess in the back side of the substrate.
5. Apparatus as in claim 3 wherein said at least one surface is
formed by a recess in the front side of said substrate.
6. Apparatus as in claim 3 wherein said at least one surface has a
substantially parabolic shape.
7. Apparatus as in claim 1 wherein said handle includes a fiber
optics cable extending through the same and wherein said fiber
optics cable includes a spring extending the length of the
cable.
8. In a dental apparatus, a source of light, a dental tool, a
flexible fiber optics cable having one end facing the source of
light and having the other end secured to the dental tool for
throwing a beam of light in the vicinity of the dental tool, said
dental tool including a holder, said holder comprising a tube, a
retainer carried by the tube and having a bore therein, said fiber
optics cable having a fitting thereon adapted to be fitted in the
hole in said retainer, said fitting having an enlarged portion
preventing the same from passing through the hole, spring means
mounted on the cable and adapted to engage said enlarged portion of
said fitting and cooperative locking means carried by the spring
means for engaging one end of said tube for retaining said spring
means and said cable in said tube and for yieldably urging said
fitting into the hole in said retainer, a ferrule, a fitting
mounted in said ferrule and carrying a fiber optics bundle and
extending through the ferrule, said fitting in said ferrule having
an enlarged portion between the ends of the same preventing said
fitting in said ferrule from being pushed out of said ferrule, and
cooperative means carried by the ferrule adapted to engage the
other end of the tube, said fitting extending into said retainer in
said tube and having a length such that when said cooperative means
carried by the ferrule is in engagement with the end of the tube,
the fitting carried by the ferrule is in engagement with the
fitting carried by the cable to urge the fitting on the cable in a
direction out of the retainer against the force of the spring means
so that good contact is maintained between said fitting so that
light carried by one fitting is passed to the next fitting.
9. A dental apparatus as in claim 8 wherein said dental tool is in
the form of a ferrule having a passage extending therethrough, said
ferrule having an extension, a mirror holder mounted in said
extension, a mirror carried by said mirror holder, said ferrule
extension having a passage therethrough, a fiber optics member
mounted in said passages and extending through the same to a
position in front of the mirror, and means connecting said fiber
optics member to said cable.
10. A dental apparatus as in claim 9 wherein said dental tool
includes a ferrule having a split therein and having a bore
extending longitudinally therethrough and opening into a larger
bore, a tubular fiber optics member, a clip mounted on said fiber
optics member and having portions thereof extending upwardly beyond
the fiber optics member, said fiber optics member being disposed in
said split ferrule so that said portions of said clip are
positioned in said split in said ferrule to prevent rotation of the
fiber optics member with respect to the ferrule.
11. In apparatus utilizing fiber optics, a case, a lamp mounted in
said case, said lamp producing a focused source of light at a
predetermined focal point, a socket assembly mounted in said case
in the vicinity of said lamp, said socket assembly having at least
first and second openings therein with the first opening being
substantially larger than the second opening, a first large fiber
optics cable having one end mounted in the first opening in the
socket assembly and facing the focused source of light from said
lamp generally at the focal point of the lamp, the other end of the
large fiber optics cable being adapted to be positioned to provide
general illumination of a predetermined area, a second smaller
fiber optics cable having one end mounted in the second opening in
the socket assembly and facing the focused source of light from
said lamp generally at the focal point of the lamp and a tool
mounted on the other end of said second cable, said second cable
providing a beam of light in the vicinity of said tool to provide
localized illumination for use of said tool.
12. Apparatus as in claim 11 together with separate detent means
for retaining said first and second cables in said socket
assembly.
13. Apparatus as in claim 11 wherein said first opening is inclined
with respect to the second opening so that said openings terminate
at points which are generally in relatively close proximity to the
focal point of the lamp.
14. Apparatus as in claim 11 together with control means for
controlling the intensity of the light emanating from the lamp.
15. Apparatus as in claim 12 wherein one of said separate detent
means includes a pin slidably mounted in said socket assembly and
extending into said second opening, and a yieldable member
encircling said socket assembly and engaging said pin.
16. Apparatus as in claim 11 wherein said first and second fiber
optics cables each includes a spring extending the length of the
fiber optics cable.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to dental apparatus. Heretofore in dental
apparatus, it has been the practice to provide illumination by the
use of a light source and a large curved mirror for reflecting a
relatively large beam of light onto the patient's head and, in
particular, in the area of the mouth in which the dental work is to
be performed. Such illumination has not been entirely satisfactory
because the hands and the instruments often shade the area in which
work is being performed and, therefore, it is necessary for the
dentist to handle the tools being utilized in such a manner that
they do not shadow the work area.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION AND OBJECTS
The dental apparatus consists of a source of light and a dental
tool. A flexible fiber optics cable is provided which has one end
facing the source of light and which has the other end secured to
the dental tool and carries light to the dental tool and throws a
beam of light in the vicinity of said dental tool and onto the area
in which work is to be performed.
In general, it is an object of the present invention to provide a
dental apparatus in which illumination is provided in the vicinity
of the dental tool and onto the area in which work is to be
performed by the use of a flexible fiber optics cable.
Another object of the invention is to provide a dental apparatus of
the above character which is particularly useful for handtools
utilized in dental procedures.
Another object of the invention is to provide a dental apparatus of
the above character which is relatively light and compact.
Another object of the invention is to provide a dental apparatus of
the above character in which the flexible cable utilized is very
light and flexible and does not impede use of the handtools.
Another object of the invention is to provide a dental apparatus of
the above character which can be readily and economically
manufactured.
Another object of the invention is to provide a unique flexible
fiber optics cable and method for making the same.
Additional objects and features of the invention will appear from
the following description in which the preferred embodiment is set
forth in conjunction with the accompanying drawing.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a dental apparatus incorporating
the present invention and in particular showing its use in
connection with a dental mirror.
FIG. 2 is a top plan cross-sectional view of the light source shown
in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 3--3 of FIG.
2.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 4--4 of FIG.
2.
FIG. 5 is a greatly enlarged cross-sectional view of one end of the
flexible fiber optics cable utilized in the dental apparatus shown
in FIG. 1 and, in particular, shows the end which is to be
connected to the light source.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view with certain portions broken away
of the dental mirror and the other end of the flexible fiber optics
cable.
FIGS. 7 and 8 show respectively a partial exterior view and a
cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a dental mirror which
can be used in the dental apparatus shown in FIGS. 1-6.
FIGS. 9 and 10 are cross-sectional views of additional embodiments
of dental mirrors which can be utilized in the dental apparatus
shown in FIGS. 1-6.
FIG. 11 is a side elevational view with certain portions broken
away showing a diagnostic tool which can be utilized in the dental
apparatus shown in FIGS. 1-6.
FIG. 12 is a side elevational view with certain portions in cross
section showing the manner in which a high-speed turbine handpiece
can be utilized in conjunction with the dental apparatus shown in
FIGS. 1-6.
FIG. 13 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a dental
apparatus incorporating the present invention and showing use of
the same.
FIG. 14 is an enlarged view of the large fiber optics bundle shown
in FIG. 13 and used for general illumination of the mouth.
FIG. 15 is a top plan view in cross section of the dental apparatus
shown in FIG. 13.
FIG. 16 is an end elevational view in cross section taken along the
line 16--16 of FIG. 15.
FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 17--17 of
FIG. 15.
FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 18--18 of
FIG. 16.
FIG. 19 is an enlarged view in cross section of a fiber optics
cable utilized in conjunction with the general apparatus shown in
FIG. 13.
FIG. 20 is a view at right angles to the view shown in FIG. 19 of a
portion of the cable assembly shown in FIG. 19.
FIG. 21 shows an attachment whereby a conventional dental mirror
can be utilized in conjunction with the dental apparatus.
FIG. 22 is a side elevational view of a probe utilized in the
dental apparatus.
FIG. 23 is an end elevational view taken along the line 23--23 of
FIG. 22.
FIG. 24 is a side elevational view of a socket utilized in
conjunction with the dental apparatus.
FIG. 25 is a view looking along the line 25--25 of FIG. 24.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The dental apparatus shown in FIGS. 1-6 consists of a light source
11 and a dental tool 12. A fiber optics cable 13 is provided which
connects the light source to the dental tool 12. The dental tool 12
can be of any desired type. However, in FIGS. 1-6, it is shown as a
dental mirror.
The light source 11 consists of a housing or case 14 of a suitable
type as, for example, a sheet metal case. The case is formed of a
U-shaped member 16, one side of which forms a front panel 17.
Rubber feet 18 are mounted on the bottom side thereof. A baseplate
19 is mounted within the U-shaped member 16 and is secured to the
baseplate by the screws 21 provided in the rubber feet 18. A top
U-shaped cover plate 22 is mounted over the top of the U-shaped
member 16 and is provided with inwardly turned portions 23 which
are secured to the bottom of the U-shaped member 16 by screws
24.
A socket 26 is mounted in the baseplate 19 and carries a projection
bulb 27 of a suitable type such as a Sylvania DLH 250 watt, 120
volt. As is well known to those skilled in the art, the projection
bulb 27 provides a focused beam of light of relatively high
intensity.
Means is provided for cooling the bulb 27 and consists of an
electric motor 31 mounted upon the baseplate 19 and which is
provided with dual output shafts 32 and 33. Fans 34 and 36 are
mounted on the shafts 32 and 33 are driven by the shafts. As can be
seen from FIG. 2, fans 34 and 36 draw air through louvered openings
37 provided in one end of the U-shaped cover 22 and draw the same
over the motor to cool the motor and then force the air over the
projection bulb and out through louvered openings 38 provided in
the other end of the U-shaped cover 22. A light shield 39 is
mounted on the baseplate 19 by screws 41 and serves to prevent the
escape of light from the bulb 27 through the louvered openings
38.
A light dimmer 46 of a conventional type which utilizes an SCR
circuit is mounted upon the front side 17 of the U-shaped member 16
and is provided with a control knob 47 so the intensity of the lamp
or bulb 27 can be controlled by adjustment of the knob 47.
A socket assembly 51 is also mounted on the front side 17 of the
U-shaped member 16. The socket assembly consists of a female
cup-shaped receptacle 52 which is mounted on the rear side of the
U-shaped member 16 and is secured thereto in a suitable manner. The
cup-shaped receptacle 52 is provided with a plurality of holes 53
(see FIG. 4), for a purpose hereinafter described, in which three
of the holes are provided in 120.degree.; two holes are provided in
another 120.degree.; and only one hole is provided in the other
120.degree. of the 360.degree. circle in which the holes 53 are
disposed. A male plug 54 is rotatably mounted in the cup-shaped
receptacle 52 and is held therein by a screw 56 threaded into the
member 54. The plug 54 is provided with three holes 57 which are
spaced 120.degree. apart and which extend through the plug in a
direction which is parallel to the axis of rotation for the plug
and which are adapted to be moved into registration with the holes
53 provided in the plug. By rotation of the plug 54 within the
cup-shaped socket member 52, a single hole 57 can be moved into
registration with one of the holes 53 provided in the plug or,
alternatively, two of the holes 57 or three of the holes 57 can be
moved into registration with holes 53 so that by choice either one
of the holes, two of the holes, or three of the holes 57 can be
aligned with the holes 53 and receive light from the projection
bulb 27.
The socket assembly 51 is provided with means for retaining the
fiber optics cable 13 in the plug with one end of the fiber optics
cable in registration with one of the holes 53 in the socket
assembly and disposed facing the bulb 27 in the light source 11.
Such means consists of a detent 58 for each of the holes 57
provided in the plug and which is slidably mounted in the plug at
right angles to the holes 57 so that it can enter the hole and
engage one end of the fiber optics cable 13 as shown particularly
in FIG. 3. Yieldable means is provided for yieldably urging the
detent into engagement with the end of the cable 13 and consists of
a resilient O-ring 59 mounted in an annular groove 61 of the male
plug 54.
The fiber optics cable 13 consists of a plurality of fiber optic
elements such as glass fibers 66 which are formed into a bundle 67.
The fibers 66 are preferably formed of glass and they can have any
suitable dimension as, for example, from one-half to 31/2
thousandths of an inch. By way of example, glass fibers having a
diameter of 3 mils and having a length of 6 feet were utilized.
Approximately 250 to 300 of the glass fibers were used to form a
bundle having a diameter of 0.065 of an inch. After the fibers had
been formed into the bundle, the bundle was impregnated with the
suitable lubricant such as sucrose acetate manufactured by Eastman
Kodak and were then slid into an elongate helical spring 68 having
a suitable length so that the spring extends over along the entire
length of the bundle. The spring is formed so that the bundle 67
substantially fills the space within the spring. The spring can be
formed of any suitable material such as piano wire having a
diameter of 0.006 of an inch. However, piano wire ranging from
0.004 to 0.014 of an inch can be utilized, although the best range
would be from 0.006 to 0.012 of an inch. The spring 68 was wound in
such a manner that the gap between each turn of the spring was
substantially equal to the diameter of the wire forming the spring.
As is well known to those skilled in the art, this can be
identified as a spring having a 100 percent gap. If desired, the
gap can be either increased or decreased.
After the bundle 67 has been inserted in the spring 68, the ends of
the spring 68 are cut off so they are flush with the ends of the
bundle. Metal end pieces 69 and 71 formed of a suitable material
such as brass are mounted on the ends of the bundle 67 and the
spring 68. By way of example, the brass end pieces could have an
inside diameter of 0.111 and an outside diameter of 0.125 of an
inch. The spring 68 preferably should have a diameter which is
slightly greater than the inner diameter of the end pieces 71.
Thus, by way of example, the spring 68 could have an outside
diameter dimension of 0.113 to 0.114 of an inch. In mounting the
end pieces 69 and 71, the ends of the spring 68 are then threaded
into the end pieces until they are flush with the end of the end
pieces as shown in FIG. 5. Swaged members 72 and 73 are mounted on
the end pieces 69 and 71 but are spaced from the ends of the bundle
67. As can be seen from FIGS. 5 and 6, the swaged members 72 and 73
have tapered end portions 72a and 73a=, respectively.
The bundle 67 with the spring 68 and the end pieces 69 and 71
thereon are then slipped into suitable protective tubing 74.
Preferably, the tubing should be a shrink tubing such as that made
out of Teflon, RNS or vinyl. By way of example, 1/8-inch vinyl can
be used. After the tubing 74 has been placed over the spring 68 and
the end pieces 69 and 71, the assembly is placed in an oven to
shrink the tubing onto the spring 68. This can be accomplished in a
suitable manner such as by placing the assembly in an oven at
300.degree. C. for a period of 5 minutes. The ends are then
additionally reinforced by additional tubelike shrink members 76
formed of the same material as the tubing 74 and which are placed
over the inner ends of the end pieces 69 and 71 and over the
adjacent portions of the spring 68 extending out of the end pieces
69 and 71. These are also shrunk into place at the same time when
the assembly is placed in the oven.
After this has been completed, the ends of the bundles of fiber are
impregnated with a suitable material such as an epoxy with a
syringe. After the resin or epoxy has hardened, the ends can be cut
off so they are square, and thereafter the ends are ground and
polished so that the ends of the fibers 66 lie in a plane and are
adapted to be exposed to a source of light.
A holder 78 is then mounted on one end of the fiber optics cable
which has been formed. This holder 78 consists of a coil spring 79
which is mounted on the brass end piece 71 and has one end engaging
the swaged member 73 and has the other end engaging a split sleeve
81 which encompasses the tubular member 76 and which is disposed
within a larger tubular member 82. Another spring 83 is mounted on
the cable 13 and engages the other end of the split sleeve 81 and
is retained in engagement with the split sleeve by a cap 84 which
is threaded onto one end of the tubular member 82.
A ferrule 85 is threaded into the other end of the tubular member
82 and is provided with a large slot 86 which is adapted to receive
the dental tool 12 as hereinafter described. Another ferrule 87 is
mounted in the tubular member 82 adjacent the end and in which the
ferrule 85 is threaded and is adapted to receive the end of the
cable 13. The ferrule 87 is of such a size that the swaged member
73 cannot pass through the same and, therefore, the ferrule 87
serves as a stop to prevent the spring 79 from urging the end of
the cable 13 through the tubular member 82.
As hereinbefore explained, the dental tool 12 which is shown in
FIGS. 1-6 is in the form of a dental mirror. The dental mirror is
constructed of a circular glass mirror 90 which consists of a glass
substrate 91 which is provided with a surface, such as a rear or
front surface, which is coated with a layer 92 of a suitable
material such as silver or aluminum. A small opening 93 is provided
in the layer 92 adjacent one edge. This can be accomplished by
making a hole in the layer 92 after it has been placed on the glass
substrate 91, or means can be provided for preventing the
deposition of the metal in this area forming the opening 93.
A mirror holder 94 formed of a suitable material such as brass is
provided. As can be seen from FIG. 6, the outer margin of the
holder 94 is turned over the edge of the glass substrate 91. A
gasket 96 is provided for forming a tight fit between the glass
substrate 91 and the holder. The tool is provided with a
light-transmitting handle 97 which is secured to the mirror holder.
As can be seen from FIG. 6, the handle 97 includes a bundle 68 of
glass fibers of the type hereinbefore described which are mounted
in a spring 99. The bundle 98 with the spring 99 are mounted in a
tube 101. The dimensions of the bundle 98, the spring 99 and the
tube 101 are similar to the bundle 67, the spring 68 and the end
pieces 71. Thereafter, the tube 101 is bent to form a relatively
sharp bend or gooseneck 102 by placing the tube in a bending
fixture. It has been found that the spring 98 prevents the tube 101
from collapsing and, in addition, it serves to keep a constant
outside diameter for the tube 101 throughout the bend. After this
has been accomplished, the ends of the bundle 98 are impregnated
with an epoxy and after the epoxy hardens, the ends are ground and
polished in the manner hereinbefore described.
As soon as the ends of the handle 97 are completed, the handle is
secured to the mirror holder 94 so that the end of the bundle is in
alignment with the opening 93 provided in the mirror. The handle 97
is then affixed to the holder by suitable means such as silver
solder. The tool is mounted in the holder 78 by grasping the tool
and placing it in the slot 86 of the ferrule 85. The ferrule 85
with the tool therein is threaded into the holder 78 so that the
tool engages the end of the cable 13 and urges it to the right as
viewed in FIG. 6 to establish a good contact between the tool and
the cable. In place of the threaded ferrule 85, a bayonet-type
fitting can be utilized.
Use of the dental apparatus may now be briefly described as
follows. Let it be assumed that it is desired to use the apparatus
for inspecting the teeth of a patient as shown in FIG. 1. The light
source 11 is connected to a suitable source of power such as 110
volts AC so that the bulb 27 is lit. The bulb is adjusted to the
proper intensity by rotation of the knob 47. If it is desired to
utilize only one dental tool at a time, the plug 54 is rotated so
that only one of the holes 57 is in registration with one of the
holes 53 provided in the cup-shaped female receptacle 52. The end
of the cable 13 not carrying the holder 78 is inserted into the
hole 57 until the end of the cable is adjacent the bulb 27 and so
that the swaged member 72 is pressed beyond the detent 58 whereby
the end of the cable is retained within the plug 54. The dental
tool which is to be used, assuming it is the dental mirror, is then
inserted in the ferrule 85 which is provided with slot 86. The
ferrule 85 is threaded into the tubular member 82 so that the end
of the dental mirror engages the other end of cable 13. The dental
apparatus is then ready for use. Light from the bulb 27 passes
through the holes 53 and into the fibers 66 and is carried with
very high efficiency through the cable 13 and into the light fibers
carried by the dental tool. Light is emitted from the end of the
light bundle of the tool and passes through the opening provided in
the silver on the mirror 90 and forms a cone of light which shines
directly onto the area being inspected. Light reflected from the
teeth onto the mirror permits the dentist to clearly see the area
being examined.
It has been found that the dental apparatus has a great advantage
in that the light is always directed towards the area which is
being inspected by the dental mirror to always ensure that there is
more than adequate light to perform the inspection. Since the area
of the mirror through which the light passes is relatively small
and is offset to one side, there is substantially no disadvantage
from having the light enter and pass through the mirror in this
manner. The fiber optics cable 13 is constructed in such a manner
so that it is very flexible and does not impede movement of the
dental mirror. The light is transmitted by the cable with very high
efficiency and also readily passes through the bend 102 provided in
the dental mirror. Because of the use of the spring which extends
the entire length of the bundle of fibers, it is possible to bend
the cable 13 into relatively sharp bends without any danger of
breaking the glass fibers which are being utilized. The cable is
relatively small and compact and, therefore, does not impede use of
the dental mirror by the dentist. In addition, the cable is
constructed in such a manner so that it can withstand relatively
rough usage without danger of breaking the same.
Another embodiment of the dental mirror is shown in FIGS. 7 and 8.
In this embodiment of the dental mirror, the entire dental mirror
is formed of a suitable light-transmitting plastic material such as
Lucite which has been molded into the proper shape. Thus, the
dental mirror takes the form of Lucite body 111 which is provided
with a circular portion 112 having surfaces 113 and 114. The
surface 114 is provided with a coating 116 of silver which forms a
reflective surface. The body is also provided with a tubular handle
portion 117 that is formed integral with the portion 112 and which
is provided with an enlarged portion 118 near the end of the same
which has the same configuration as the swaged member 72 provided
in the previous embodiment hereinbefore described. The portion 112
of the body 111 is provided with a V-shaped recess 121 on the
surface 113 adjacent the point at which the handle portion 117
adjoins the portion 112. The recess is provided with two inclined
surfaces 122 and 123 which form the recess 121. The surface 122 is
disposed at a suitable angle as, for example, an angle of
45.degree. with respect to the longitudinal axis of the handle
portion 117 so as to reflect light being carried down the handle
portion out of the portion 112 in a direction which is
substantially perpendicular to the surface 113. It has been found
that this plastic dental mirror can be used in the same manner as
the dental mirror shown in FIGS. 1-6. It can be utilized with the
same cable 13 and the holder 78 carried by the cable. It can be
mounted in the ferrule 85 and placed in the holder 78 in the same
manner as hereinbefore described. Light then passes from the light
source 11 through the cable 13, through the Lucite handle portion
117 until it strikes the surface 122 and is reflected from that
surface into the area which is being inspected. The silver surface
114 then acts to form the mirror in the same manner as the mirror
90 to permit inspection of the area on which the light is being
shone by the dental mirror. Again, as can be seen from FIGS. 7 and
8, the recess 121 is positioned so that it does not materially
affect the area of the mirror used for viewing.
In the embodiment of the invention shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the
recess is formed in the front side of the mirror. In the embodiment
of the invention shown in FIG. 9, a recess 126 is formed on the
rear side of the portion 112. The surface 128 is provided with a
silver coating 131 which forms an angle of approximately
45=.degree. with respect to the longitudinal axis of the handle
portion 117 and serves to reflect light travelling down the handle
portion into the area to be inspected in the same manner as
described in conjunction with FIGS. 7 and 8.
Another embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 10 which also
is formed of a suitable light-transmitting plastic such as Lucite.
However, in this case, a recess 136 is formed on the surface 114
and the area within the recess is coated with a silver coating 137
to provide a parabolic reflecting surface 138 which is adapted to
gather light as it passes from the handle portion 117 and to
generally focus the light onto the area being inspected with the
dental mirror.
In all of the embodiments of the dental mirror, the dental mirror
can be utilized with the same cable 13 and light source 11.
Other dental tools can be utilized in conjunction with the light
source 11 can the cable 13. For example, a dental tool which can be
called a transilluminator 141 is provided in FIG. 11. The
transilluminator 141 is formed in a manner similar to the dental
mirror. A bundle 142 of fibers is mounted in a spring 143 and the
spring and bundle are carried within a tube 144. A swaged member
146 is mounted on the tube adjacent one end thereof. The other end
of the tube is provided with a right-angle bend 147 as shown in
FIG. 6. The ends of the bundle 142 are then filled with an epoxy
and ground and polished in the manner hereinbefore described. This
transilluminator 141 can be utilized with the cable 13 and the
holder 78 in the same manner as the dental mirrors hereinbefore
described. The transilluminator can be utilized for shining
directly onto the teeth a relatively sharp beam of light to permit
inspection of the teeth with the light shining through the teeth.
The teeth are relatively translucent and, therefore, a dentist is
able to determine whether cavities are present in the teeth without
resorting to the use of X-rays.
Still another dental tool which can be utilized with the light
source 11 and the fiber optics cable 13 is shown in FIG. 12 and
consists of a high-speed turbine handpiece 151 of a suitable type
such as one manufactured by the Star Dental Manufacturing Co., Inc.
of Philadelphia, Pa. Such a high-speed handpiece, well known to
those skilled in the art, is provided with an air tube 152 and a
water tube 153. It is also provided with a turbine head 154 which
carries a shaft 156 which is driven by a turbine 157. The shaft
carries the burr (not shown) which is used for drilling in the
teeth. A fiber optics cable 161 similar to the fiber optics cable
13 is provided and is formed as an integral part of the handpiece
151. The cable 161 is provided with a bundle 162 which is mounted
in a spring (not shown). The bundle 162 and the spring are mounted
in heat-shrinkable tube 163. The cable is provided with an end 166
which is adjacent the head 154 and is adapted to shine light onto
the area in which the dentist is working with the handpiece. The
other end of the cable 161 can be constructed in the same manner as
the cable 13 and connected to the light source 11 in the same
manner.
Another embodiment of the dental apparatus is shown in FIGS. 13-18
and consists of a housing or case 176. The case 176 consists of a
U-shaped member 177, one side of which serves as a front panel 178.
Rubber feet 179 are mounted upon the bottom side of the U-shaped
member 177. The bottom of the U-shaped member 177 is provided with
louvered openings (not shown). A baseplate 181 is mounted within
the U-shaped member 177 and is provided with downwardly depending
and inwardly extending leg portions 181a which are secured to the
U-shaped member 177 by screws 182 that are utilized for securing
the feet 179 to the U-shaped member 177. It can be seen from FIG.
16 that the leg portions 181a space the baseplate 181 a substantial
distance above the bottom of the U-shaped member 177 to permit air
to flow therebetween.
A cover 183 is mounted over the top of the U-shaped member 177 and
is provided with inwardly turned portions 183a which are secured to
the bottom of the U-shaped member 177 by thumbscrews 184. The
baseplate 181 is provided with an upturned portion 181b (see FIG.
15) for a purpose hereinafter described.
A socket 186 of a conventional type is mounted in a bracket 187
which is also of a conventional type. The bracket 187 is formed of
metal and is provided with a frontal portion 187a which has a large
hole 188 therein. The bracket 187 is mounted upon a pair of metal
posts 189 by screws 191. The posts 189 are secured to the baseplate
181 by screws 192. A lamp 194 of a suitable type, such as a
G.E.-type EKN axial quartz iodine lamp, is mounted in the socket
186 and engages the frontal portion 187a of the bracket 187. The
lamp 194, as is well known to those skilled in the art, has an
external reflector which is referenced with respect to the socket
186 so that the focused light which is emitted by the lamp 194 is
always focused at the same spot or focal point. This is true
because the reflector of the lamp 194 is always positioned in the
same manner in the socket 186. Thus, when the lamp 194 is replaced,
it still will reflect light to the same predetermined focal point.
This is important because it is the positioning of the reflector
rather than the filament of the lamp which determines where the
light will be focused. The lamp 194 produces a focused beam of
light of relatively high intensity.
Means is provided for cooling the lamp 194 and consists of a
centrifugal fan 196 which is mounted within the housing 197. The
fan 196 is mounted upon the baseplate 181 which has a hole (not
shown) therein through which air is drawn into the housing 197 by a
fan 198. The fan 198 is driven by a small electric motor 199
mounted on the housing 197. The fan 198 discharges the air through
a discharge outlet 201.
From FIG. 15 it can be seen that the lamp 194 is mounted on one
side of the baseplate 181, whereas the fan assembly 196 is mounted
on the other end of the baseplate. The air which is discharged from
the discharge outlet 201 of the fan assembly is directed slightly
upwardly by an inclined ramplike plate 202 mounted upon the
baseplate 181 between the fan assembly 196 and the lamp 194. One
end of the plate 202 is at a point which is below the discharge
outlet 201, whereas the other end of the plate is adjacent the
lower extremity of the lamp 194. From the arrangement shown, it can
be seen that the cooling air will be directed over the frontal
portion of the lamp 194 to cool the same.
A transformer 206 is provided for supplying power to the lamp 194
and to the motor 199 and is secured to the baseplate 181 to the
rear of the inclined plate 202. The transformer is provided with
wires 207 which connect the transformer to the socket 186 for the
lamp 194. Additional wires 208 from the transformer 206 are
connected to a rotary switch 209 which is provided with two decks.
The control switch 209 is mounted on the front panel 178 of the
U-shaped member 177 and is provided with a control knob 212 which
is accessible on the front of the panel. One deck is connected to
the motor 199 by wires 211 and the other deck is provided for
supplying various voltages to the lamp 194. Thus, for example, the
switch 209 can be provided with five steps through operation of the
control knob 212 for supplying five different voltages to the lamp
194 so that light beams of differing intensities can be provided
from the lamp 194. Two pieces 213 and 214 of heat-shrinkable tubing
are provided which cover the two separate decks of the control
switch 209 to insulate the same from each other. Another piece 216
of heat-shrinkable tubing is provided on the leads 208. The two
decks of the control switch 209 are connected so that the motor 199
is operating at all times that the lamp 194 is lit. A power cord
217 which is connected to a conventional source of supply such as
110-volts 60-cycle AC is also connected to the two decks of the
control switch 209. This power cord 217 is provided with a ground
wire 218 which is connected to the transformer 206.
A socket assembly 221 is mounted in the front panel 178 of the
U-shaped member 177. The socket assembly 221 consists of a
generally cylindrical member 222 which is provided with one portion
222a of a larger diameter and a portion 222b of a smaller diameter.
An annular groove 223 is provided in the portion 222b and has a
helical spring 224 disposed therein. As can be seen from FIG. 17,
the ends of the helical spring are connected so that the spring 224
is tensioned within the groove 223 and serves to retain the member
222 within the front panel 178. A bore 226 is provided in the
cylindrical member 222 and extends through the same. As can be seen
from FIG. 16, the bore 226 is inclined downwardly to the rear and
opens through the member 222 at a point which is adjacent to and
preferably exactly at the focal point of the beam which emanates
from the lamp 194. A split sleeve 227 is mounted within a larger
bore 228 axially aligned with bore 226 and has an inner diameter
which is the same as the inner diameter of the bore 226. Detent
means is provided for retaining the sleeve 227 within the bore 226
and consists of a ball 229 urged upwardly into engagement with a
hole 230 provided in the sleeve by a spring 231 seated in a well
232 provided in the member 222. The sleeve 227 is provided with a
slit 233 and a recess 234 which is diametrically opposed from the
slit 233. The recess 234 serves as a relief to permit the sleeve to
be squeezed together in the region of the slit 233 by means of a
setscrew 236 threaded into the member 222.
The cylindrical member 222 is also provided with a pair of smaller
bores 237 which extend straight through the member 222 and are
disposed generally below and slightly to opposite sides of the bore
226 as can be seen from FIG. 18. Detent means is provided for each
of the bores 237 and consists of a pin 238 slidably mounted in a
bore 239 which enters the bore 237 at right angles thereto as can
be seen from FIG. 17. The pin 238 is provided with a head portion
238a which is slidably mounted in a larger axially aligned bore
241. The pin 238 is yieldably urged in a direction towards the bore
237 by the spring 231 which engages the head portion of the pin
238.
A large fiber optics cable 246 is adapted to be mounted in the
large hole 226, whereas smaller fiber optics cables 247 are adapted
to be mounted in the bores 237. The cables 246 and 247 are
constructed in a manner similar to that hereinbefore described. The
principal difference being that the larger cable 246 is provided
with a substantially greater number of glass fibers. The cable 246
is provided with tubular metal fittings 248 at each end into which
the glass fibers extend. Either end of the cable 246 may be placed
in the large bore 226 and secured therein by tightening the
setscrew 236 which clamps the sleeve 227 about the fitting 248 to
retain the same therein. The cable 247 is substantially identical
to the cable 13.
A Z-shaped bracket 243 is provided for mounting the housing or case
176 upon a wall or other suitable structure. One portion of the
bracket extends through a slot 244 provided in the cover 183. The
bracket 243 is provided with holes which can receive screws or the
like for fastening the bracket to a wall.
A holder 251 somewhat different than the holder 78 provided in the
embodiments previously described is mounted on the end of the
cables 247. The end of the fiber optics bundle of the cable 247 is
mounted in an end fitting 252 of a suitable material such as
stainless steel and which is provided with a swaged portion 252a. A
helical coil spring 253 is mounted on the cable 247 below the
fitting 252 and is provided with one portion 253a which is tightly
compressed and which serves as a tension spring and another portion
253b which has been stretched to provide a compression spring. A
knurled ferrule 254 is threaded onto the tension spring portion
253a of the spring 253. The ferrule 254 has a slot 256 formed
therein which serves as the female portion of a bayonet-type
connector. A split retainer 258 is mounted on the other end of the
spring 253 and is provided with a portion 258a which is adapted to
fit within the spring portion 253b as shown in FIG. 19. The
retainer 258 engages the swaged portion 252a of the fitting 252 and
prevents the spring from coming off of the cable 247. An elongate
tube 259 formed of a suitable material such as stainless steel is
mounted over the end of the cable 247 and over the spring 253. The
tube 259 has an outer surface which has the appearance of alligator
hide. This is formed by a helical groove 261 which extends
substantially the entire length of the tube and by
circumferentially spaced, longitudinally extending grooves 262.
This exterior surface which is provided on the tube 259 serves to
facilitate gripping of the holder 251 by the dentist. An alignment
and retainer bushing 264 is mounted within the tube adjacent one
end of the same and is held in place by the helical grooves 261
formed in the tube. The bushing 264 is provided with a central bore
266 which is chamfered at both ends as can be seen from FIG. 19. A
dimple or indentation 267 is provided at each end of the tube 259.
When placing the tube 259 on the cable 247, the tube is positioned
so that the fitting 252 enters the tube and seats in the bore 266.
Thereafter, the tube 259 is pushed downwardly toward the ferrule
254 to compress the spring portion 253b until the dimple passes
into the slot 256 of the ferrule 254 and is locked in place. The
compression spring portion 253=b ensures that the fitting 252 is
firmly urged into the bore 266. The tension spring portion 253a
serves as a strain relief for the cable 247.
A tapered and knurled ferrule 269 is mounted on the other end of
the tube 259. The ferrule 269 is also provided with a slot 270
identical to the slot 256 which is adapted to receive the dimple
267 at the other end of the tube 259 and to retain the ferrule
within the tube 259. The ferrule 269 carries an appropriate dental
tool as, for example, a transilluminator 271 which is similar to
the transilluminator 141. As previously described, it includes a
bundle of fibers which are mounted within a fitting 272 which has a
swaged portion 272a that is mounted in the tapered ferrule 269.
Operation and use of the dental apparatus shown in FIGS. 13-18 is
very similar to that hereinbefore described. The principal
difference is that in the present apparatus a large or main cable
246 is provided which can be looped over the patient's shoulder, as
shown in FIG. 13, and directed so that the light emanating from the
fitting 248 provided at the end of the cable is directed into the
patient's mouth to provide general illumination within the
patient's mouth. Thus, it is possible for the dentist to utilize
such means for supplying the necessary illumination to the mouth to
perform his dental operations. If the dentist sees fit, this can be
utilized as the sole means for illuminating the mouth and then the
conventional dental instruments can be utilized if the dentist so
desires. However, since the light source is available, the dentist
can readily use the dental tools of the type hereinbefore described
which are provided with auxiliary illumination. Thus, there is
shown a dental mirror 273 similar to that hereinbefore described
and which is mounted in a manner similar to the manner in which the
transilluminator 271 is mounted as shown in FIGS. 19 and 20.
With the arrangement shown in FIG. 13, it can be seen that the
dentist can peer into the patient's mouth without any danger of his
head blocking the light entering the patient's mouth since the
illumination will be supplied by the cable 246 immediately adjacent
to the mouth and the illumination which may be provided with the
dental tools that are utilized by the dentist.
A dental tool as shown in FIG. 21 makes possible the use of a
conventional dental mirror. It consists of a cone-shaped socket
member 276 formed of suitable material such aluminum which is
provided with a central passage 277 extending longitudinally
therethrough and which is adapted to receive a straight fiber optic
member 278. The member 278 is formed of a stainless steel tube 279
which has a fiber optic bundle therein and which is provided with a
swaged portion 279a adapted to seat within the socket member 276.
The fiber optic member 278 is adapted to be inserted in an
alignment bushing 264 of the type hereinbefore described and which
can be mounted in a holder 251 of the type also hereinbefore
described. For this purpose, the cone-shaped socket member 276 is
provided with a slot 281 similar to the slot 270 in FIG. 20 to
permit locking the handle in place. The cone-shaped bushing 276 is
provided with an outwardly extending portion 276a which is provided
with a small threaded bore 282 into which is threaded the shank
portion 283a of a holder 283 which carries a mirror 284. Thus, it
can be seen that the mirror 284 with its holder can be threaded
into the portion 276 in such a manner that the light emanating from
the straight fiber optic bundle member 278 will be directed onto
the mirror 284 to provide the desired illumination for the
dentist.
From the foregoing it can be seen that a number of dental tools can
be constructed in such a manner that they can be readily mounted in
the holder 251.
An alternative arrangement is shown in FIGS. 22-25 which shows a
different manner for mounting the dental tools. Thus, there is
shown a cone-shaped socket member 286 which is provided with a
split 287 extending longitudinally of the same. Alternatively, if
desired, the split socket member 286 could be termed a split
ferrule. The socket member or ferrule 286 is provided with a
passage 288 which extends longitudinally through the same and which
opens into a larger bore or passage 289. A straight fiber optics
member 291 is provided which is formed of a suitable material, such
as a stainless steel tube 292, that carries the fibers. A clip 293
is secured to the tube 292 adjacent one end of the same and has a
pair of spaced, generally parallel upstanding wing portions 293a.
The clip 293 is adapted to seat within the bore 289 and the
upstanding wings seat within the split 287 to prevent rotation of
the fiber optics member 291.
It should be appreciated that alternatively, if desired, the fiber
optics member can be provided with clips which can be utilized for
securing the fiber optics member to the dental tool in the
appropriate place.
It is apparent from the foregoing that the flexible light cables
can be utilized in conjunction with the light source to provide the
necessary illumination for the dentist to conduct his operations.
Thus, as hereinbefore described, a main cable can be utilized for
providing general illumination within the mouth and then additional
illumination can be provided by connecting small cables to the
light source and connecting the light cables to the dental tools or
instruments in such a manner that they provide additional or
auxiliary illumination in the immediate location where the tool is
being held.
It is also apparent that the teaching herein can be incorporated in
other types of instruments as, for example, medical instruments
where it is difficult to obtain sufficient illumination. For
example, such a light source and cable could readily be used with
otoscopes and protoscopes.
The construction of the light cable is particularly advantageous
because the spring prevents crushing of the fiber in the fiber
optic bundle as the bundle is bent. The spring also generally
limits the angle to which the cable can be bent without destroying
its flexibility. The light source is constructed in such a manner
that it is relatively compact and can be readily moved from one
location to another.
* * * * *