Process For The Dyeing And Printing Of Textile Material Made Of Hydrophobic Polyesters

Abstract

Process for dyeing or printing textile materials made from hydrophobic polyester fibers with dye liquors or inks containing water-dispersible dyestuff and a liquid auxiliary mixture comprising a fiber-swelling agent such as o-phenylphenol, a protective colloid such as polyvinylalcohol, a water-miscible organic solvent, water and optionally for use in dye liquors containing nonionogenic additives a sulfosuccinate or the like anion-active agent whereby foam formation during dyeing or printing is eliminated or at least greatly reduced.

Description

This present invention relates to a process for dyeing or printing textile material of hydrophobic polyesters, particularly of linear polyesters, or cellulose triacetate in an aqueous medium in the presence of a fiber-swelling agent which acts as a dyeing accelerator. The invention also concerns the dyeing liquors or printing pastes suitable for the process, the compositions of substances acting as dyeing accelerators, as well as the material dyed or printed according to this process.

As is known, special auxiliary agents known as carriers or dyeing accelerators, have to be used for the dyeing of polyester fibers and cellulose triacetate fibers by means of dispersion dyestuffs at temperatures up to approximately 100.degree. C. These carriers are aliphatic, aromatic or aliphatic-aromatic compounds, ranging from those which are completely or partially water-soluble to those which are insoluble in water. These compounds produce a loosening up of the fiber structure, thus facilitating a diffusion of the dyestuff into the fibers. Of the materials producing these swelling effects, the phenylphenols are especially suitable. The disadvantage of these compounds is, however, that it is comparatively difficult to produce from them aqueous emulsions which are stable on heating. Since preparations in paste form of such swelling agents are difficult to handle, in that they necessitate the boiling of a stock solution in order to obtain a fine dispersion in the liquor, liquid carrier preparations have been developed which can be added directly to the dyeing bath. Such liquid preparations, for example, consist of solutions of phenylphenols in organic solvents. The emulsions obtainable in this manner were often insufficiently stable on heating. Attempts have been made to overcome the difficulty by adding certain surfactants or "tensides" to the carrier solution. However, this has the disadvantage that an undesirable and troublesome amount of foam is produced during the dyeing process, associated with an unfavorable effect on the dye yield.

A process has now been found for the dyeing or printing of organic textile material of hydrophobic polyesters which avoids these disadvantages. The new process comprises dyeing or printing said textile material with a dye liquor or ink containing

A. A WATER-DISPERSIBLE MIXTURE; AND

B. AN AUXILIARY MIXTURE COMPRISING

.alpha.--a fiber-swelling agent,

.beta.--a protective colloid,

.gamma.--a water-miscible organic solvent,

.delta.--water, and optionally for use in the dye liquors

Containing nonionogenic additives (.epsilon.) a sulfosuccinate or the like anion-active agent, whereby foam formation during dyeing or printing is eliminated or at least greatly reduced.

More in particular, said auxiliary mixture contains, per 100 parts by weight thereof;

at least 0.1 and not more than about 65 parts by weight of component (.alpha.);

at least one and not more than five parts by weight of component (.beta.);

at least 30 and not more than 90 parts by weight of component (.gamma.);

at least two and not more than 20 parts by weight of component (.delta.); and

from zero to not more than 10 parts by weight of component (.epsilon.).

Suitable as hydrophobic polyester textile material are, e.g., cellulose triacetate fibers and, in particular, the linear polyester fibers of aromatic polycarboxylic acids with polyfunctional alcohols such as, e.g., polyethyleneglycol terephthalate or poly-(1,4-cyclohexanedimethylol-terephthalate) fibers. These materials can be used together in the form of mixed fabrics or together with other fibers, e.g., polyester-wool fabric, polyester-cotton fabric or polyester-polyacrylonitrile mixed fabrics.

The water-dispersible dyestuffs used, which are difficultly soluble in water and which are present in the dyeing liquor mainly in the form of a fine suspension, can belong to the most varied classes of dyestuffs, for example, the azo, anthraquinone, acridone, perinone, quinophthalone, styryl or nitro dyestuffs.

The mixture of auxiliary agents which can be used as dyeing accelerators according to the invention, may be composed of the following components: a finely dispersed fiber-swelling agent, a protective colloid, a water-miscible organic solvent and water.

Suitable as the fiber-swelling agent are the usual compounds which can be used for the dyeing of polyester and cellulose triacetate textiles, principally however phenylphenols, especially o-phenylphenol or its water-soluble alkali metal salts.

As protective colloids, hydrophilic polymers, for example, gum arabic, gelatine, but especially polyvinyl alcohol or other analogously acting compounds, can be used.

As water-miscible organic solvents those may be used, in which the carrier, in particular, o-phenylphenol, is soluble, for example, lower alkanediols, such as 1,3-propanediol, or especially ethylene glycol; lower alkoxy-lower alkanol, such as 2-ethoxy ethanol; also N-methyl pyrrolidone, as well as formamide, dimethyl formamide, dimethyl acetamide, acetonitrile and similar dipolar, aprotic solvents.

"Lower" used in this application and the appended claims in connection with an aliphatic radical means that such radical has at most five carbon atoms.

An especially advantageous composition of the mixture of the auxiliary agents, comprises o-phenylphenol, polyvinyl alcohol, ethylene glycol and water.

The new auxiliary mixture for use in dye liquors containing nonionogenic additives contain a sulfosuccinate or the like anion-active agent.

Suitable as sulfosuccinates are, in particular, the dialkyl esters of the sodium salt of sulfosuccinic acid, wherein each alkyl radical has from four to 12 carbon atoms, e.g., di-isobutyl-sodium-sulfosuccinate, di-n-amyl-sodium-sulfosuccinate, di-n-hexyl-sodium-sulfosuccinate, di-n-octyl-sodium-sulfosuccinate, di-n-dodecyl-sodium-sulfosuccinate and, in particular, di-iso-octyl-sodium-sulfosuccinate.

In this case a particularly advantageous composition of the mixture of auxiliary agents comprises o-phenylphenol, polyvinyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, water and at least one part by weight of dialkyl-sodium-sulfosuccinate wherein each alkyl has from four to 12 carbon atoms.

The mixture of auxiliary agents is produced by first dissolving, while heating, the polyvinyl alcohol and optionally the dialkyl sulfosuccinate in the appropriate amount of water. A solution of o-phenylphenol in ethylene glycol is prepared at the same time and the two solutions are combined, while stirring, at 50.degree. to 60.degree. C. The aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution can also be mixed with the ethylene glycol and the o-phenylphenol and optionally the dialkyl sulfosuccinate dissolved in this mixture. A clear to slightly opalescent, almost colorless solution is obtained in both cases.

Relative to the dry weight of the fibers to be colored, the dye bath or ink can contain 1 to 40 percent, preferably 5 to 20 percent of these mixtures of auxiliary agents, depending on the ratio of liquor to material.

In addition to the dyestuff and the mixture of auxiliary agents, the dyebath can optionally contain further additives commonly used for the dyeing or printing of polyester and cellulose triacetate fibers. These additives can be, for example, compounds which increase the color yield and brilliancy of the dyeings, such as condensation products from naphthalene sulfonic acids and formaldehyde, condensation products from higher fatty acids with aminoalkyl sulfonates, such as taurine, or sulfated addition products of ethylene oxide with higher fatty acids, also salts such as sodium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, sodium or ammonium phosphates and ammonium polyphosphates, acids such as sulfuric acid, acetic acid or formic acid.

The dyeing of the textile material can be carried out applying the usual carrier-dye process with dispersion dyestuffs, whereby the standard dyeing equipment is employed, i.e., winch vat, jigger, star, cheese dyeing or beam-type dyeing equipment. Thus, for example, the material to be dyed is run through in the bath at 60.degree. to 70.degree. C. with the mixture of auxiliary agents being used as a dyeing accelerator, whereby the bath has been adjusted to a pH value of 3-6.5, preferably 5, and optionally contains the above-mentioned additional additives. The dyestuff is then added as an aqueous suspension and the temperature continuously increased up to the boiling temperature and, if pressure equipment be used, up to 100.degree. C. Dyeing proceeds at this temperature for 1 to 2 hours. The dyeing is subsequently washed with water and dried preferably at temperatures above 100.degree. C., e.g., at 120.degree. C.

Also printing of the textile material is carried out using standard methods. For example, the fabric is printed using the printing paste, which in addition to the dyestuff, the thickener and the usual additives, such as e.g., urea, also contains the mixture of auxiliary agents being used as a dyeing accelerator in accordance with the invention. The dyestuff is subsequently fixed by steaming for 15-50 minutes at 100.degree.-120.degree. C. The printing is completed by rinsing and resoaping.

The advantages of the preparation, applicable according to the invention, of the dyeing accelerator, lie principally in the fact that, compared with previously known preparations with a content of specific tensides, the troublesome foam formation during dyeing is very greatly reduced or eliminated, and that the color yield with a given amount of active substance is increased. Furthermore, undesirable effects are also avoided, which can occur in consequence of the incompatibility of such tenside with the dispersion agents already contained in the dye liquors. In addition there is the fact that the dyeing accelerator, used according to the invention, is in the form of a liquid which is easy to handle. Moreover, by using a solution which is clear under the dyeing conditions, the danger of solid residues remaining on the fiber is avoided.

The following examples illustrate the invention. The temperatures are given in degrees Centigrade. EXAMPLE 1

25 g. of polyester fabric are introduced into 1,000 ml. of dyeing liquor heated to 65.degree. and containing 0.5 g. of ammonium sulphate, 0.1 g. of sodium pyrophosphate (neutral, anhydrous), 0.5 g. of a condensation product from napthalene sulphonic acid and formaldehyde, 0.5 g. of a reaction product of methyl taurine with oleic-acid chloride and 5.0 g. of a mixture comprising 2.25 g. of o-phenylphenol, 2.05 g. of ethylene glycol, 0.125 g. of di-iso-octyl sodium sulphosuccinate (85%), 0.125 g. of polyvinyl alcohol (mean ester number 20-200, viscosity of a 4 percent aqueous solution: 4-50 c.p.s. at 20.degree.) and 0.45 g. of water. The textile material is treated for 15 minutes at the same temperature. To the clear bath are added 50 ml. of an aqueous suspension heated to ca. 60.degree. and containing 0.5 g. of the dyestuff having the following formula ##SPC1##

and 0.3 g. of a reaction product of methyl taurine with oleic-acid chloride. Dyeing is performed for a further 15 minutes at 65.degree. and the temperature is then increased successively within 45 minutes up to the boiling point with further dyeing for 90 minutes while boiling.

The liquor is then cooled and the fabric rinsed with water at 60.degree., and with water at 20.degree., followed by drying at 120.degree.. A very pure blue dyeing is obtained in this manner.

The mixture used as dyeing accelerator is produced by firstly dissolving 2.5 percent by weight of the polyvinyl alcohol in 9 percent by weight of water, while stirring and heating to 60.degree.-80.degree., followed by 2.5 percent by weight of di-iso-octyl sodium sulphosuccinate. 41 percent by weight of ethylene glycol are then added and, while stirring and at ca. 40.degree.-50.degree., 45 percent by weight of o-phenylphenol are dissolved in this mixture. Corresponding solutions of polyvinyl alcohol and of di-iso-octyl sodium sulphosuccinate in water and o-phenylphenol in ethylene glycol can also be mixed together while stirring and at 40.degree.-50.degree..

If, in the above example, an equivalent amount of the Na-salt of o-phenylphenol is used instead of o-phenylphenol, it is to be recommended that ca. 10 percent (relative to the weight of the dyeing-accelerator mixture) of an organic acid, e.g., 85 percent formic acid, be added, so that the pH value of the bath does not exceed 6.5 to 7.

If, in the above example 1, with otherwise the same procedure, instead of 5 g. of a mixture consisting of 2.25 g. o-phenylphenol, 2.05 g. ethyleneglycol, 0.125 g. di-iso-octyl sodium sulphosuccinate, 0.125 g. polyvinyl alcohol and 0.45 g. water, 5 g. of a mixture consisting of:

2.5 g. o-phenylphenol;

0.1 g. polyvinylalcohol;

0.125 g. di-iso-octyl-sodium-sulfosuccinate;

0.4 g. water; and

1.875 g. ethylene glycol; or

7.5 g. of a mixture consisting of

2.25 g. o-phenylphenol;

0.075 g. polyvinylalcohol;

0.15 g. di-iso-octyl-sodium-sulfosuccinate;

0.750 g. water; and

4.275 g. ethylene glycol

is used, then a very pure blue dyeing is also obtained.

EXAMPLE 2

100 g. of a polyester-wool mixed yarn (67:33) are introduced into 1,000 ml. of dyeing liquor heated to 65.degree. and containing 0.5 g. of ammonium sulphate, 0.1 g. of sodium pyrophosphate (neutral, anhydrous), 1.0 ml. of acetic acid, 1.0 g. of a condensation product from naphthalene sulphonic acid and formaldehyde and 5.0 g. of a mixture, consisting of 2.25 g. of o-phenylphenol, 0.125 g. of di-iso-octyl sodium sulphosuccinate (85%), 2.05 g. of ethylene glycol, 0.125 g. of polyvinyl alcohol (mean ester number 100-200; viscosity of a 5 percent aqueous solution: 4-50 c.p.s. at 20.degree.) and 0.45 g. of water. The textile material is then treated for 15 minutes at the same temperature. To the clear bath are added 50 ml. of an aqueous suspension heated to 60.degree. and containing 0.6 g. of a reaction product of methyl taurine with oleic-acid chloride, 1.0 g. of the dyestuff having the following formula: ##SPC2##

and 0.6 g. of the 1:2 chromium complex of the dyestuff 2-amino-4-methylsulphonylphenol 1-3'-chlorophenyl-3-methylpyrazol-5-one. Dyeing is performed for a further 15 minutes at 65.degree. and the temperature is then increased within 45 minutes up the boiling point with further dyeing for 90 minutes while boiling. The liquor is then cooled to 60.degree. and the textile material is first rinsed in water at 60.degree. and then in water at 20.degree., followed by drying at 120.degree.. An orange dyeing of high color intensity is obtained in this manner.

EXAMPLE 3

33.3 g. of a polyester-cotton mixed fabric (65:35) are introduced into 1,000 ml. of dyeing liquor heated to 65.degree. and containing 0.5 g. of ammonium sulphate, 0.5 g. of a condensation product from naphthalene sulphonic acid and formaldehyde, 0.5 g. of a reaction product of methyltaurine with oleic-acid chloride and 5.0 g. of a mixture consisting of 2.25 g. of o-phenylphenol, 0.125 g. of di-iso-butyl sodium sulphosuccinate (85percent), 2.05 g. of ethylene glycol, 0.125 g. of polyvinyl alcohol (mean ester number 100-200; viscosity of a 4 percent aqueous solution: 4-50 c.p.s. at 20.degree.) and 0.45 g. of water. The textile material is treated for 15 minutes at the same temperature. To the clear bath are added 50 ml. of an aqueous suspension heated to ca. 60.degree. and containing 0.5 g. of the same dyestuff as in example 1 and 0.3 g. of sodium-diisobutylnaphthalene-sulphonate. Dyeing is performed for a further 15 minutes at 65.degree. and the temperature is increased successively within 45 minutes up to the boiling point. While boiling, dyeing is performed for 90 minutes. The textile material is then rinsed with water at 60.degree. and then in a new bath (ratio of material to liquor 1:30), which contains 3 ml./l. of sodium hydroxide solution (38.degree. B.), 2 g./l. of sodium dithionite, 1 g./l. of a condensation product from 1 mol of coconut oil fatty acid and 2 mols of diethanolamine, the textile material is treated for 30 minutes at 80.degree.. It is then well rinsed and the cotton constituent is dyed as usual.

EXAMPLE 4

25 g. of polyester fabric are introduced into 1,000 ml. of dyeing liquor heated to 65.degree. and containing 0.5 g. of ammonium sulphate, 0.1 g. of sodium pyrophosphate (neutral, anhydrous), 0.5 g. of a condensation product from naphthalene sulphonic acid and formaldehyde, 0.5 g. of a reaction product of methyl taurine with oleic-acid chloride and 5.0 g. of a mixture comprising 2.5 g. of o-phenylphenol, 2.0 g. of ethylene glycol, 0.15 g. of polyvinyl alcohol (mean ester number 20-200; viscosity of a 4 percent aqueous solution: 4-50 c.p.s. at 20.degree.) and 0.35 g. of water. The textile material is treated for 15 minutes at the same temperature. To the clear bath are added 50 ml. of an aqueous suspension heated to ca. 60.degree. and containing 0.5 g. of the dyestuff having the following formula: ##SPC3##

and 0.3 g. of a reaction product of methyl taurine with oleic-acid chloride. Dyeing is performed for a further 15 minutes at 65.degree. and the temperature is then increased successively within 45 minutes up to the boiling point with further dyeing for 90 minutes while boiling.

The liquor is then cooled and the fabric rinsed with water at 60.degree., and with water at 20.degree., followed by drying at 120.degree.. A very pure blue dyeing is obtained in this manner.

The mixture used as a dyeing accelerator is produced by first dissolving 3 percent by weight of the polyvinyl alcohol in 7 percent by weight of water, while stirring and heating to 60.degree.-80.degree.. 40 percent by weight of ethylene glycol is then added and, while stirring and at ca. 40.degree.-50.degree., 50 percent by weight of o-phenylphenol is dissolved in this mixture. Corresponding solutions of polyvinyl alcohol in water and o-phenylphenol in ethylene glycol can also be mixed together while stirring and at 40.degree.-50.degree..

If, in the above example, an equivalent amount of the Na-salt of o-phenylphenol is used instead of o-phenylphenol, it is to be recommended that ca. 10 percent (relative to the weight of the dyeing-accelerator mixture) of an organic acid, e.g., 85 percent formic acid, be added, so that the pH value of the bath does not exceed 6.5 to 7.

If, in the above example 4, with otherwise the same procedure, instead of 5 g. of a mixture consisting of 2.5 g. of o-phenylphenol, 2.0 g. of ethylene glycol, 0.15 g. of polyvinyl alcohol and 0.35 g. of water;

5 g. of a mixture consisting of:

2.5 g. o-phenylphenol;

2.0 g. ethylene glycol;

0.1 g. polyvinyl alcohol; and

0.4 g. water; or

5 g. of a mixture consisting of:

2.25 g. o-phenylphenol;

0.125 g. polyvinylalcohol;

2.175 g. ethylene glycol; and

0.45 g. water

is used, then a very pure blue dyeing is also obtained.

EXAMPLE 5

100 g. of a polyester-wool mixed yarn (67:33) are introduced into 1,000 ml. of dyeing liquor heated to 65.degree. and containing 0.5 g. of ammonium sulphate, 0.1 g. of sodium pyrophosphate (neutral, anhydrous), 1.0 ml. of acetic acid, 1.0 g. of a condensation product from naphthalene sulphonic acid and formaldehyde and 5.0 g. of a mixture, consisting of 2.5 g. of o-phenylphenol, 2.0 g. of ethylene glycol, 0.15 g. of polyvinyl alcohol (mean ester number 100-200; viscosity of a 4 percent aqueous solution: 4-50 c.p.s. at 20.degree.) and 0.35 g. of water. The textile material is then treated for 15 minutes at the same temperature. To the clear bath are added 50 ml. of an aqueous suspension heated to 60.degree. and containing 0.6 g. of a reaction product of methyl taurine with oleic-acid chloride, 1.0 g. of the dyestuff having the following formula ##SPC4##

and 0.6 g. of the 1:2 chromium complex of the dyestuff 2-amino-4-methylsulphonylphenol 1-(3'-chlorophenyl)-3-methylpyrazol-5-one. Dyeing is performed for a further 15 minutes at 65.degree. and the temperature is then increased within 45 minutes up to the boiling point with further dyeing for 90 minutes while boiling. The liquor is then cooled to 60.degree. and the textile material is firstly rinsed in water at 60.degree. and then in water at 20.degree., followed by drying at 120.degree.. An orange dyeing of high color intensity is obtained in this manner.

If, in the above example 5, with otherwise the same procedure, instead of 5 g. of a mixture consisting of 2.5 g. o-phenylphenol, 2.0 g. ethyleneglycol, 0.15 g. polyvinylalcohol and 0.35 g. water;

7.5 g. of a mixture consisting of:

2.25 g. o-phenylphenol;

0.15 g. polyvinylalcohol,

0.75 g. water and

4.350 g. ethyleneglycol, or

5.0 g. of a mixture consisting of:

2.25 g. o-phenylphenol,

0.05 g. polyvinylalcohol,

0.5 g. water and

2.2 g. ethylene glycol, or

4.0 g. of a mixture consisting of:

2.2 g. o-phenylphenol,

0.08 g. polyvinylalcohol,

0.24 g. water and

1.48 g. ethyleneglycol

is used, then an orange dyeing of high color intensity is also obtained.

EXAMPLE 6

33.3 g. of a polyester-cotton mixed fabric (65:35) are introduced into 1,000 ml. of dyeing liquor heated to 65.degree. and containing 0.5 g. of ammonium sulphate, 0.5 g. of a condensation product from napthalene sulphonic acid and formaldehyde, 0.5 g. of reaction product of methyltaurine with oleic-acid chloride and 5.0 g. of a mixture consisting of 2.5 g. of o-phenylphenol, 2.0 g. of ethylene glycol, 0.15 g. of polyvinyl alcohol (mean ester number 100-200; viscosity of a 4 percent aqueous solution: 4-50 c.p.s. at 20.degree.) and 0.35 g. of water. The textile material is treated for 15 minutes at the same temperature. To the clear bath are added 50 ml. of an aqueous suspension heated to ca. 60.degree. and containing 0.5 g. of the same dyestuff as in example 1 and 0.3 g. of sodium-diisobutylnaphthalene-sulphonate. Dyeing is performed for a further 15 minutes at 65.degree. and the temperature is increased successively within 45 minutes up to the boiling point. While boiling, dyeing is performed for 90 minutes. The textile material is then rinsed with water at 60.degree. and then in a new bath (ratio of material to liquor 1:30), which contains 3 ml./l. of sodium hydroxide solution (38.degree.B.), 2 g./l. of sodium dithionite, 1 g./l. of a condensation product from 1 mol of coconut oil fatty acid and 2 mols of diethanolamine, the textile material is treated for 30 minutes at 80.degree.. It is then well rinsed and the cotton constituent is dyed as usual.

Claims

We claim:

1. A process for the coloring of textile material selected from fibers of linear high-molecular esters of aromatic polycarboxylic acids and polyfunctional alcohols and fibers of cellulose triacetate, comprising dyeing or printing said textile material with a dye liquor or ink containing:

a. a water-dispersible dyestuff; and

b. an auxiliary mixture consisting essentially of;

.alpha.--a fiber-swelling agent;

.beta.--a polyvinylalcohol;

.gamma.--a water-miscible organic solvent;

.delta.--water, and, optionally;

.epsilon.--a dialkyl sodium sulfosuccinate.

2. Process as described in claim 1, wherein said auxiliary mixture contains, per 100 parts by weight thereof;

at least 0.1 and not more than about 65 parts by weight of component (.alpha.);

at least one and not more than 5 parts by weight of component (.beta.);

at least 30 and not more than 90 parts by weight of component (.gamma.);

at least two and not more than 20 parts by weight of component (.delta.); and

from 0 to not more than 10 parts by weight of component (.epsilon.).

3. A process as described in claim 2, wherein said auxiliary mixture is present in said dyeing liquor or ink in an amount of 1 to 40 percent calculated on the dry weight of the textile material to be colored.

4. A process as described in claim 3, wherein said auxiliary mixture consists essentially of:

o-phenylphenol as component (.alpha.);

polyvinylalcohol as component (.beta.);

ethylene glycol as component (.gamma.);

water, and no component (.epsilon.).

5. A process as described in claim 3, wherein said auxiliary mixture consists essentially of:

o-phenylphenol as component (.alpha.);

polyvinylalcohol as component (.beta.);

ethylene glycol as component (.gamma.);

water, and dialkylsodium-sulfosuccinate as component (.epsilon.)

wherein each alkyl has from four to 12 carbon atoms.

6. A process as described in claim 3, wherein the water-miscible organic solvent is selected from lower alkanediols, lower alkoxy-lower alkanols, N-methyl-pyrrolidone, formamide, dimethyl formamide, dimethyl-acetamide and acetonitrile.