U.S. patent number 3,636,982 [Application Number 05/011,623] was granted by the patent office on 1972-01-25 for internal finned tube and method of forming same.
This patent grant is currently assigned to The Patterson-Kelley Co., Inc.. Invention is credited to Charles E. Drake.
United States Patent |
3,636,982 |
Drake |
January 25, 1972 |
INTERNAL FINNED TUBE AND METHOD OF FORMING SAME
Abstract
A tube-type heat exchanger wherein a fin member, including a
central core portion and a plurality of fins extending radially
therefrom, is located within a tube such that the fins have a close
interference fit with the inner wall of the tube. The core portion
is composed of a plurality of axially spaced segments, and the fins
bridge a space between and interconnect adjacent segments. The
space between adjacent segments establishes communication across
the core portion between flow paths bounded radially of the core
portion by the tubular member and fins. The core portion is
segmented subsequent to extrusion forming of the fin member by
directing a cutting member into engagement with the core portion
along a line extending transversely of the fin member.
Inventors: |
Drake; Charles E. (Stroudsburg,
PA) |
Assignee: |
The Patterson-Kelley Co., Inc.
(East Stroudsburg, PA)
|
Family
ID: |
21751264 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/011,623 |
Filed: |
February 16, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
138/38; 165/179;
165/109.1; 165/186 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F28F
1/40 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F28F
1/40 (20060101); F28F 1/10 (20060101); F28f
013/12 () |
Field of
Search: |
;165/109,179,186
;138/38 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Sukalo; Charles
Claims
I claim:
1. In a heat exchange tube construction including an outer tubular
member, and an internal fin member disposed within and extending
axially of said tubular member, said fin member having a central
core portion and a plurality of fins joined to and extending
radially from said core portion, said fins being elongated axially
of said core portion and each being radially outwardly bounded by
an outer edge portion, said fin outer edge portions being joined to
an inner surface of said tubular member for providing an intimate
heat-conductive engagement between said fin member and said tubular
member, the improvement wherein:
said core portion is composed of a plurality of axially spaced
segments, and said fins bridge a space between and interconnect
adjacent segments, said space between adjacent segments
establishing communication across said core portion between flow
paths bounded radially of said core portion by said tubular member
and said fins.
2. The improvement in a heat exchange tube according to claim 1,
wherein portions of said fins bridging said space are radially
inwardly bounded by free inner edge portions, said inner edge
portions defining notches opening towards said space and having
radial dimensions less than the radial dimension of their
associated fins.
3. The improvement in a heat exchange tube according to claim 1,
wherein said core portion and said fins are integrally formed.
4. The improvement in a heat exchange tube according to claim 3,
wherein said fins are spiraled relative to the longitudinal axis of
said fin member.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In U.S. Pat. No. 3,394,736 there is disclosed a fin-type heat
exchanger, wherein a fin member having a central core portion and a
plurality of fins extending radially therefrom is placed within a
tubular member and the tubular member swaged, drawn, or otherwise
reduced in diameter so as to form an intimate interference
engagement between the radial outer edges of the fins and the inner
surface of the tubular member. By interconnecting the fin and
tubular members in this manner, there is obtained a very effective
heat transfer connection. Heat exchangers of this type have found
use in refrigeration systems, wherein the medium to be cooled is
exposed to the exterior of the tubular member and refrigerant is
passed through the tubular member along flow paths defined by the
fins.
Primary features of the tubular heat exchanger disclosed by the
aforementioned patent are the arranging of the fins in a spiraled
relationship relative to the longitudinal axis of the fin member
and the provision of openings at axially spaced locations in the
fins immediately adjacent the inner surface of the tubular member.
The openings establish communication between adjacent flow paths
defined by the tubular member and the fins, whereas movement of the
medium through the openings is encouraged by the centrifugal forces
acting upon the medium as a result of the spiraling of the fins.
The provision of openings in the fins adjacent the inner surface of
the tubular member is intended to prevent unequal ratios of
refrigerant and gas from existing in the various flow paths in an
effort to maintain the heat absorbing characteristics of the heat
exchanger consistent throughout the circumference of the tubular
member.
One drawback of the above mentioned heat exchanger is its increased
construction costs, due to the fact that each fin opening requires
a separate punching or other machining operation. Furthermore, care
must be exercised during the fin opening forming operation and
subsequent fin member handling operations to prevent deformation of
the radially outer free edge areas of the fins immediately adjacent
the openings. Such deformation of the fins would tend to interfere
with or prevent insertion and/or joining of the fin member with the
tubular member, and if not corrected prior to joining of the
members would result in partial blockage of the refrigerant flow
paths into which the deformed areas of the fins extend.
Further, normal refrigerant flow rates do not for practical
purposes, permit a single set of fin openings arranged at any given
point along the heat exchanger to equalize conditions existing in
all of the flow paths at such point. This problem becomes
increasingly acute as the number of fins or flow paths increases,
since equalizing of conditions may require the passage of medium
transversely of several adjacent flow paths. While uniform
conditions could of course be established by increasing the number
of openings per unit length of the heat exchanger, the machine
costs would likely render the resultant heat exchanger financially
noncompetitive with similar but less effective products.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an improved fin-type tube heat
exchanger of the type described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,394,736 and to a
method of forming same. More particularly, the present invention
provides an improved fin member construction, which insures uniform
heat characteristics throughout the circumferential dimension of
the tubular member, while overcoming the disadvantages inherent in
prior art constructions.
In accordance with the present invention the fin member is provided
with a core portion composed of a plurality of segments, which are
interconnected in axially spaced relationship by the fins. The
space between adjacent segments is effective to simultaneously
establish free flow communication between all of the flow paths
defined by the fin and tubular members, thereby resulting in
uniform heat exchange conditions within the several flow paths
regardless of number.
In the preferred form of the invention, the free inner edges of
portions of the fins bridging the space between adjacent segments
define notches, which open towards the space and serve to
facilitate flow between adjacent flow paths bounded by fins with
which the notches are associated. The nonnotched portions of the
fins, which bridge the space between adjacent segments, cooperate
to maintain rigidity of the fin member. Furthermore, with this
construction there exists no fin areas which are readily subject to
being deformed out of the plane of its associated fin, during the
notch forming or subsequent fin member handling operations.
It is a specific feature of the present invention that the core
portion of an extrusion formed fin member may be segmented and the
fins simultaneously notched by a single material removing
operation, thereby greatly facilitating and reducing the cost of
manufacture of the present heat exchanger.
DRAWINGS
The nature and mode of operation of the present invention will be
more fully described in the following detailed description taken
with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a fin member constructed in
accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an elevational, sectional view of a heat exchanger
constructed in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken generally along the line 3--3 in
FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a sectionalized perspective view taken generally along
the line 4--4 in FIG. 1; and
FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a fin member illustrating the
preferred mode of segmenting the core portion thereof and
simultaneously forming notches in the fins.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
A tubular fin type heat exchanger formed in accordance with the
present invention, which is generally designated as 1 in FIGS. 2
and 3, comprises a tubular member 2 and a fin member 3 located
within the tubular member.
Tubular member 2 is defined by cylindrical inner and outer surfaces
5 and 6, respectively, and preferably formed of a relatively soft
metal, such as copper or aluminum, having a high coefficiency of
thermal conductivity.
Now referring particularly to FIGS. 1-3, it will be understood that
fin member 3 in its preferred form comprises an axially extending
core portion 8 and a plurality of fins 10, which are integral with
and extend radially from core portion 8. Preferably, fin member 3
is spiraled with respect to its longitudinal axis, that is each of
fins 10 is spiraled in a longitudinal direction about the axis of
core 8. Fins 10 may be, as desired, spiraled during fin member
forming or by a subsequent operation. In practice, it has been
found that for a fin member having an overall diameter of about 0.6
inch, a one complete spiral for every 2 feet of linear length of
the fin member produces advantageous results.
Fin member 3 is preferably formed by an extrusion process from a
metal having a high coefficiency of thermal conductivity. The
material of fin member 3 is preferably of a greater hardness than
the material of tubular member 2 in order to permit proper
interference fit to be accomplished in the manner to be hereinafter
described. Normally, the tubular member is formed of copper and the
fin member is formed of an alloy having a greater hardness than
that of copper, such as one of the aluminum alloys 63S-T5, 63S-T6
or 63S-T2, properly aged.
Fins 10, which may be three or more in number depending on the
requirements of the heat exchanger, are preferably equally spaced
about the axis of core portion 8, and are formed with a generally
T-shaped section on the radially outer boundary edges thereof, as
indicated at 12. The T-shaped section increases the circumferential
length of the fin edges and thereby greatly increases the area of
contact between the tubular and fin members when assembled.
To assemble heat exchanger tube 1, fin member 3 is located within
tubular member 2 and the tubular member thereafter radially
contracted, as by a drawing operation, so as to bring tube inner
surface 5 into interference fit relationship with fin edges 12.
With tube 1 assembled in this manner, there are defined a plurality
of flow paths 14 for heat exchange medium, which are bounded
outwardly of core portion 8 by adjacent pairs of fins 10 and the
tube inner surface 5.
Conventionally, heat exchangers of the type thus far described are
employed for chilling or refrigeration purposes, and a suitable
refrigerant comprises the heat exchange medium which is to be
passed through flow paths 14. Refrigerant is normally in the form
of a gas having particles of liquid entrained therein. However, it
will be understood that heat exchangers formed in accordance with
the present invention may be employed in any heat transfer
application, wherein a material is passed through flow paths
14.
It will be understood that the specific structural features of tube
1, as thus far described, are conventional, and are shown only for
purposes of illustration. Thus, it will be appreciated that
applicant's invention, which will now be described in detail, may
be employed with heat exchangers, wherein fin members having any
desired number of fins, wherein the fins are of any desired
cross-sectional configuration and are either straight or spiraled;
and wherein the fin member is formed by means other than an
extrusion operation and joined to the tubular member in any desired
fashion.
In accordance with the present invention, core portion 8 is
composed of a plurality of segments, designated generally at 8a, 8b
and 8c in FIGS. 1 and 2, which are interconnected in an axially
spaced relationship by fins 10. The space or opening between the
ends of adjacent segments, which is generally indicated at 16
serves to simultaneously establish communication across core
portion 8 between all of flow paths 14. As a result, heat exchange
media may be uniformly distributed throughout the cross-sectional
configuration of the heat exchange tube, thereby insuring that the
heat absorbing characteristics of the heat exchanger will remain
constant throughout the circumferential dimension of tubular member
2.
As a practical matter, except where the diameter of core 8 is
relatively large as compared to the overall diameter of fin member
3 such that fins 10 cover only a relatively limited portion of the
surface of the core portion, it is necessary to provide notches 18
adjacent the radially inner edges of those portions of fins 10,
which bridge between adjacent core portion segments. As will appear
from FIGS. 1-4, notches 18 open into space 16 and serve to greatly
facilitate the flow of heat exchange medium both between relatively
remote flow paths across core portion 8 and between pairs of
adjacent flow paths bounded by the fins with which the notches are
associated.
The positioning of notches 18 adjacent the radially inner edges of
fins 10 permits a substantially greater amount of fin material to
be removed without objectionably reducing the elastic strength of
fin member 3, than would be the case if notches were to be arranged
adjacent the radially outer edges of fins 10. When fin member 3 is
formed of common aluminum alloys mentioned above, the radial depth
of notches 18 may exceed 50 percent of the radial dimension of
their associated fins, thereby insuring equalizing flow between the
several flow paths at each point along the heat exchanger at which
core portion 8 is segmented.
Moreover, by positioning notches 18 in the manner described, there
exists no projecting or unsupported corners adjacent the notches,
which would be subject to deformation during the notch forming or
subsequent fin member handling operations.
FIG. 5 illustrates the preferred mode of segmenting core portion 8
and/or simultaneously segmenting the core portion and forming
notches 18 in all of fins 10. In the simplest form of this
operation, a fin member is laid in a suitable jig, not shown, and a
"single hole" is formed therein by moving a suitable metal cutting
device of circular cross section, such as a drill, shown in phantom
at 20 along a line, which is substantially normal to the axis of
core portion 8 and substantially bisects the angle defined by a
pair of adjacent fins. Any burrs produced during the cutting
operation would be removed in order to prevent blockage of the
notches and/or flow paths. Of course, it will be understood that
material may be removed from the fin members to form opening 16
and/or notches of any desired configuration and in any suitable
manner, such as for instance by punching or flame cutting
operations. As will be apparent, cuts may be made along lines at
angles other than 90.degree. to the axis of the core portion, so
long as the strength of the fin members is not critically
diminished, as by cutting through the radially outer boundary edges
of the fins.
It will be understood that the "single hole" forming operation
preferably results in both the segmenting of the core portion and
notching of the fins. The spacing between openings formed by the
"single hole" forming operation described is normally on the order
of about 6 to 8 inches for a five finned fin member having
nominally one complete spiral for every 2 feet of length, depending
on the accuracy of the spiraling operation. Of course, opening
spacings less or greater than that described may be employed
depending on heat exchange operating requirements.
As will be apparent from viewing FIG. 5, a disparity between the
sizes of notches 18 formed in the respective fins of a five-finned
member illustrated results from a "single hole" forming operation.
However, as a practical matter, slight disparities in notch sizes
obtained by forming a "single hole" in fin members having 3, 4 or 5
fins does not unduly reduce efficiency of their operation. Of
course, efficiency is maximized by employing a cutting tool whose
diameter is limited only by the requirement that a notch formed in
any given fin will have an effective radial dimension less than
that which would result in damage to the fin, and by performing
material removing operation through the fin member at the same or
substantially the same point along a line bisecting the angle
defined by more than one pair of adjacent fins.
Alternatively, fluid communication across the core portion may be
provided by a grouping of two or more closely adjacent "single
holes" at each station lengthwise of the fin member at which it is
desired to obtain uniform heat exchange conditions. When employing
groupings of holes, each hole is preferably "clear through" the
core portion and provides notches in all of the fins, since
otherwise maximum possible efficiency is not realized.
Also, it is within the scope of the present invention to provide
for fluid communication at any given station lengthwise of the fin
member, by replacing a "single hole" opening or a grouping thereof
with a slot opening or axially spaced slot openings, which are
preferably elongated in a direction lengthwise of the fin member.
Slot openings may be formed by milling or grinding operations, as
well as any of the cutting operations mentioned above. Of course it
will be understood that materials other than those specifically
discussed above may be employed in forming the tubular and fin
members.
* * * * *