U.S. patent number 3,636,874 [Application Number 04/444,472] was granted by the patent office on 1972-01-25 for method and means for dispersing chemical agents.
This patent grant is currently assigned to The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Navy. Invention is credited to William A. Gey, Armin T. Wiebke.
United States Patent |
3,636,874 |
Gey , et al. |
January 25, 1972 |
METHOD AND MEANS FOR DISPERSING CHEMICAL AGENTS
Abstract
In a device for dispersing liquid agents: A frangible casing; A
burster charge; Means mounting the burster charge within the casing
near the center there f; An electrical initiator mounted within
said burster charge; Electrical connecting means connected with
said initiator and extending from said casing adapted to conduct an
electrical current from a given source to said initiator for
initiating an activation thereof; A plurality of open containers
randomly disposed within said casing and grouped about said burster
charge in a self-supporting group in a manner such that a plurality
of voids are established between said containers in communication
with the interior thereof; A preselected liquid agent filling said
casing and containers; and Means sealing said casing to provide a
sealed liquid agent disseminator.
Inventors: |
Gey; William A. (China Lake,
CA), Wiebke; Armin T. (China Lake, CA) |
Assignee: |
The United States of America as
represented by the Secretary of the Navy (N/A)
|
Family
ID: |
23765047 |
Appl.
No.: |
04/444,472 |
Filed: |
March 31, 1965 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
102/367 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F42B
12/50 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F42B
12/02 (20060101); F42B 12/50 (20060101); F42b
013/14 (); F42b 025/14 () |
Field of
Search: |
;102/6,39,65,66,89,90 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Engle; Samuel W.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. In a device for dispersing liquid agents:
a frangible casing;
a burster charge
means mounting the burster charge within the casing near the center
thereof;
an electrical initiator mounted within said burster charge;
electrical connecting means connected with said initiator and
extending from said casing adapted to conduct an electrical current
from a given source to said initiator for initiating an activation
thereof;
a plurality of open containers randomly disposed within said casing
and grouped about said burster charge in a self-supporting group in
a manner such that a plurality of voids are established between
said containers in communication with the interior thereof; a
preselected liquid agent filling said casing and containers; and
means sealing said casing to provide a sealed liquid agent
disseminator.
2. The device of claim 1, further characterized in that each
container of said plurality of containers comprises a cylindrical
container having means defining an opening at one end thereof the
diameter of which is coextensive with the internal diameter of said
container.
3. The device of claim 1, further characterized in that each
container of said plurality of containers comprises a cylindrical
container having means defining an opening defined therein with the
diameter thereof being substantially less than the internal
diameter of said container.
Description
The invention described herein may be manufactured and used by or
for the Government of the United States of America for governmental
purposes without the payment of any royalties thereon or
therefor.
The present invention relates generally to a method and means for
disseminating a liquid agent and more particularly to an explosive
method and means for achieving controlled dissemination and
persistence of chemical agents in a liquid form.
Heretofore, various techniques have been employed for disseminating
cloud-forming chemical agents or liquids over wide areas for many
and varied purposes. The conventional techniques normally utilize
airborne spray devices, and the like, which prove to be ineffective
in instances where the target area is inaccessible, wind conditions
are adverse, and the altitude beneath which an aircraft may operate
over the target area is restricted. Further, aerial incendiary
devices are also well known. However, the primary purpose of these
devices is to spread a burning liquid over a given area, the
dimensions of which are limited due to the inherent requirements
that the liquid remain sufficiently concentrated for igniting
combustible materials contacted by the incendiary liquid.
Consequently, these devices are deemed inadequate for disseminating
cloud-forming chemical agents. Certain explosive devices, such as
those disclosed in copending application Ser. No. 410,033 filed
Nov. 9, 1964, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,382,800, have been utilized quite
successfully for effecting widespread dispersion of cloud-forming
chemical agents. However, problems of efficiency, costs and
complexity continue to plague those concerned with the development
of disseminators for liquid agents.
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and
means for overcoming the aforementioned disadvantages.
An object of the instant invention is to provide a simple and
efficient method and means for effecting a widespread dispersion of
cloud-forming chemical agents.
Another object is to provide a simple means for effectively
disseminating a liquid agent over a wide area, and which may be
readily assembled under adverse conditions.
And yet another object is to provide an effective method and means
for forming a cloud of dispersed liquid particles and/or vaporized
liquids over a wide area.
Other objects, advantages and novel features of the invention will
become apparent from the following detailed description of the
invention when considered in conjunction with the accompanying
drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 comprises a partially sectioned elevation of the device of
the instant invention;
FIG. 2 comprises a top plan view of the device of FIG. 1;
FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate modifications of liquid containers
utilized by the device of FIG. 1; and
FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic view illustrating an operation of the
device of the instant invention.
Turning now to the drawings, wherein like reference characters
designate like or corresponding parts throughout the several views,
there is shown in FIG. 1 a partially sectioned side elevation of
the device of the instant invention. The device includes a casing
10, which may be formed of any suitable frangible material, having
a bottom wall 11 sealed to a cylindrical sidewall 12, at a first
end thereof, to form an open receptacle. A cover plate 13 is seated
and sealed in contiguous engagement with the internal surfaces of
the sidewall 12 at the uppermost or second end of the casing 10 and
serves to seal the casing 10 as well as to provide a mounting
member for a cylindrical explosive or burster charge 14 mounted to
extend therethrough.
The burster charge 14 comprises any well-known explosive material
14a, normally a solid material, contained within a tubular housing
14b, sealed at opposite ends by inserts or sealing plugs 15. In
order that the burster charge 14 may be selectively activated or
detonated, an electrically activated initiator 16, of any
well-known design, is seated within the explosive material 14a and
connected with an electrical source, not shown, by electrical
connecting means or leads 17, which extend from the initiator 16
through the outermost one of the inserts or sealing plug 15.
However, it is to be understood that any suitable means, including
mechanical fuzes, may be employed for activating the burster charge
14.
In order to secure the housing 14b of the burster charge 14 in
operative position, a flanged opening 18 is formed in the cover
member 13 for receiving, in mating relationship therewith, an end
portion of the housing 14b. The housing 14b and the cover member 13
are secured together in sealing relationship by any suitable
conventional means.
A plurality of relatively small open containers 20 are arranged or
stacked at random within the casing 10. The containers 20 normally
comprise lightweight cylindrical cup-shaped members, FIG. 3, having
an opening 20a, the diameter of which is coextensive with the
internal diameter of the container 20. The containers 20 are
arranged to form a self-supporting group of containers, disposed
about the burster charge 14 in a manner such that a plurality of
voids are randomly located between the containers and in
communication with the internal portions of the containers 20.
A selected liquid chemical agent 21, which is to be dispersed, is
introduced into the casing 10 for filling the existing voids, and
consequently the containers 20, whereby each container 20 comprises
a container filled and supported in a bath of the liquid agent,
which is to be dispersed upon activation of the device.
It will be appreciated that the specific composition of the liquid
agent 21 may be varied, depending on its usage. However, where the
device is to be used as a chemical cloud-forming device, the agent
will normally comprise a volatile liquid which may be disseminated
as a liquid prior to undergoing a change-in-state, i.e., a change
from a liquid to a gas state. It will be further appreciated that
the specific materials utilized in constructing the various
components of the device must necessarily comprise compatible
materials in order to avoid an occurrence of significant chemical
reaction therebetween.
In certain instances, it has been found desirable to vary the size
of the openings of the containers 20, as illustrated in FIG. 4, in
order that the period of time required for discharging the liquid
agent 21 contained therein may be selectively varied.
In assembling the device, the selected liquid chemical 21 may, as a
practical matter, be introduced into the casing 10, with the
containers 20 and burster charge 14 being introduced later. The
cover member 13 may then be inserted into a sealing relationship
with the burster charge housing 14a and walls 12 of the casing. If
desired, openings, not shown, may be provided within the casing
wall 12 and/or cover member 13 to be utilized for introducing into
the casing 10 the liquid agent 12. Another assembly procedure,
which has been found to be particularly desirable, comprises fixing
the various structural components or elements in place, then
introducing a vacuum within the casing 10 and thereupon adding the
liquid 21. Through the use of the vacuumizing step a complete
filling of the containers 20 is insured. In any event once the
device is assembled, it is in a completely sealed state and may now
be stored, dropped from aircraft, and/or activated in fixed
positions at ground level.
In operation, an electrical current is selectively passed through
the connecting means 17 for activating the initiator 16. The
initiator 16 functions to effect a detonation of the burster charge
14. The burster charge 14 serves to establish shock waves which
pass outwardly through the liquid 21. As the shock waves progress,
the wall 12 is fractured or fragmented and the liquid agent 21 and
filled containers 20 are violently accelerated outwardly from the
fractured casing 10. As the containers 20 progress from the point
of detonation, additional motion is imparted thereto whereby
quantities of the liquid agent is caused to be expelled from the
containers while they are in the thus initiated flight, FIG. 5. If
the agent 21 is of a volatile nature, a gaseous cloud is formed
about the outwardly progressing containers 20 as the contents
thereof are expelled therefrom.
Consequently it is to be understood that the present invention
comprises a very simple, efficient, and economic device which may
readily be assembled, stored and/or used under adverse conditions,
such as, for example, by troops in the field, and which may be
utilized to achieve widespread dispersion of chemical agents.
Obviously many modifications and variations of the present
invention are possible in the light of the above teachings. It is
therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended
claims the invention may be practiced otherwise than as
specifically described.
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